题目内容
"Colour" and "color","favourite" and "favorite"... Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a "u"? Is it because they are lazy?
Of course not. In fact,the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster (1758-1843). He is a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger. Linguists (语言学家) celebrated his 250th birthday on October 16. After the Revolutionary War (1775~ 1783),Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary,rather than rely on British versions (版本). He dropped the British "u" in some words. And he changed "centre" into "center" for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded.
Webster wasn't shy about expressing his opinions. In defining (定义) preposterous (unreasonable),he wrote: "A republican government in the hands of females is preposterous."
Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spellings. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom.
"He was the shaper of our language and the shaper of American identity,"said Joshua Kendall,who is working on a biography (传记) about Webster. "He at last bonded (联合)us through our language."
【小题1】Which of the following would probably be the best title for the passage?
A.The shaper of American English. |
B.American identity. |
C.Webster's dictionary. |
D.Spelling differences between American and British English. |
A.voicing his opinion | B.changing "centre" into "center" |
C.adding local words | D.dropping "u" in all the British words |
A.Interesting. | B.Meaningful. | C.Unfinished. | D.Boring. |
A.Because he wanted to make English simple and easy. |
B.Because he wanted to show that the USA is stronger than the UK. |
C.Because he wanted to achieve political freedom. |
D.Because he wanted American English to have its own characteristics. |
A.In 1758. | B.In 1783. | C.In 1800. | D.In 1828. |
【小题1】A
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
【小题5】C
解析试题分析:本文主要向读者介绍了美国英语的奠基人Noah Webster,以及他对美式英语的贡献。
【小题1】A 主旨大意题。本文主要向读者介绍了美国英语的奠基人Noah Webster,以及他对美式英语的贡献。故A正确。
【小题2】D 细节题。根据第二段第五行He dropped the British "u" in some words.说明他只是在一些单词里把U去掉,并没有把所有的单词里的U都去掉,故D的说法是错误的。
【小题3】B 推理题。根据文章第四段Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom. 说明他的工作对于美国人来说很重要,帮助美国人实现了自己文化方面的独立。是非常有意义的事情,故B正确。
【小题4】D 推理题。根据第二段He is a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger.
Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary,rather than rely on British versions (版本).说明他希望美国人有自己的文化而不是依赖英国人的版本。故D正确。
【小题5】C 计算题。根据第四段1,2行Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spellings.在1828年完成这部美式英语的字典之前他工作了28年,那么他是在1800年左右开始编写这部字典的。故C正确。
考点:考查人物传记类短文
点评:文章篇幅较短,内容易懂,除了细节题和主旨题,主要考查了推理题,注重综合语言能力的运用,结合语境,做出准确的判断。
If you see someone drowning, speed is very important. Once you get him out of the water, if he isn't breathing, you have four minutes before his brain is completely destroyed. Support his neck, move his head back and press his chin upwards. This stops the tongue blocking the airway in the throat and is sometimes enough to get him breathing again. If that doesn't work, start mouth-to-mouth breathing. Press his nostrils (the two holes at the end of your nose, through which you breathe and smell things) together with your fingers. Open your mouth and take a deep breath. Blow into his lungs until his chest rises, then remove your mouth and watch his chest fall. Repeat twelve times a minute. Keep doing until professional help arrives.
To bring a child back to life, keep your lips around his mouth and gently blow into his mouth. Give the first four breaths as quickly as possible to fill the blood with oxygen. If, in spite of your efforts, he starts turning a blue-grey colour, and you can feel no pulse(脉搏), then pressing is the last chance of saving his life.
With arms straight, rock forwards, pressing down on the lower half of the breastbone. Don't be too hard or you may break a rib. Check how effective you are by seeing if his colour improves or his pulse becomes independent to your chest pressing. If this happens, stop the pressing. Otherwise continue until rescue arrives.
【小题1】If you want to save someone drowning, you __________.
A.have to pull off his clothes first . |
B.should try to get him out of water as quickly as possible. |
C.should first make out who he is. |
D.ought to throw a life coat to him first . |
A.you have no more than 4 minutes to bring him to life again . |
B.his brain is completely damaged . |
C.he has passed away. |
D.there is no way to save his life . |
A.keep the tongue from blocking the airway in the throat . |
B.prevent the tongue from stopping the airway in the throat . |
C.wipe the tongue out of the throat . |
D.see if he can possibly be saved . |
A.press his chin upwards is enough to get him breathing . |
B.blow air into his mouth is sure to save his life . |
C.press his nostrils together with your fingers can work . |
D.press is the last chance of saving his life . |
A.Don’t stop pressing his chest, if the drowning man starts breathing again. |
B.If you see someone drowning, you must give him mouth-to-mouth breathing. |
C.If a man does not breathe for four minutes, his brain will be completely destroyed. |
D.When pressing, you can do it as hard as you can. |
The tea gardens in Sri Lanka are actually large estates(种植园). The best tea usually comes from plants grown on high grounds, the cool hilltops with rows and rows of tea plants. The plants are about one metre apart. The plant is often pruned so that it remains only 60 to 90 centimetres high. Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender hoots, or young leaves. It is from these shoots that the best in got.
