题目内容

The word “conservation” has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such a good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials: most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and could “last forever”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.
　　Fifty years ago, nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; wood was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.
　　For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about correcting the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should be made part of everybody’s daily life. To know about the water table in ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic math formulas. We need to know why all watersheds (上游集水区) need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to give their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, grown trees, because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic (立方体的) volume above the earth. In a word, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.
小题1:The author’s attitude towards the use of natural resources is _________.
A．positiveB．uninterestedC．optimisticD．critical
小题2:According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _________.
A．they had no idea about scientific forestry
B．they had little or no sense of environmental protection
C．they were not aware of the importance of nature study
D．they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials
小题3:To avoid repeating the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that _________.
A．we plant more trees
B．natural sciences be taught to everybody
C．environmental education be directed toward everyone
D．we return to nature
小题4:How can you understand the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?
A．Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.
B．Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.
C．We need to take some measures to protect space.
D．We must preserve good living conditions for both birds and animals.
小题1:D小题1:B小题1:C小题1:D
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Burns can be caused by fire, the sun, chemicals, heated objects or fluids, and electricity. They can be minor problems or life-threatening emergencies. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. If you are not sure how serious the burn is, seek emergency medical help.
First-degree burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned. The skin is usually red and some swelling (肿大) and pain may occur. Unless the burn involves large portions of the body, it can be treated at home.
Second-degree burns are those in which the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin is also burned. In these burns, the skin reddens intensely and blisters (水泡) develop. Severe pain and swelling also occur. Second-degree burns require medical treatment.
Third-degree burns are the most serious and involve all layers of skin. Fat, nerves, muscles, and even bones may be affected. Areas may be charred black or appear a dry white. If nerve damage is substantial, there may be no pain at all. These burns require emergency medical attention.
Follow these steps when treating minor burns at home:
1) If the skin is not broken, run cool water over the burn for several minutes.
2) Cover the burn with a sterile (消过毒的) bandage or clean cloth.
3) Take aspirin to relieve any swelling or pain.
Seek emergency treatment immediately for major burns. Before an emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:
1) Remove the person from the source of the burn (fire, electrical current, etc.).
2) If the person is not breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸) immediately.
3) Remove all clothing to stop further burning. If the clothing is stuck to the burn, do not attempt to remove it.
4) Cover the burned area with a cool, moist, sterile bandage or clean cloth. Do not place any creams, ointments (药膏) or ice on the burned area or break blisters.
5) Monitor the patient for signs of shock, and treat accordingly.
小题1:The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means “______”.
A. They can be dangerous if you don’t treat them seriously
Ｂ. They range from slight burns to deadly ones
C. They seldom cause deaths even if not treated properly
D. They usually cause deaths if not treated properly
小题2:Burns are divided into different degrees according to _______.
A．what kind of treatment they need
B．what kind of tissue of the body is damaged
C．whether there is pain and what degree of pain there is
D．which layer of skin is burned
小题3:From the passage we learn that _______.
A．if there is severe pain, then you need medical treatment
B．first-degree burns don’t require medical treatment
C．burns without pains can be treated at home
D．the larger the swelling is, the more serious it is
小题4: It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A．you shouldn’t cover the burn with a bandage or cloth if it is severe
B．you shouldn’t move the person unless you know how to do first aid
C．you shouldn’t run cool water over the burn if the skin is broken
D．you shouldn’t place any wet towels on the burned area
小题5:where do you probably find the passage?
A．a fashion magazineB．a guide book
C．a book on first aidD．a section about culture in the newspaper
Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better.
Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995; by 2005 the number had climbed above 60%. That is some way behind the U.S. , where are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the Internet. Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 , after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）,which had outlawed TV, 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013——pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.
Television’s most powerful effect will be on the lives of women. In India, researchers Robert Jensen and Emily Oster found that when TVs reached villages, women were more likely to go to the market without their husbands’ approval and less likely to want a boy rather than a girl. They were more likely to make decisions over child health care. TV is also a powerful medium for adult education. In the Indian state of Gujarat, Chitrageet is a popular show that plays Bollywood songs with words in Gujarati on the screen. Within six months, viewers had made a small but significant improvement in their reading skills.
Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide.
小题1: The underlined word “outlawed” in paragraph 2 probably means “           ”.
A．allowedB．forbiddenC．offeredD．refused
小题2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Americans used to get access to the Internet easily.
B．The world’s TV sets will total 150 million by 2013.
