A healthy amount of sunshine may be the secret to staying young. British scientists have discovered. Vitamin D is produced naturally by the skin in response to sunlight and may help to slow the ageing 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

A healthy amount of sunshine may be the secret to staying young. British scientists have discovered.

Vitamin D is produced naturally by the skin in response to(对…的反应) sunlight and may help to slow the ageing process and protect against heart disease, according to the study.

Researchers from King’s College London studied 2,160 women aged between 18 and 79, looking at their telomeres--- a biological marker of ageing found in DNA. As people get older, their telomeres get shorter and they become more susceptible(易受伤害的) to certain illnesses.

But the study found women with high levels of vitamin D had comparatively longer telomeres--- a sign of being biologically younger and healthier.

The study suggests vitamin D may help to slow down the ageing process of DNA, and therefore the ageing process as a whole.

Lead researcher Dr Brent Richards said, “These results are exciting because they show for the first time that people who have higher levels of vitamin D may age more slowly than people with lower levels of vitamin D.” This could help to explain how vitamin D has a protective effect on many ageing related diseases, such as heart disease and cancer.”

Professor Tim Spector, a co-author of the report, added, “Although it might sound absurd

(荒唐的), it’s possible that the same sunshine which may increase our risk of skin cancer may also have a healthy effect on the general ageing process.”

Vitamin D made by the action of sunlight on the skin accounts for 90 percent of the body’s supply, but lower levels can also be got through food such as fish, eggs and breakfast cereals(粥).

Other studies have suggested the vitamin plays a key role in protecting against cancer and heart disease.

1. A certain amount of sunshine helps people stay young because _____.

A. people feel happy and energetic in the sun

B. sunshine protects people against heart disease

C. vitamin D makes one’s skin look young and healthy

D. vitamin D may help to slow the ageing process

2.From Brent Richards, we know that _____.

A. sunlight causes skin cancer to people with high level of vitamin D

B. the study generally has a healthy effect on the general ageing process

C. vitamin D can only be got from fish, eggs and breakfast cereals

D. the higher levels of vitamin D people have, the more slowly people may age

3.What can we infer from the passage?

A. Telomeres are important signs of ageing of the DNA.

B. Sunlight can be dangerous as it causes skin cancer.

C. Sunlight does a great deal of good to our health.

D. Vitamin D can also be gained from food.

4. What is the best title of the passage?

A. Secret of Staying Young B. Vitamin D Helps Slow Ageing

C. Sunlight and Vitamin D D. Sunlight and Health

【答案】

1.D

2.D

3.C

4.B

【解析】略

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As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.

Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.

The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between "flight or fight" and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we can't remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it.

People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because _____.

A. they regard working as their greatest enjoyment

B. they believe that work is superior to relaxation

C. they are traveling fast all the time

D. they are becoming busier with their work than ever before

According to the author, the most important character for a good manager is his _____.

A. strong will to hold out stress

B. knowing the art of relaxation

C. high sense of responsibility

D. having control over performance

Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

A. We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.

B. Stress is always harmful to people's health

C. It's easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.

D. Different people can bear different amount of stress.

In the last sentence of the passage, “do so” refers to _____.

A. "expose ourselves to stress"

B. "find ways to deal with stress"

C. "remove stress from our lives"

D. "establish links between diseases and stress"

According to the author, the right attitude toward stress is _____.

A. to avoid it

B. to try to cope with it

C. to regard it as a vital motivation

D. to find some relaxation

Healthy eating begins with learning how to “eat smart”. It’s not just what you eat，.　　　　 how you eat. Pay attention to what you eat and choosing foods that are both nourishing　　　　 enjoyable helps support an overall healthy diet.

Take time to chew your food： Chew your food slowly， savoring every bite. We tend to rush through our meals， forgetting to actually taste the flavors and feel the textures(质地) of 　　　 is in our mouths. Reconnect with　　 joy of eating.

Avoid stress while eating： Avoid eating while working， driving， arguing， or watching TV. Try taking some deep breaths before beginning your meal， or light candles and play soothing music to create a relaxing atmosphere.

Listen to your body： Ask 　　　　 if you are really hungry. You may really be thirsty， so try drinking a glass of water first. During a meal， stop eating before you feel full. It actually takes a few minutes 　　　　 your brain to tell your body that it has had 　　　　 food， so eat slowly.

Eat early： Starting your day　　　　 a healthy breakfast can jumpstart your metabolism(新陈代谢)， and eating early in the day gives your body time to work those calories off.

The US government has started a website, Admongo, to help children think critically about the advertising aimed at them. It claims to provide visitors with an “aducation” through games and other entertainment.

