题目内容
(B)
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture”.
Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.
Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.
69.Which of the following statements would the supporters of the “nature” theory agree with?
A.A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions.
B.Environment is important in determining a person’s behavior and personality.
C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.
D.The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act.
70.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article____________.
A.supports the nature theory
B.supports the nurture theory
C.believes both are completely wrong
D.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories.
71.In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.
B.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.
C.Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.
D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.
69-71 C D B
解析
Everyone needs friends. We all like to feel close to someone. It is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with. Surely, there are times when we need to be alone. We don't always want people around. But we would feel lonely if we never had a friend.
No two people are the same. Sometimes friends don't get along well, which doesn't mean that they no longer like each other. Most of the time they will go on being friends. Sometimes friends move away, then we feel very sad. We miss them much, but we can call them and write to them. Maybe we would never see them again, and we can make new friends. It is surprising to find out how much we like new people when we get to know them. Families sometimes name their children after a close friend. Many places are named after men and women, if they are friendly to people in a town. Some libraries are named this way. So are some schools. We think of these people when we go to these places.
There's more good news for people, if they have friends. These people live longer than those people if those don't have friends. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well. Or it could be just knowing that someone cares, if someone cares about you, you take better care of yourself.
1. The first paragraph tells us __________.
A.none needs friends |
B.we always need friends around us |
C.making friends is the need in people's life |
D.we need to be alone |
2. Which of the following is what the writer doesn't say in the passage?
A.People are happy when their friends leave them. |
B.People may never see their friends after their friends move away. |
C.People can know their friends in different ways. |
D.People like their friends very much if they get to know them. |
3. Which of the following is the most probable place people name after friendly people?
A.A house. |
B.A room. |
C.A library. |
D.A village. |
4. If people have friends, they would live longer, because __________.
A.they feel happier and healthier |
B.they get a lot of help from their friends |
C.they take better care of themselves |
D.both A and C |
5. This passage tells us __________.
A.that people are all friends |
B.that people need friends |
C.how to get to know friends |
D.how to name a place |