题目内容

If women are mercilessly exploited(剥削) year after year,they have only themselves to blame.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion,they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it,only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.
Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way,waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have.Skirts are lengthened or shortened;neck-lines are lowered or raised,and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society.Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth,comfort and durability(耐用).They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort,as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day,or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.
When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion,the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability?That is for you to decide.
【小题1】Designers and big stores always make money        .

A．by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry
B．because they are capable of predicting new fashions
C．by constantly changing the fashions in women’s clothing
D．because they attach great importance to quality in women’s clothing
【小题2】To the writer,the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as        .
A．a waste of money
B．a waste of time
C．an expression of taste
D．an expression of creativity
【小题3】The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the     of clothing.
A．costB．appearance
C．comfortD．suitability
【小题4】According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.
B．The constant changes in women’s clothing reflect their strength of character.
C．The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.
D．Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.


【小题1】C
【小题2】B
【小题3】C
【小题4】A

解析

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In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”- feeling important and worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure”—finding life enjoyable—are not always the same. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—what’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.

Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects. One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is  made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.

The concepts(概念)of mastery and pleasure can help us identify(找到)the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.

A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple（多项的）roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment—were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.

It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.

       A. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”

       B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”

       C. women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time

       D. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women

The author’s attitude towards women having a career is________.

       A. negative            B. positive                    C. neutral（中立的）    D. realistic

One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles,_____.

       A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain

       B. she will be more successful in her career

       C. her chances of getting promoted will be greater

       D. her life will be richer and more meaningful

Which of the following can be considered as a source of “pleasure” for women?

       A. Family life                                                  B. Multiple roles in society

       C. Regular employment                                    D. Freedom from anxiety

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Tips to keep a hearty conversation flowing

   On holidays we typically gather with our nearest and dearest. But    36    can be made, maintained and broken through the ways we talk to our loved  _37___, according to Deborah Tannen, a George-town University professor in linguistics（语言学）. She has suggestions   as to  how we can  38     communications at our festival dinner tables. Let’s take a look.

  ＊A  round dinning table is best for promoting a     39     conversation because

everyone   40      each other.

  ＊Avoid _41_ grandparents at the ends of a rectangular(长方形的) table, even though it is the traditional place of __42__. Elderly people may feel lonely there if they are unable to hear or keep __43__ a conversation.

  ＊__44__ prefer to face each other and make eye contact when they talk. In contrast, men tend to look around at other things. “Guys may be more   45     keeping gazing on the TV,” says Tannen. “They’ll still be _46__, though.”

  ＊Be aware that people have different ways of talking. Each person has a different __47__ of tone, rhyme, timing and how _48__ of a pause is normal in a conversation. Watch for people who seem left __49__. If you feel you are doing all the talking, hold back to give others a  50   .If you feel you aren’t getting a chance to speak, try pushing yourself to start  51     .

  ＊People sometimes get upset on big festivals _52 they stay too long in the apartment. Some families find that gatherings go more __53__ if they plan for some fun _54___. So why not get a breath of fresh air? Going to a park for a walk or taking a trip to the zoo may be more__55__ than just sitting around inside.

