题目内容

20.Innocent Fast Food Restaurant
A study by academics from the University of California and Northwestern University claimed that"the causal link between the consumption of restaurant foods and obesity (肥胖) is minimal at best."
It argued that a tax on high-calorie (卡路里) food,(33)whichwas proposed by many health campaigners in the US and Britain,might therefore not be an effective way for governments to deal with the problem.
It analyzed data on calorie intake around the country,which (34)had been collected(collect) before under the leadership of the US Department of Agriculture.The study found that people living closer (35)torestaurants were not significantly more likely to be obese than people living further away,(36)indicating(indicate) that easy access to restaurants had little effect.
It also showed that while restaurant meals typically held more calories than home-produced food,many customers often make up for this by eating (37)less(little) throughout the rest of the day.
"Obese people who ate at restaurants,"the study indicated,"also eat more when they eat at home."
The US government estimates (38)thatabout one in three Americans,or 100 million in total,are obese.Last month it was predicted that 75 percent of Americans would be overweight in 2020.
The problem is thought to cost Americans between 150billionand170 billion in annual medical costs.
"While taxing restaurant meals might means (39)changing(change) where these consumers eat,"the study's authors,Michael Anderson and David Matsa,wrote,"our study results suggest that a tax (40)wouldbe unlikely to affect their potential tendency to overeat."

分析 加利福尼亚大学和西北大学的一项研究发现"快餐食物和肥胖之间并没有必然联系".  在英国和美国,众多的健康人士建议对高卡路里食物征税,但是这项研究却表明这样做也许并不是政府解决肥胖问题的有效途径. 该研究分析了由美国农业局统计的关于美国各个地区人们卡路里摄入量的数据.结果发现住在餐馆附近的人并不比远地方的人更加肥胖,这就意味着离快餐店近并不是造成肥胖的直接原因.研究还表明虽然快餐食物通常含有比家里自制的食物更高的卡路里,但是人们在吃完快餐食物之后往往会减少一天食物的摄入量,这样副作用就抵消了. 研究表明,在餐馆吃饭的肥胖人士在自己家里的时候往往也会吃得很多. 美国政府估计每一百个美国人中间就有一个肥胖者.上个月的一项调查预估到2020 年75%的美国人都会超重.肥胖问题每年都会花费美国政府1500 亿到1700 亿美元的医疗费用. 研究者认为,"尽管向高卡路里食物征税可能改变人们的就餐地点,但是却不能改变他们潜在的过度饮食的习惯."

解答 33.which;考查关系代词,结合上下文语境,这里用关系代词which指代It argued that a tax on high-calorie (卡路里) food这件事.
34.had been collected;考查动词的时态,短文通篇用了过去时态,这里句子中又出现了before,说明动作发生在过去之前,即"过去的过去",所以要用过去完成时.
35.to;考查固定搭配,"距离…很近"用短语"be close to",在文中形容词close用了它的比较级形式.
36.indicating;考查分词作状语,结合上下文,前面的句子动词indicate之间是主谓关系,所以用现在分词作状语.
37.less;考查比较级,结合上下文,这里认为消费者"吃完快餐后回家吃的就少了",作者把吃快餐和在家吃的作了比较,所以要用比较级.
38.that;考查关系代词,这里用关系代词that引导宾语从句,作动词estimates 的宾语.
39.changing;考查习惯用法,动词mean后面通常跟doing或to do,mean doing表示"意味着",mean to do表示"打算";结合上下文这里应该用mean doing.
40.would;考查情态动词,结合句意空格处用情态动词would表示语气更加委婉,意为"征税将不可能改变他们过度饮食的习惯".

点评 在短文改错当中,首先要从整体掌握短文大意,结合上下文语境并充分运用平时掌握的基础知识,充分运用所学的基础知识,包括一些实词和虚词的用法,固定短语搭配,习惯性用法,结合上下文整体关系,找出错误并加以修正.