Practically all the tea pickers are women. The estates like to employ women pickers because they are more careful. Their thin fingers can easily remove the twin leaves and new shoots from the plant, which are the parts used for processing(加工)tea. The pickers carry large baskets into which they throw their pickings. A skilled worker can harvest between 9 to 14 kilogrammes of tea leaves a day. Usually new shoots can be picked from the plants about every ten or fifteen days.
Processing tea shoots into the familiar dry tea leaves requires great care and skill. There are various methods of processing depending on the type of tea required. For black tea, the young green leaves are first spread out on shelves to dry. This process removes much of its water and the leaves become soft. After this, the leaves are passed through heavy rollers. This operation will press the leaves for juices which give the tea both its colour and taste. Then the leaves are spread out on floors and left to ferment(发酵)under wet conditions. Fermentation develops the rich taste of black tea. The fermented leaves are then dried with a hotair blower until they become rolledup black leaves. The final step is to sort and grade them before the black tea is ready for sale to countries all over the world.
【小题1】In the first paragraph, the word“pruning”means______.
A.regular cutting of the plants. | B.frequent watering |
C.regular use of chemicals | D.growing the plants high in the mountain |
A.they work harder than men do in picking |
B.they can throw their picking more easily into the baskets |
C.their fingers fit them better for the job |
D.they can move easily find the twin leaves |
A.Three. | B.Four. | C.Five. | D.Six. |
A.To introduce various methods of tea processing. |
B.To persuade readers to buy tea from Sri Lanka. |
C.To tell a story that had happened in the tea gardens. |
D.To inform readers of tea growing, picking and processing. |
“Colour” and “color”, “favourite” and “favorite”···Have you ever wondered why Americans spell those words without a “u”? Is it because they are lazy?
Of course not. In fact, the difference in spelling was created by Noah Webster (1758—1843). He is a teacher who reformed English to make American identity stronger. Linguists(语言学家) celebrated his 250th birthday on October 16. After the Revolutionary War(1775—1783), Webster believed that Americans should have their own dictionary, rather than rely on British versions(版本). He dropped the British “u” in some words. And he changed “centre” into “center” for children to learn English by spelling words more like they sounded.
Webster wasn’t shy about expressing his opinions. In defining(定义) preposterous, he wrote: “A republican government in the hands of females is preposterous.”
Webster spent 28 years on the project before completing the 70,000-word dictionary in 1828 with his American-style spellings. He also added local words. His dictionary was widely used in schools. Linguists believed it helped a new nation achieve unity and cultural independence at a time when most were focused on political freedom.
“He was the shaper of our language and the shaper of American identity,” said Joshua Kendall, who is working on a biography(传记) about Webster. “He at last bonded(联合) us through our language.”
【小题1】 According to the passage, when he worked on his dictionary, Noah Webster did all of the following EXCEPT______.
A.dropping “u” in all the British words |
B.changing “centre” into “center” |
C.adding local words |
D.expressing his opinion. |
A.In 1758 | B.In 1783 | C.In 1800 | D.In 1828 |
A.Because he wanted to make English simple and easy. |
B.Because he wanted American English to have it own characteristics(特征). |
C.Because he wanted to make American English the best in the world. |
D.Because he wanted to show that the USA is stronger than the UK. |
A.Interesting | B.Boring | C.Unfinished | D.Meaningful |
A.Webster |
B.American identity |
C.The shaper of American English |
D.Spelling difference between American and British English. |
The Peppered Moth, a kind of insect(昆虫), is found in England. It is light brown in colour and likes to settle(栖息) on trees which are also light brown. This makes the moth difficult to be seen and birds are less likely to notice and eat it.
But with the development of industry(工业) , smoke from factories began to reach the trees where the moth settled. It made the trees blacker. Then something very strange took place: in industrial areas, the Peppered Moth began to change colour. It became darker as well. Though the change took several years, some scientists soon notice that newly-born moths were a little darker than usual.
A scientist with the name Kettlewell decided to make a careful study of this phenomenon(现象). He marked some of the light moths and some of the darker ones, and set them free in the woods near Bermingham, an industrial city. Later, he recaptured(重新捕获) as many as the marked moths as possible. The results were as follows.
|
light moths |
darker moths |
Moths set free |
201 |
601 |
moths recaptured |
34(16%) |
206(34%) |
Kettlewell's research (研究) was done in the early 1950s. Soon afterwards Britain introduced new laws to reduce smoke and factory pollution.
Can you imagine what would happen to the Peppered Moth as the air became cleaner again?
1.The Peppered Moth began to change its colour in industrial areas because .
A.it itself liked to
B.it could be like the colour of its living-place
C.it had to keep the balance of nature
D.it was usually dark brown
2.From the results of Kettlewell's research, we can see that .
A.many more of the light moths were killed or eaten
B.more than one-fifth of the light moths was not killed
C.three times as many dark moths were kept safe as light ones
D.more dark moths were killed in industrial areas
3.As the air became cleaner, .
A.the number of the light moths became larger
B.the total number of the light moths remained unchanged
C.there were more of the darker moths and fewer of the light ones
D.the darker moths changed into the light ones suddenly