A. demands       B. relationships  C.   victories      D. mistakes

A. ones          B. those        C. others           D. them

A.  bother       B. delay        C.  damage        D. improve

A. lively         B. short         C.  calm          D. dull

A. scolds         B. blames       C. faces           D. annoys

A. checking       B. hiding        C. seating         D. hurting

A. pity           B. sorrow       C. intelligence      D. honor

A. up with        B. off          C.  away from      D.  out of

A. Grown-ups     B. Men         C. People          D. Women

A. surprised       B. relaxed       C. encouraged     D. upset

A. thinking        B. doubting     C. listening        D. looking

A. matter          B. sense        C. direction       D. point

A.  often         B.  long       C.  soon          D.  far

A.  out          B.  behind      C.  over          D.  off

A. reward        B. gift           C. hand           D. chance

A. talking        B  singing       C.  dancing       D. playing

A. until          B. if             C. though         D. since

A. naturally      B. coldly          C. quickly        D. smoothly

A. indoors       B. outside         C. inside          D. everywhere

A. abstract       B. bitter          C. enjoyable       D. cruel

Women nowadays do not just want to work to help meet the rising costs of living and education for their children. They also want a career that will enable them to bring out their skills and use their potentials so that they can experience a sense of fulfillment and pride that come from achievements and success. Some careers that have been traditionally dominated(支配)by the male species have been made open and filled up by women as well. It is no longer a surprising occurrence today to see many women working as pilots, astronauts, engineers, in construction sites, and in the printing business that operates high?tech machines.

Many women are also taking their chances on managerial and executive positions that mostly men are the ones sitting on. Many of them also do well in the line of education as teachers, deans and even presidents of universities. You can also see many women as lecturers and reviewers of different businesses. One example is that of the online printing company reviews where women usually have a say on what is the best choice for online printers for any marketing needs.

From the income that women are getting from their work, they are able to maintain a family and able to provide a better education for their children and able to enjoy a comfortable lifestyle.

However, there are still pronounced biases (偏见) against women in high leadership positions. There still exists the so?called gender?role stereotyping. Women need help to cope with and manage the typical stereotyping of women workers and managers. Those who look for jobs advertised in the classified sections of the newspaper often discover that many corporate positions are closed to women. And most often than not, many give preference to men by indicating in their ads phrases such as “male preferred” or “male applicants only”. Even in some family run or owned corporations, seldom can you see women managers and presidents.

Surveys show that although a man and a woman have the same level or handle the same position in an organization, the man would get a higher or bigger compensation package(薪酬) compared to women.? Because of this, many women are just contented，to be in subordinate positions in finance, human resources, sales, manufacturing and other supportive roles.

There are still other barriers that prevent women from reaching their full potentials in the world of employment. Our culture does not encourage women to excel in government and in business?related jobs. Women who are able to make it on top and handle leadership roles are sometimes regarded merely as tokens. The abilities and skills of women are normally questioned by their own peers, and sadly even by other women.

If you are a woman who have the interest, ability and drive to pursue management careers，career counseling is of great help to help you find direction and increase motivation to pursue your career goals. It will help you have the self?confidence to get you in the same career opportunities open to men in this society that still prefers men for top level positions.

1.From the first paragraph we know that women________.

A．work mainly to help meet the rising costs of living

B．want to provide their children with better education

C．also want to take some more challenging jobs

D．have taken up some work that men can do well

2.It can be inferred that in the past it was surprising to see women________.

A．taking jobs outside home

B．working as pilots or astronauts

C．educating their children at home

D．operating machines at home

3.The underlined word “subordinate” in the 5th paragraph has a similar meaning to“________”．

A．higher? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? B．lower

C．more rewarding? ????????????? ????????????? D．less demanding

4.What's the best title for the passage?

A．Women working out of houses

B．Women fighting against biases

C．Women getting larger income

D．Women aiming high in careers

 

 Nobody likes home economics (家政学). But restoring the program could help us in the fight against obesity and chronic (慢性的) diseases today.

The home economics movement was founded on the belief that housework and food preparation were important subjects that should be studied scientifically. The first classes occurred in the agricultural and technical colleges that were built in the 1860s. When most departments of universities rejected women, home economics was a back door into higher education.

Indeed, in the early 20th century, home economics was a serious subject When few people understood germ (微生物) theory and almost no one had heard of vitamins, home economics classes offered vital information about washing hands regularly, eating fruits and vegetables and not feeding coffee to babies.

However, today we remember only the fixed ideas about home economics, forgetting the movement’s most important lessons on healthy eating and cooking. Too many Americans simply don’t know how to cook. Our diets, consisting of highly processed foods made cheaply outside the home, have contributed to many serious health problems. In the last decade, many cities and states have tried to tax junk food heavily or to ban the use of food stamps (食品券) to buy soda. Clearly, many people are doubtful about any governmental steps to promote healthy eating. But what if the government put the tools of obesity prevention in the hands of children themselves by teaching them how to cook?

