题目内容

7.FIVE Americans swept the three Nobel Prizes in Physics,Chemistry,Physiology (生理学) or Medicine last week.It was the first American sweep of the Nobel science prizes since 1983.
It's rare for Americans not to receive any of the science prizes,especially in recent years.In 2004,seven Americans were among the 10laureates (获奖者) for the science prizes.Last year,the figure was five out of 10.
The huge sums of money invested in scientific research is one factor that has helped many Americans to win awards.Another reason is the vast number of researchers working in the US.American universities also often have a more"creative university environment"where people can focus on research for a long period without any pressure,said Anders Liljas,member of the Nobel Committee.

New hope for AIDS patients?
AMERICAN scientists Craig Mello (top) of the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Andrew Fire (above) of Stanford University School of Medicine won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine last Monday.Their discovery is a process that researchers hope to use to silence disease-causing genes (基因).It offers new ways for disease treatment.
Scientists now hope to develop a new technique that could be used to treat diseases,such as cancers,AIDS and Parkinson's disease.

Like father,like son?
AS the son of a Nobel Prize winning professor,Roger D.Kornberg (left) had a lot to live up to.But,nearly half a century after his father,won his award,Kornberg,59,a Stanford University professor,won his own last Wednesday:The Nobel Prize in Chemistry.His research into how cells read their genes is very important.It could help lead to the development of new drugs to fight cancer (癌症),heart disease and other illnesses,experts said.
First light of the universe
TWO Americans won the Nobel Prize in Physics last Tuesday for measuring the oldest light in the heavens.It is considered as"one of the greatest discoveries of the century".It convinced (使确信) scientists that the Big Bang theory (大爆炸理论) of the universe's origin is correct.George F.Smoot (top),61,of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley,and John C.Mather (above),60,of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre,will share the US1.4millionprizefortheirwork.Beginningin1989,theymeasuredweaklightthatoriginated(源于)asearlyas380,000 years after the Big Bang.

48.What does the underlined word"swept"in Paragraph 1 meanD?
A.cleaned by brushing  B.crossed completely  C.spread quickly  D.took each of the winning
49.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passageB?
A.Craig Melloand Andrew Fire have found the way to cure cancers,AIDSandParkinson's disease.
B.RogerD.Kornberg's father once won a NobelPrize. 
C.GeorgeF.Smootwill get US 1.4million prize for his work.
D.Roger D.Kornberg is the youngest of the Nobel Prize owners of this time.
50.The passage is probably taken fromB.
A.a science report                 B.a news report
C.a history lecture                 D.an advertisement.

分析 本文是一篇新闻报告,主要讲述了获得诺贝尔科学奖的五位美国科学家.他们分别是:获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的 Craig Mello--他发现可以用沉默致病基因治疗疾病;获得诺贝尔化学奖的Roger D.Kornberg--他研究了细胞是如何读取基因,以及他的父亲和获得诺贝尔物理学奖的George F.Smoot 和 John C.Mather--他们测量了天空中最古老的光,使科学家们确信大爆炸理论是正确的.

解答 48.D   词义猜测题.根据第二段In 2004,seven Americans were among the 10 laureates (获奖者) for the science prizes.Last year,the figure was five out of 10.可知美国科学家占了诺贝尔科学奖相当多的人数.故文章使用"swept横扫"一词,即各个奖项都有美国科学家获取了,故选D.
49.B   推理判断题.根据倒数第三段As the son of a Nobel Prize winning professor,Roger D.Kornberg (left) had a lot to live up to.But,nearly half a century after his father,won his award,可知作为诺贝尔奖获得者的儿子Roger D.Kornberg也不负众望,获得自己的奖项.说明Roger D.Kornberg的父亲也获得过诺贝尔奖,故选B.
50.B   推理判断题.根据本文介绍了有五位美国科学家获得诺贝尔科学奖.A"科学报告"、C"历史讲座"、D"广告"三项可排除.故本文应为一篇新闻报告,故选B.

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力,抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,能根据已知的结果推测导致结果的可能原因.

