题目内容

Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ________ how great their achievements are.

A.in spite of B.in ways of C.in favour of D.in terms of

 

a success一个/件成功的人/事;a failure 一个失败/失败的人;come to an end=stop结束/停止。

句意:人们一般都以成就大小来评判科学家和工程师。in spite of“尽管;不管”;in ways of无此短语;in favour of“赞成,支持”;in terms of“从……角度来讲,就……来说,在……方面”。

 

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“Racism (种族歧视) is a grown-up disease,” declares the saying on Ruby Bridge’s website along with a photo of Mrs. Bridge today, a 6-year-old girl four decades ago. In the photo, she is walking up the steps of the William Frantz Public School in New Orleans, a little black girl accompanied by two officers who protect her on her way to school.

       Her name then was Ruby Nell. It was Nov. 14, 1960. She was the first black child to enroll at this all-white elementary school according to the court order to desegregate in New Orleans schools. Her story is moving -- she was a very courageous child -- and remains a significant proof against intolerance (不宽容) of all kinds. Ruby’s photo brings out another powerful image on her website: Norman Rockwells symbolic painting for Look magazine on Jan. 14, 1964, “The Problem We All Live With.”

       Rockwell was an illustrator of exceptional skill and charm. He produced a vast number of unforgettable images over a long career, many of them involving children. His American kids are innocent and appealing, but often, at the same time, decidedly naughty. His method was to photograph his models, and the resulting paintings were photographic. But it is revealing to see how the artist slightly changed facial expressions from photo to oil painting in order to make his paintings communicate with the viewer. Communication, even persuasion, lay at the back of his work; this was art for effect.

       “The Problem We All Live With” belongs to Rockwell’s later work, when he began openly showing his strong belief in liberty. This is a highly persuasive image. Before he arrived at the final copy, one sketch (草图) shows the little girl closer to the two officers following her than to those in front. In the finished picture, the girl seems more determined, independent, and untouched. The unfriendly tomatoes thrown on the wall are behind her now, and she, is completely unaffected.

Ruby Nell was protected by officers on her way to school, because    .

       A.she was a little fighter against racism

       B.she was very young, short and timid

       C.she was the first black to study in an all-white school

D.she was chosen by the com t0be’wi’th white children

According to the passage, “The Problem We All Live With” is a(n)      .

       A.social program for American children

       B.famous painting by Norman Rockwell

       C.photo displayed on Ruby Bridges’ website

       D.exhibition at the Norman Rockwell Museum

The word “desegregate” in paragraph 2 probably means“    ”.

       A.fight against the white B.end racial separation

       C.struggle for freedom D.stop the black-white conflict

The main topic of this passage is    .

       A.how Rockwell encouraged Ruby to fight against racism

       B.how Ruby won her fight to go to an all-white school

       C.how Rockwell expressed his protest in .Iris work

       D.how persuasive Rockwell’s earlier work of art is

As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.
The 19 th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.
So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.
The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.
【小题1】What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

A.Small towns along the railways became abandoned.
B.Land in the West was hard to manage.
C.Some railroad stops remained underused.
D.Land grants went into private hands.
【小题2】What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?
A.The use of money and power.
B.The transmission of power.
C.The conservation of solar energy.
D.The selection of an ideal place.
【小题3】What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?
A.Disapproving.B.Approving.C.Doubtful.D.Cautious.
【小题4】Which is the best title for the passage?
A.How the Railways Have Affected the West
B.How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced
C.How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West
D.How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.
The 19 th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.
So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.
The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.
【小题1】What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

A.Small towns along the railways became abandoned.
B.Land in the West was hard to manage.
C.Some railroad stops remained underused.
D.Land grants went into private hands.
【小题2】What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?
A.The use of money and power.
B.The transmission of power.
C.The conservation of solar energy.
D.The selection of an ideal place.
【小题3】What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?
A.Disapproving.B.Approving.C.Doubtful.D.Cautious.
【小题4】Which is the best title for the passage?
A.How the Railways Have Affected the West
B.How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced
C.How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West
D.How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

Yousuf Karshthe Canadian portrait artist who photographed many of the most influential figures of the 20th centurydied in a Boston hospital on July l3 th2002He was 93

??? Working from a studio in OttawaKarsh produced famous portraits of such subjects as Winston ChurchillJohn FKennedyErnest Hemingway and Albert EinsteinActually he has become almost as famous as his legendary subjectsIn the latest edition of Who’s Whowhich listed the most notable people of the last centuryKarsh was the only Canadian of the 100 famous people listed——51 0f whom Karsh had photographed

??? As a master portraitistoften working in black and whiteKarsh was famous for talking to his subjects as he was getting the shot’s composition just rightasking them questions and putting them at easeIn preparationhe read as much as he could about the sittersbut avoided having the idea beforehand of how he would photograph themHe sought, as he wrote in Karsh Portfolio in 1967to capture the “essential element which has made them great” explaining“All I know is that within every mall a secret is hiddenand as a photographer, it is my task to reveal it if I can

Karsh was born in America in 1908and his uncleGeorge Nakashbrought him to John Garoall outstanding photographerto teach him in 1928Four years laterKarsh set up his own studio in Ottawa

In December of 1941his memorable portrait of Winston Churchill brought Karsh into international fameCanada’s Prime Minister Mackenzie King arranged for him to photograph Churchill following Churchill’s speech in the House of CommonsNot toldChurchill lit up a cigar, “Why was I not told of this?’’ Karsh asked him to remove the cigar andwhen he didn’tstepped forward and gently removed it with the comment“Forgive meSir”Churchill glowered (怒目而视) as the shot was takenthen permitted Karsh to take still another,jokingly commenting“You can even make a roaring lion stand still to be photographed” The Churchill portrait has since appeared in publications all over the world

??? Karsh traveled to London in 1943 with his portable studio —— an 8-by-10 view camera and many studio lamps to photograph such notables as George Bernard Shaw and the royal familyAll these portraits fully illustrate Karsh’s ability

1.What did Karsh seek to do most in working?

ACapture the essence and greatness of the character

BPresent the true and vivid expression of the subject

CMake the photograph more colorful and expressive

DReveal the idea he has got in preparing for the shot

2.The underlined word “sitters”in Para 3 probably means __________

Acharacters seated????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? Bsubjects questioned

Cmodels photographed????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? Dphotographs taken

3.The last three paragraphs are mainly developed by __________

Afollowing time order????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? Bproviding examples

Cmaking comparisons????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? Dgiving causes and effects

4.From the passagewe can learn that __________

AChurchill was asked to stand still when Karsh took a photograph of him

BChurchill’s portrait hanging in the House of Commons gave Karsh great fame

CKarsh was listed as one of the 100 notables by Who’s Who in the last century

DKarsh could skilfully adjust the subjects’ mood when photographing them

 

As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electrical generating(发电)and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around.

The 19 th century saw land grants(政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. With the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died.

Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.

So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed. Some species(物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects.

The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways.

The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.

1.What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?

A.Small towns along the railways became abandoned.

B.Land in the West was hard to manage.

C.Some railroad stops remained underused.

D.Land grants went into private hands.

2.What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?

A.The use of money and power.

B.The transmission of power.

C.The conservation of solar energy.

D.The selection of an ideal place.

3.What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants?

A.Disapproving.      B.Approving.         C.Doubtful.          D.Cautious.

4.Which is the best title for the passage?

A.How the Railways Have Affected the West

B.How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced

C.How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West

D.How the Problems of the Highways Have Been Settled

 

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