My first experience with home economics happened two decades ago when I was a seventh grader in a North Carolina public school. A year later, my father’s job took our family to Wales, where I attended a large school for a few months. It was the first time I had ever really cooked anything. I remember that it was fun, and with an instructor standing by, it wasn’t hard. Those lessons stuck with me when I first started cooking for my husband and myself after college and they still do. Teaching cooking in public schools can help solve some problems facing Americans t day. The history of home economics shows it’s possible.

1.Home economics______.

A. is a subject becoming more and more popular with Americans

B. is often used to help fight against obesity and chronic diseases

C. once offered women a. special approach to university education

D. was first taught in the agricultural and technical colleges in the early 1900s

2. The third paragraph mainly tells us______ .

A. the importance of regular hand washing

B. the health benefits of fruits and vegetables

C. the contents of home economics classes in the early 20th century

D. the significance of teaching home economics in the early 20th century

3. In the opinion of the author, how should we fight against childhood obesity?

A. Children should be taught how to cook.

B. A heavy tax should be put on junk food

C. Healthy eating should be promoted at school

D. Using food stamps to buy soda should be banned

4. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

A. Her family moved frequently in her childhood.

R Cooking classes have a far-reaching influence on her later life.

C. To receive a better education, she went to a large school in Wales.

D. Teaching cooking is the key to solving Americans’ health problems.

 

How to eat healthfully can be especially complex for working women who often have neither the desire nor the time to cook for themselves (or for anyone else )．Registered dietitian Barbara Morrissey suggests that a few simple rules can help.

“Go for nutrient－dense foods，”she suggests，“foods that contain a multiple of nutrients.  For example，select whole wheat bread as a breakfast food，rather than coffee cake. Or drink orange juice rather than orange drink，which contains only a small percentage of real juice—the rest is largely colored sugar water. You just can't compare the value of these foods, the nutrient－dense ones are so superior，”she emphasizes.

Morrissey believes that variety is not only the spice of life，it's the foundation of a healthful diet. Diets which are based on one or two foods are not only almost impossible to keep up the strength，they can be very harmful, she says, because nutrients aren't supplied in enough amounts or balance.

According to Morrissey，trying to find a diet that can cure your illnesses，or make you superwoman is a fruitless search.“ As women，many of us are too concerned with staying thin，”she says，and “we believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food.”

“We need carbohydrates，protein and fat－they are like the wood in the fireplace. The vitamins and minerals are like the match，the spark，for the fuel，”she explains.“ We need them all，but in a very different proportions（部分）. And if the fuel isn't there，the spark is useless.”

1.From the first paragraph we know that working women________.

A．think cooking is especially complicated

B．do not share the same views with registered dietitians

C．are busy and not interested in cooking

D．are likely to eat healthfully

2.Orange juice is different from orange drink because________.

A．it contains only a small percentage of real juice

B．it is natural，nutritious and prepared from real oranges

C．it is largely orange－colored sugar water

D．it produces nothing but calories

3.In Paragraph 4，“a fruitless search” means “____”．

A．an effort with no results

B．a search for a diet without fruits

C．a research on fruitless diet

D．a diet serving as medicine

4.Many women take it for granted，according to the passage that________.

A．a balanced diet can result in being fat

B．staying thin and healthy are both possible

C．lack of variety in diets leads to staying thin

D．vitamins are some kind of substitutions（代替物）for food

5.By saying “if the fuel isn't there，the spark is useless”，the author means “________”．

A．carbohydrates，protein and fat are enough to support a human life

B．vitamins and minerals are almost of no value

C．carbohydrates，protein and fat are as important as vitamins and minerals

D．without carbohydrates，protein and fat，vitamins and minerals are of no use

 

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