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1.I am a vegetarian(素食主义者).Many people are quick to think of vegetarianism as strange behavior.I treasure our Earth,and since we only have one,we should protect it and the wildlife that lives on it.But that's only one of the reasons to be a vegetarian.
Vegetarians may live longer,healthier lives.There is a connection between red meat consumption and various diseases.From an economic standpoint,it requires less land,money and energy to produce foods for a vegetarian diet.While there are many benefits to being a vegetarian,only a handful of those who attempt to adopt this lifestyle succeed.
The most important quality required to be a vegetarian is firmness since surrounded by the temptation of meat,we tend to give up vegetarianism easily.Creativity is almost as important as commitment.It's easy to tire of eating nothing but salad.But with a little creativity and some soy products,almost any meal can become vegetarian-friendly.
Not everyone wants to be vegetarian.Accepting this is part of being a vegetarian with style.Forcing your beliefs on others is disrespectful.Stylish vegetarians should also be able to turn down a meaty dish politely without annoying their hosts.
Being a successful vegetarian has been easy for me,but it may not be so for others.A common mistake is quitting before your body has adjusted to the change.It can be difficult to keep the lifestyle in the beginning because of temptation.However,it fades over time.Another common mistake is quitting because you've been misinformed about the nutritional wisdom of being a vegetarian.That's why it is vital to be educated.Countless people will tell you that it's impossible to obtain the nutrients and protein(蛋白质)your body requires without meat,but they are incorrect.People actually need only 44-55grams of protein a day,and that is easily found in a vegetarian diet.Many meat eaters are consuming three times that amount,which is not beneficial.It leads to diseases.Vegetables can also supply all the vitamins,minerals and nutrients your body needs.However,if you're still not convinced,you can take a multi-vitamin.