C．45% of families in the developing countries had a TV in 2005.
D．Over two thirds of families in the world will have a TV by 2013.
小题3:The author intends to             .
A．stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives
B．persuade women to become more independent
C．encourage people to improve their reading skills
D．introduce the readers some websites such as Google
小题4: What would be the best title for the passage?  
A．TV Will Rule the WorldB．TV Will Disturb the World
C．TV Will Better the WorldD．TV Will Remain in World
小题5: From the passage, we know _______________.
A．It is impossible for women in India to get access to TVs now.
B．Robert Jensen and Emily Oster are Indian women.
C．Women in India are more likely to want a girl than a boy because of the arrival of TV.
D．Viewers of a popular TV show can improve their reading skills greatly in half a year.
In 2006, a large number of new Internet sites became popular around the world. Some of these are for communication, others for entertainment.
The blog is one form of communication that increased in popularity. Through these personal websites, people can share their lives, ideas and opinions on the Internet. People of all ages have their own blogs. For young people, they are a way to show their writing and other forms of self-expression. Blogs also connect people with other people who have the same interests. For example, teachers use blogs to share ideas with other teachers’, as well as experiences and concerns about their work.
YouTube is another Internet site that became more popular last year. This website lets anyone create, share and watch short videos. These include videos of people singing or dancing, or animals doing funny things. Three young men created YouTube almost two years ago as a personal video sharing service. They recently sold it to Google for more than one and a half billion dollars.
Games and entertainment also became a larger part of the Internet last year. One Internet social site is called Second Life. It is an online world in which computer users create a new self and live a different life. They get married, build homes, operate businesses, buy and sell goods, work, play and attend school.
People also take part in fantasy sports leagues with the help of the Internet. A fantasy sport is a game in which each member of a group acts as the owner of a team. Each owner creates a team of real-life professional players to compete against other teams in the league. More than fifteen million American adults play fantasy sports. The industry earns more than one billion dollars each year from publications, memberships and other costs.
小题1:The passage is mainly about __________.
A．the most popular Internet technology in 2006
B．some new ways for people to communicate or have fun on the Internet
C．one online game called Second Life
D．the high price of playing online
小题2:Who is the owner of YouTube now?
A．Three young men.B．Google.C．Computer users.D．Yahoo.
小题3: Whom does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The people who are interested in blogs.
B．The people who play games on YouTube.
C．The people who play Second Life.
D．The people who are created in Second Life.
小题4: What do we know from the passage?
A．Teachers can share ideas, experiences and concerns about their work with other teachers on any website.
B．More than fifteen million American teenagers play fantasy sports.
C．Second Life helps people get married, buy and sell goods, work, play and attend school in real life.
D．Fantasy sports, a game in which each member of a group acts as the owner of a team, is very popular around the world.
Members of the working class have blue-collar jobs. They are construction workers, truck drivers, mechanican, steel workers, electricians, and the like. What makes this class differ from the lower class is, first, longer periods of employment—and therefore, more fixed incomes—and , second, employment in skilled or semi-skilled occupations, not unskilled ones. Although unemployment hits all levels of the American economy, including those of skilled and semi-skilled workers, it is most common at the bottom of the class structure and increasingly less common at each level upward. They consider themselves to be respectable and hard-working and they look down upon members of the “low” class, whom they often consider to be lazy, dishonest, and too ready to exploit public assistance.
Most people in the working class have at least high school education. Many have some experience of college(especially community college), though few are college graduates. Unionization has helped the working class, but a rapidly changing economy and frequent periods of high unemployment make it difficult for most of its members to be able to increase their savings greatly. Purchasing a house for people in this class is extremely difficult, although a certain percentage may receive houses from their parents. (Home-owning rises with social class.)
A greater number of the members of the working class take relatively little satisfaction in their jobs, because much of their work is ordinary and boring. As a result, many seek their main satisfaction in recreational activities. Many members of this class would like to earn enough money to leave their jobs and start their own businesses, though few make it. Many place their expectations on their children, hoping that they at least will rise in the ladder of success.
小题1: Which of the following is true about the working class?
A．They are often offered jobs with high incomes.
B．They are employed as skilled and semi-skilled workers.
C．They are often considered lazy and dishonest.
D．They are often exploited by the public.
小题2: The word “hit” in paragraph one roughly means__________.
A．have bad effects onB．break up
C．beat D．strike with a blow
小题3: Most people in the working class ________.
