题目内容

5.Malaria (疟疾),the world's most widespread parasitic (寄生虫引起的) disease,kills as many as three million people every year-almost all of whom are under five,very poor,and African.In most years,more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease,although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't (or can't) seek care.It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment,and what they often get no longer works.In countries like Tanzania,Mozambique,and the Gambia,no family,village,hospital,or workplace can remain unaffected for long.
Malaria starts suddenly,with violent chills,which are soon followed by an intense fever and,often,headaches.As the parasites multiply,they take over the entire body.Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect (感染).They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain.If it doesn't kill you,malaria can happen again and again for years.The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite.Together,the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth-and one of the most successful.Malaria has five thousand genes,and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control.Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently,and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations.Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.
For decades,the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine,a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make.Unfortunately,in most parts of the world,malaria parasites have become resistant to it.Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available,but they have been in short supply and are very expensive.If these drugs should fail,nobody knows what would come next.
27.According to paragraph 1,many people don't seek care becauseA.
A.they are too poor
B.it is unusual to seek care
C.they can remain unaffected for long
D.there are too many people suffering from the disease
28.People suffering from malariaC.
A.have to kill female mosquitoes
B.have ability to defend parasites
C.have their red blood cells infected
D.have sudden fever,followed by chills
29.Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?D
A.Its resistance to global warming.
B.Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.
C.Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.
D.Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.
30.Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?D
A.How can we know one is suffering from malaria?
B.How many people are killed by malaria each year?
C.Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?
D.What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?

分析 文是一篇科教类阅读,文章主要介绍了痢疾对人的健康的危害,分析了人们患疟疾的原因,以及疟疾广泛传染的原因和痢疾的治疗方法.但由于新的治疗疟疾的药物缺乏并且很贵,所以大多数人不能用新的治疗方法治疗.

解答 27.A推断细节题.根据第一段中的"It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment,and what they often get no longer works."可知许多人不进行治疗的原因是他们太穷,没有钱治疗疟疾.故选A.
28.C细节理解题.根据第二段中的"Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect."可知人们患疟疾的原因是他们的红血球受到了感染.故选C.
29.D细节判断题.根据第二段中的"Malaria has five thousand genes,and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control."可知疟疾基因有五千,它能迅速改变来保护自己,并且抵制新型病毒,它的这些能力已变得几乎不可能被控制.由此可知,疟疾广泛传染的原因是它有保护自己和抵抗新药的能力.故选D.
30.D 正误判断题.根据短文的内容可判断出短文没有涉及"做什么来使人们长时间不感染?"故选D.

点评 本文是一个科教类阅读理解,题目涉及多道细节理解题,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.

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Matthew Walker at the University of California in Berkeley and his colleagues conducted the first study of brain activity in relation to food among sleep-deprived people.The team studied brain patterns in 23people,first after a night of peaceful sleep and then after a night without sleep.
Sleep deprivation reduced activity in three areas of the brain that help,among other things,to process flavour signals.It also led to more activity in the brain,which helps govern the desire to eat.The team also found that volunteers considered pictures of high-calorie foods as more desirable after no sleep than after a good rest.
It may make evolutionary(进化的) sense,says Laurent Brondel at the University of Burgundy in Dijon,France.The long summer days at higher latitudes(纬度) deprive animals of sleep,but they use their time awake to eat more,which helps them get through the short days of winter when there is not enough food.
That's only part of the story,though,says Stephanie Greer,another member of the team.The body does need more energy if someone remains awake for longer-but the high-calorie foods that become more desirable after sleep deprivation would more than meet this additional need.The changes in food desirability encouraged by the sleep-deprived brain may originally have been an important adaptation but today they no longer benefit our health.
Brondel agrees with this conclusion."Sleep deprivation could change eating behaviour,"he says.Whatever the cause,there's one clear message from the study."These findings provide opportunities to adjust our environment and behaviour in new ways to handle such health problems,"Greer says."Specifically,our study shows that one choice people can make is to regularly obtain enough amounts of sleep."
28.Why did Matthew Walker conduct the study about sleep-deprived people?D
A.To learn more about sleep patterns.
B.To warn of the danger of high-calorie foods.
C.To know the importance of getting enough rest.
D.To find relations between brain activity and food.
29.Which of the following is the correct cause-and-effect diagram?A
A.sleep→brain activity→appetite(胃口)
B.sleep→appetite→brain activity
C.brain activity→sleep→appetite
D.appetite→brain activity→sleep
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A.makes them evolve
B.does harm to their health
C.helps them survive winters
D.keeps them awake in winters
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A.The high-calorie foods are more desirable.
B.Sleep deprivation also has its bad effects.
C.Our body is in need of more energy.
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