41.According to the passage,being a vegetarian helpsA.
A.protect the wildlife
B.free people from diseases
C.rid people from strange behaviors
D.develop a better economy
42.What's the underlined word temptation in Paragraph 3closest in meaning to?B
A.Unpleasant taste
B.Extreme attraction
C.Great consumption
D.Significant importance
43.Stylish vegetarians do notA.
A.force others to be vegetarians
B.respect other people's beliefs
C.turn down hosts gracefully
D.refuse an offer of meat
44.Which of the following is NOT true?D
A.Many people give up before their bodies can adjust to the transition.
B.Many people quit because they're poorly educated about nutrition.
C.Consuming 150grams protein a day can be harmful.
D.Vegetarians need multi-vitamins to keep healthy.
45.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?C
A.Reasons why the author became a vegetarian.
B.Important qualities required to be a vegetarian.
C.Advantages and disadvantages of being a vegetarian.
D.Common mistakes on the way to being a vegetarian.
19."The way we choose to respond when others make mistakes can cause them to feel ashamed or can allow them to remember our kindness and share our stories with future generations."
--Michelle Sedas
When I read the above quote I couldn't help but(41)B Doris.She had been a science teacher by(42)C,but she also was a very(43)A person.All around her room were dolls that she had made.They were the most interesting dolls I'd ever seen;each was very(44)B from the other.
By talking to Doris I learned she'd(45)C a class in doll making.One day while I was in her room she took one of the dolls out of the case to(46)D me.This doll was very(47)D with fine artistic work.I was (48)D that anyone could do such unique work.
As Doris was (49)A the doll carefully in her hand,I could see a slight break in the skirt.I was(50)Cto know what happened.Doris said that on the way to class she(51)D the side of the skirt.She expressed how scared she was and almost didn't go to(52)A at all.When it came her(53)C to show the doll to the teacher,she had to point out the(54)B in the skirt.Doris felt for sure that the doll would be(55)A because of it.Much to her surprise the teacher told her she was just going to (56)B this break and grade the doll on the other good(57)D it had.Doris shared that this remark and(58)C from the teacher changed her life.
This teacher could have mde Doris feel(59)A by her mistake.But (60)B her willingness to ignore the mistake,Doris was sharing her kindness with the next generation.
41.A.give upB.think ofC.turn downD.call on
42.A.birthB.accidentC.professionD.mistake
43.A.creativeB.generousC.energeticD.conservative
44.A.farB.differentC.freeD.safe
45.A.preparedB.quittedCtakenD.organized
46.A.flatterB.upsetC.comfortD.show 
47.A.commonB.cheapC.expensiveD.unusual
48.A.disappointedB.annoyedC.terrifiedD.amazed
49.A.turningB.bendingC.mendingD.shaking
50.A.sorryB.proudC.curiousD.content
51.A.burnedB.decoratedC.replacedD.bumped 
52.A.classB.churchC.hospitalD.work
53.A.honorB.taskC.turnD.choice
54.A.spotB.breakC.holeD.patch
55.A.rejectedB.appreciatedC.destroyedD.removed
56.A.valueB.ignoreC.noticeD.assess
57.A.talentsB.quantitiesC.varietiesD.qualities
58.A.responsibilityB.habitC.attitudeD.standard
59.A.ashamedB.shockedC.puzzledD.overjoyed
60.A.as forB.because ofC.in spite ofD.apart from
2.The World Health Organization reports a number of people have died of the Ebola virus in central Africa during the last few months.Ebola,also known as Ebola hemorrhagic (出血) fever or Ebola viral disease.is a rare and deadly illness with high death rates in humans and primates.The natural source of Ebola virus remains unknown,although bats seem to be the most likely source.
The Ebola virus began spreading after victims were discovered in northeastern Cabon.So far,it is the third time Ebola has spread through Cabon since 1994.Health officials believe people moving across the border spread the disease from Cabon co Congo Ebola is highly infectious and kills up to 80% of its victims.Researchers do not know the method with which the virus first appears in humans,but they believe it is through infected animals.The disease then spreads from person to person through blood and other body liquids.
Ebola victims treated early have the base chance of survival.Signs of Ebola include a high temperature,diarrhea,muscle pains and bleeding inside the body.in severe cases,victims experience chest pains and death.There is no known cure for the disease and no way yet to prevent it.
Scientists at the American National institutes of Health are working to develop a vaccine(疫苗) to prevent Ebola.Doctor Cary Nobel is leading the research effort at N-l-H testing center in the eastern state of Maryland.He says that during the past two years,the vaccine has been tested on small animals and monkey a for safety and effectiveness.
In the most recent study,four monkeys who had been given the vaccine were completely protected from a deadly injection of the Ebola virus.the study was described in November in Nature magazine.Doctor Nobel says the tests appear to have moved scientists one step closer to a vaccine for humans.
28.Where does the Ebola virus come fromD?
A.Bats.B.Monkeys.C.Infected humans.D.Something unknown.
29.When infected with Ebola virus,people may experience the following exceptA.
A.heart attack B.a rise in temperature
C.chest pains D bleeding inside the body
30.What can we learn from the passageB?
A.Once infected with the Ebola virus.people can never survive.
B.Half of the Ebola victims will lose their lives.
C.No cure has been found for the disease.
D.Scientists have succeeded in preventing Ebola.
31.What is Doctor Nobel's attitude towards the testsB?
A.Discouraged.B.Positive.C.Doubtful.D.Not mentioned.
12.Like most creatures on earth,humans come equipped with a circadian clock (生物钟),a roughly 24-hour internal timer that keeps our sleep patterns in agreement with our planet,at least until genetics,age and our personal habits get in the way.Even though the average adult needs eight hours of sleep per night,there are"short-sleepers,"who need far less,and morning people,who,research shows,often come from families of other morning people.Then there's the rest of us who rely on alarm clocks.
For those who fantasize about greeting the dawn,there is hope.Sleep experts say that with a little training,well actually,a lot of traning,most people can reset their circadian clocks.But it's not as simple as forcing yourself to go to bed earlier,for you can't make a wide-awake brain sleep.It requires inducing (诱导) a sort of jet lag without leaving your time zone.And sticking it out until your body clock resets itself.And then not resetting it again.
To start,move up your wake-up time by 20minutes a day.If you regularly rise at 8a.m.,but really want to get moving at 6a.m.,set the alarm for 7:40on Monday.The next day,set it for 7:20and so on.Then,after you wake up,don't stay in bed.Hit yourself with light.In theory,you'll gradually get sleepy about 20minutes earlier each night,and you can facilitate the transition by avoiding extra light exposure from computers or televisions as you near bedtime.
But recalibrating your inner clock requires more commitment than many people care to give.For some,it's almost impossible.Very early risers and longtime night owls (猫头鹰) have a hard time ever changing.Night-shift workers also struggle because they don't get the environmental and social cues that help adjust the circadian clock.
Besides computer screens,the biggest trouble for an aspiring person is weekend.Staying up later on Friday or sleeping in on sends the brain an entirely new set of scheduling priorities.By Monday,a 6a.m.alarm will feel like 4a.m..If the old phase was entrained for a long time,the biology has a kind of memory.In other words,it takes self-discipline.

63.According to the passage,a circadian clock usuallyA.
A.regulates one's sleep patterns
B.affects one's personal habits
C.determines one's sleep qualities
D.replaces an alarm clock
64.For those who want to get up earlier,C.
A.there is no possibility
B.it takes little effort
C.it needs to creat a feeling of jet lag
D.the best way is to go to bed earlier
65.To form the habit of getting up 2hours eralier,you'd betterC.
A.get up immediately you wake up
B.avoid light exposure when you wake up
C.start by setting your alram clock for exactly the time
D.force yourself to go to bed as eraly as possible
66.Which of the following factors may affect one's change of a circadian clock most?D
A.Light.
B.Computer.
C.Television.
D.Weekend.

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