A．have at least some experience of college
B．receive houses from their parents
C．buy houses by themselves
D．have difficulty increasing their savings greatly
小题4: Many members from the working class are not satisfied with their jobs because _____.
A．they are not interested in their jobs.
B．they could not earn much money
C．they are not their own bosses
D．they could not rise in the ladder of success
  If we bought only things we needed, there would be enough for everybody. What do we need? What you need depends on how old you are and your way of life. Rearrange the list of things you can buy and put the things you think we most need at the top of the list.
Coat             Designer jeans          Water       CD player
Dental check up   Restaurant meal     Telephone   Jewelry
Food          Shampoo             MP3 player  Beer
Toothpaste        Bar of chocolate        Cushion covers
If we don’t need to buy so much, we don’t need to work so much. We can take part-time jobs or reduce our working day from eight hours to six hours. Some people are leaving very well paid jobs to live a healthier life in the countryside or a more exciting life abroad. Parents can spend more time with their children and the unemployed are given more opportunities to work.
If we start to respect saving the earth more than spending money, we will become ‘conservers’ (保护者). When we are conservers, we try to choose environmentally friendly products that last a long time. We may find growing our own vegetables or making our own clothes more rewarding than buying them.
Next time you go shopping, think about what you really need to buy. Don’t deprive (剥夺) yourself of things you like, but decide what you should buy before you go out, so that you won’t be influenced by advertisements or promotions. If it is more expensive to buy goods that don’t have much packaging and things that are more durable (耐用的), buy less. If you can choose to work less, decide which things you would like to make, do or grow yourself. Even though you have less money, your life will become richer.
by Julie Bray
小题1: From the passage, we can see the author suggests us consumers ______.
A．find out more about a product instead of buying blindly
B．consider what we really need before going shopping
C．avoid regret at not buying enough
D．find a real bargain
小题2:. The writer will agree with you if you buy products that are ______.
A．beautifully packaged B．extremely cheap
C．usable for a long time D．fashionable now
小题3: According to the passage, if we don’t need to buy so much, the benefits  
will include ______.
a. we will have more time enjoying life
b. the employment rate will increase
c. we will get better paid jobs
d. we as consumers will have more choices of what to buy
A．abc B．abd C．ab D．ad
小题4:This passage is mainly written to _____.
A．persuade people to buy less and buy environmentally friendly products
B．put forward some questions so that you can become a smart buyer
C．introduce some good ways to make a wiser choice when shopping
D．criticize the consumer society in which people buy too much
There are three branches of medicine. One is called “doctor medicine” or “scientific medicine”. Scientific doctors try to observe sickness, look for logical pattern, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient this approach(方法) probably did not cure many patients.
The second kind of medicine is called “natural cures” or “folk medicine”, in which less educated people try to cure sickness with various herbs. These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished(兴起) long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times.
The third kind is called “health spas（水疗）” or “faith healing”. Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell(咒语), to cure you. Some religious groups organize healing shrines(圣坛) for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests(牧师) and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better.
小题1:Doctor medicine _________.
  1. has a longer history than folk medicine
  2. has been practiced for around 2,400 years
  3. bases its treatments on observation and logic
  4. was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times
小题2: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health spas?
A．Magic powerB．Various herbsC．Religious faith D．A healthy life style
小题3:According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
  1. Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.
  2. People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.
  3. The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.
  4. Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.
小题4: The author’s primary purpose in this passage is to_______________.
  1. describe different types of medicine
  2. argue for the importance of medicine in health care
  3. show the important role religion plays in medical treatments
  4. compare the educational background of three different types of patients
 
These days no car show is complete without an electric car, and the 2011 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, US, which ran from January 10 to 23, was no exception.
Among the fully electric vehicles on display were the Ford Focus Electric and the Honda Fit EV. BMW and Volvo also had prominent displays at the show, proving that they can produce practical, yet spacious family-oriented electric cars.
Industry insiders at the show claimed that more efficient batteries, improved performance and greater consumer acceptance could make 2011 the “year of electric car”.
It’s long been clear that electric cars score heavily for convenience. They are, for instance, much easier to maintain than gasoline-powered cars. When the battery runs out, you simply replace it or recharge it, just like you would for a cell phone or a laptop.
This is also a much cheaper method than filling your tank with gasoline. Better yet, electric cars don’t emit exhaust fumes. As a result, they don’t produce environmentally damaging greenhouse gases.
It appears that improved technology is making electric cars and their maintenance much more user-friendly. So, what are the obstacles which are preventing electric cars from becoming popular and fashionable?
