Question

Children become more generous as they get older，learning the principles of equality by the age of eight.That may not be too surprising to anyone who has kids.

Humans are born with a sense of fairness that most other animals seem not to share，but it’s not been clear exactly when this concept starts to develop.

Dr.Alva Zhao and her colleagues conducted a series of tests to measure just how much children care about equality at different ages.In three different versions of a game，children were asked to choose between two ways of sharing a number of sweets with themselves and an unfamiliar partner.They could choose，for example，between one for me and one for you，or just having one for themselves.

At the age of three，children were “almost completely selfish”，says Zhao.

They refused to give sweets away even if it made no difference to themselves.But by the age of eight，children generally preferred the fair option，sharing a prize equally rather than keeping it all to themselves.

Several other factors influenced how fair the children were.The team found that children without brothers or sisters were 28% more likely to share than children with brothers or sisters.On the other hand，the youngest children in a family were 17% less willing to share than children who had only younger brother or sister.

In addition，if children knew that their partner was from the same playgroup or school，they were more concerned about being fair.This suggests that being nice to people you know is something that develops a sense of equality.

1．The main idea of the first paragraph is________.

A．parents know clearly when their kids are more willing to share

B．the kids’ willingness of sharing is learned from their family

C．the older the kids are，the more selfish they will become

D．kids become more generous when they reach a certain age

2．The tests conducted by Dr.Alva Zhao and her colleagues were aimed at________.

A．how kids develop a quality of fairness in games

B．children’s awareness of equality at different ages

C．the reasons why children care about equality

D．children’s attitudes towards other partners

3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Children under three know little about being fair.

B．Children above eight years old become less selfish.

C．Children with brothers or sisters tend to be more generous.

D．The youngest child in a family tends to be less generous.

4．We can learn that children care more about equality while with________.

A．unknown people 　　 B．nice people

C．familiar people 　 D．fair people

 

 

Answer 1

1．D　归纳段落大意题。第一句话即该段的主题句：孩子到了一定年龄 (8岁)后就变得更加慷慨大方。

2．B　细节把握题。根据第三段第一句话“Dr.Alva Zhao and her colleagues conducted a series of test to measure just how much children care about quality at different ages”可以推断Alva博士和她的助手进行测试的目的在于了解孩子在不同年龄对平等意识的表现程度。

3．C　细节把握题。根据倒数第二段第二句话“The team found that children without brothers or sisters were 28%more likely to share than children with brothers or sisters”可以看出有兄弟姐妹的孩子更倾向于慷慨，和短文叙述内容相反。

4．C　细节把握题。根据短文最后一段可判断小孩子和熟悉的人在一起更关注平等。