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11.The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have experienced over the past couple of decades has transformed hundreds of millions of lives-almost entirely for the better.But there's a byproduct to that growth,one that's evident-or sometimes less than evident-in the smoggy,smelly skies above cities like Beijing,New Delhi and Jakarta.Thanks to new cars and power plants,air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world,and it's taking a major toll (伤亡人数,代价) on global health.
How big?According to a new analysis published in the Lancet,more than 3.2 million people suffered deaths from air pollution in 2010,the largest number on record.That's up from 800,000 in 2000.And it's a regional problem:65% of those deaths occurred in Asia,where the air is choked by diesel soot (内燃发动机烟雾) from cars and trucks,as well as the song from power plants and the dust from endless urban construction.In East Asia and China,1.2 million people died,as well as another 712,000 in South Asia,including India.For the first time ever,air pollution is on the world's top-10 list of killers,and it's moving up the ranks faster than any other factor.
So how can air pollution be so damaging?It is the very finest soot-so small that it roots deep within the lungs and from the enters the bloodstream-that contributes to most of the public-health toll of air pollution including death.Diesel soot,which can also cause cancer,is a major problem because it is concentrated in cities along transportation zones affecting overpopulated areas.It is thought to contribute to half the deaths from air pollution in urban centers.Fro example,1 in 6 people in the U.S.live near a diesel-pollution hot spot like a rail yard,port terminal or freeway.
We also know that air pollution may be linked to other non-deadly diseases.Fortunately in the U.S.and other developed nations,urban air is for the most part cleaner than it was 30 or 40 years ago,thanks to regulations and new technologies like the catalytic converters (催化式排气净化器) that reduce automobile emissions.Govemments are also pushing to make air cleaner-see the White House's move last week to further tighten soot standards.It's not perfect,but we've had much more success dealing with air pollution than climate change.
Will developing nations like India eventually catch up?Hopefully-though the problem may get worse before it gets better.The good news is that it doesn't take a major technological advance to improve urban air.Switching from diesel fuel to unleaded (无铅燃油) helps,as do newer and cleaner cars which are less likely to send out pollutants.Power plants-even ones that burn mineral fuels like coal-can be fitted with pollution-control equipment that,at a price,will greatly reduce smog and other pollutants.
But the best solutions may involve urban design.In the Guardian,John Vidal notes that Delhi now has 200 cars per 1,000 people,far more than much richer Asian cities like Hong Kong and Singapore.Developing cities will almost certainly see an increase in care ownership as residents become wealthier-and that doesn't have to mean deadly air pollution.Higher incomes should also lead to tougher environmental regulations,witch is exactly what happened in the West.We can only hope it happens before the death toll from bad air gets even higher.
41.What tends to give rise to the highest death toll according to the passage?D
A.The lack of tight environmental protection standards.
B.The increasing numbers of the diesel cars and trucks.
C.The frighteningly high death rate from deadly cancer.
D.The world's serious air pollution such as soot and dust.
42.The"byproduct"(Paragraph 1)most probably refers toA
A.consequence      B.solution         C.reform           D.design
43.The basic reason why so many people die from air pollution is thatC
A.the diesel soot is too small to be seen
B.the diesel soot is much too poisonous to breathe
C.the diesel soot roots in lungs and gets into blood
D.the diesel soot can also contribute to deadly cancer
44.According to the passage,the writer actually wants to convince the readers thatD   
A.the global economic growth is mainly to blame for air pollution and climate change
B.the developing countries are repeating the same mistakes as the developed ones made
C.the ecological situation and air pollution in India are becoming worse and worse
D.the unbeatable air is increasingly becoming a major killer throughout the world 
45.By describing urban design as"the best solution"in the last paragraph,the writer means thatB
A.the making of tougher environmental regulations alone is of little use
B.more sever regulations should be made to handle air pollution
C.the urban construction in western developed countries is the best choice
D.the pace of development has to be slowed down to reduce air pollution.
8.We all know that certain oils are healthier than others.but your oil health goes beyond just the type.The health of your oil can be related to how you use it too.
Each type of oil has what is called a"smoke point."The smoke point is the  specific temperature at which the oil starts to break down,or in more technical terms,its molecular structure begins to change.These molecular changes result in; changes in flavor,as well as  changes in nutritional value,specifically,the nutritional value of the oil starts to reduce;changing what once may have been considered an especially healthy oil,like Olive,into one that is unhealthy.
The higher an oil's smoke point is,the higher the temperature of the oil can be.As a result,each type of oil should be used for the cooking method that is most appropriate to its individual smoke point and heat tolerance.Here is a quick guide for the next time you reach for your favorite oil.
Heat During CookingOilBest Use
Low to ModerateCoconutBaking (low heat ) Light Sauteing Pressure Cooking Salads
Corn
Olive
Peanut
Sesame
Walnut
Medium HeatMacadamia NutBaking
Sauteing
Stir-Frying
Safflower
High HeatGrape-seedDeep Browning
Deep-Frying
Sunflower
Soybean/Soy
Note that the above table represents oils that are refined(精炼的).Most oils we buy are refined.Refined oils tend to have much higher smoke points than when they are unrefined.They also differ in nutrition and flavor.Unrefined oils are more nutritious and they tend to be much richer in flavor.
When it comes to extremely high heat cooking,always choose oils which are refined.

62.What determines whether an oil is healthy or not?D
A.Whether it's refined or not.    
B.Its smoke point.
C.Its molecular.
D.How you use it.
63.Which of the following might be a better choice to make a healthy salad?C
A.Refined walnut oil.    B.Safflower oil.
C.Unrefined olive oil.   D.Sunflower oil.
64.Healthy oil can become unhealthy if.Baccording to the passage.
A.you keep it for too long
B.it is heated well beyond its smoke point
C.it is refined
D.its flavor is changed
65.The author wants to tell readers thatC.
A.oils are related to health
B.oils'value depends on their smoke points
C."certain oils are healthier"is relative
D.oils'flavor and nutrition are connected.
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8.According to the article,in the future,the 3D printing technology willB.
A.enable people to make better purchases online   
B.change the way we make many products   
C.be applied as widely in our daily life as computers   
D.shorten the time it takes for people to get what they buy online
9.What happened in the 3D printing industry last year?D
A.The 3D printing technology was taken out of the factory.
B.The 3D printing technology began to be used in various fields.
C.The 3D printer was used for medical treatment for the first time.
D.The 3D printer became more affordable for consumers.
10.How is the last paragraph developed?A
A.By giving examples.B.By making comparisons.
C.By analyzing the cause and effect.D.By presenting research findings.
11.What is the best title of the passage?D
A.Great Demand for 3D Printers  
B.Technology in the Future
C.Online Shopping Disappearing  
D.Printing out Everything.
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33.If a student wants to know how to map DNA,he should attendB.
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A.the campers have great fun in the summertime programs
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B.to complain students'stressful life during the summertime
C.to persuade parents to send their children to more programs in university
D.to introduce summertime programs performed by three Calgary universities.

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