Home charging for electric cars could be extremely convenient for users. However, it is also a potential obstacle. For a start, installing charging stations in owners’ homes will be a challenge, particularly for those who have to park several blocks away from their homes.
Also, charging the car’s battery still takes quite a long time. It may be some time yet before you can recharge an electric car in the same time as you can refill your gas tank.
Another problem is that many electric vehicles have limited ranges that may only allow for journeys of 50 miles (80 km) or less between charges. In cases where a driver wishes to charge the car primarily at home (perhaps overnight), this limits their daily driving to the range of their vehicle.
This may be one reason why hybrid cars are now becoming more popular. A hybrid car has more than one energy source, usually a traditional gasoline fuel tank and an electric battery. It’s like a more practical version of an electric car: It’s greener than a conventional vehicle, with fewer CO2 emissions, yet it also doubles as a conventional vehicle.
“I would say that hybrid is a transition to fully electronic,” Road and Track magazine editor Richard Horman told Detroit News during the show. “The trend is for lighter, smarter, more economical cars. Of course, electronic vehicles are meant to be that way.”
This sounds promising, particularly in light of the fact that the show featured more electric cars from big manufacturers than ever before.
However, it seems that the technology associated with electric cars is not yet able to fully meet people’s expectations. Don’t expect gasoline-powered cars to disappear from roads just yet.
小题1: What made electric cars more convenient?   
A．Easier maintenance.B．High scores on the show.
C．Practicality and large space.D．Much lower prices.
小题2: Which of the following could NOT act as a potential obstacle of electric cars?
A．It is rough work to install charging stations at home.
B．It is time-consuming to charge the batteries.
C．The ranges between charges are limited.
D．There’s no need to fill the tank with petrol.
小题3:In Paragraph 10, the underlined word “hybrid” is probably closest in meaning to ________.
A．gasolineB．electricC．combined D．separated
小题4:The writer’s purpose in writing this passage is to_________.
A．introduce the 2011 Auto Show in USB．get readers informed of electric cars
C．comment on different types of carsD．advertise for electric cars
  Windsurfing is a sport that combines sailing and surfing．In 1948，twenty-year-old Newman Darby first thought of using a handheld sail to contro1 a small boat．Darby did not apply for a patent(专利)for his design at first．However，he is recognized as the inventor of the first sailboard．
Californians Jim Drake，a sailor and engineer，and Hoyle Schweitzer，a surfer and skier received the patent for a sailboard．They called their design a windsurfer．The early windsurfer boards measured 3．5 meters long and weighed 60 pounds．Later in the l980s，Newman Darby did apply for and receive a design patent for a one—person sailboat．
In the late l940s，Newman Darby found he could control a 3-meter-long sailboat and make turns even without a rudder(舵)．In l964 he designed the first universal joint(万向接头)to go along with a flat bottom sailing boat．This sailboard was equipped with a universal joint，a board and a kite—shaped free sail and thus windsurfing was born．
Naomi Darby，Newman’s wife，was the first woman windsurfer and helped her husband build and design the first sailboard．She sailed while standing up，controlling the boat without the use of a rudder．She tilted(倾斜)the sail to change directions．This was something that had never been done before．
Hoyle Schweitzer began producing sailboards in the early 1970s．The sport became very popular in Europe．By the late 1970s，windsurfing fever had Europe firmly in its grasp with one in every three families having a sailboard．
The first windsurfing world championship was held in 1973．Windsurfing first became an Olympic sport for men in l984 and for women in l992．
小题1:Jim Drake and Hoyle Schweitzer received the patent for the design of     ．
A．a sailboard called windsurferB．a kite—shaped free sail
C．the first universal joint D．a one—person sailboat
小题2:What can we learn from the text?  
A．Hoyle Schweitzer was a sailor and Jim Drake was a surfer．
B．Newman Darby’s wife supported him in his invention．
C．Newman Darby was the first to tilt the sail to change directions．
D．The first world windsurfing competition was held in the late l970s．
小题3:Which is the correct order of the following events?
a．Newman Darby thought of controlling a boat with a handheld sail．
b．Newman Darby received his design patent．
c．Windsurfing became popular in Europe．
d．Windsurfing became an Olympic sport for women．
A．acbdB．abcdC．acdbD．bacd
小题4:What is the main idea of the text?
A．The invention of windsurfing．B．How windsurfing was popular in the world．
C．The history of windsurfing．D．How windsurfing became an Olympic sport．

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