A cartoon man dressed in old time pilot clothing greets visitors to Admongo. "Call me Haiz", he says upon arrival in a rocket ship that opens up with a crazy world inside it. Spacey dance music plays in the background as Haiz tells visitors that they need to learn about advertising.

Its inventors say eight to twelve years old is the age kids develop their critical thinking abilities. Kids that age are also a big market for advertisers.

The idea behind Admongo is to teach children three things: To identify the advertiser. To know what the advertiser is really saying. And to know what the advertisement is trying to get the child to do.

Children learn these things through a video game. They create their own game character. They can choose different skin colors, hair styles, eye and mouth shapes. Then they begin a trip through ad-land, where there are ads on buses and billboards. The players have to find all the marketing in the neighborhood before they can move on to the next level.

The Admongo game takes players inside a home, to the advertising studio and everywhere else ads can be found. It is a complete exploration of the world of marketing.

One such area is food marketing. The Federal Trade Commission(FTC) says it is a big business. The FTC estimates that food, drink and fast-food restaurants spent more than one and a half billion dollars on advertising to young people in 2009.

The FTC says children are important for three reasons. They buy products. They influence parents and caregivers to buy. And they are the future adult buyers of the products.

A recent study says most advertising aimed at children is for foods of the lowest nutritional value. First Lady Michelle Obama has said she would like to see advertisers marketing healthy foods for children.

What is the best title of the text?

A. The guide of Admongo

B. An aducation website for children

C. A popular online video game

D. A website aimed at children

Why did the government start the website?

A. To attract the biggest market of buyers.

B. To sell the products of its company.

C. To help children know about advertising.

D. To advertise the video game for children.

What can players do in the website game?

A. Choose hair styles for their character.

B. Travel to a supermarket.

C. Eat in a fast-food restaurant.

D. Play video games during the trip.

Children are important for advertising because they are .

A. important for the society

B. the most potential buyers

C. easily influenced by ads

D. easily affected by poor products

According to Michelle Obama, lots of food advertised for children are ________.

A. healthy B. of high nutrition

C. yummy D. of low quality

Below is some advice on how to prevent cancer:

8 Ways to Avoid Cancer in Your Life

1. Eat Blueberries

Aside from being a healthy and delicious snack, blueberries contain pterostilbene, which has important colon（结肠） cancer-fighting prosperities. But wait, it gets better. Blueberries also offer a large dose of vitamins C (14 milligrams per cup). So at breakfast, try to take in a cup and a half of blueberries in your cereal or yogurt, or mixed with other berries.

2. Drink Pomegranate（石榴）Juice

The deep red juice of the pomegranate contains polyphenols, isoflavones and ellagic acid, which together create a powerful anticancer mixture. Most recently, researchers from the University of Wisconsin at Madison has discovered that 16 ounces of pomegranate juice per day also may inhibit the growth of lung cancer.

3. Relax

Feeling stressed or worried? Find ways to relax and you may reduce your chances of developing cancer. Purdue University researchers tracked 1,600 men over 12 years and found that half of those with high levels of worry died during the study period. Only 20 percent of the optimists died before the study were completed, while 34 percent of the extremely anxious men died of some type of cancer. Instead of stressing about the past or future, focus on the present and relax!

4. Take Selenium（硒）

Selenium is well known for its cancer-fighting properties. In a study of almost 1,000 men, researchers from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute found that when men with the lowest initial levels of selenium in their bodies received a daily supplement over a 4 year period, they cut their prostate（前列腺） cancer risk by a remarkable 92 percent. However, it is possible to get too much of a good thing, so monitor your intake of selenium-containing supplements, Brazil nuts, tuna, meats and grains carefully.

5. Eat Sushi（寿司）

Seaweed may not be your idea of a great snack, but it is high in fiber, calcium and iron, and dry, roasted seaweed sheets used in sushi provide the additional benefits of vitamins A and C. Sushi rolls are also high in protein— a typical spicy tuna roll has only 290 calories but packs 24 grams of protein. So don’t skimp（节省）on the Sushi!

6. Enjoy the Outdoors

Vitamin D causes early death of cancer cells. A study published in the American Journey of Clinical Nutrition reported that women who supplemented their diets with 1,000 international. Units of vitamin D every day had a 60 percent to 77 percent lower incidence of cancer ever a four-year period that did women taking a placebo(无效对照剂). Experts recommend supplementing your fun in the sun with 1,100 to 2,000IU of vitamin D each day.

7. Breathe Clean Air

There’s no question that secondhand smoke kills. A recent American Journal of Public Health study showed that nonsmokers working in smoky places had three times the amount of carcinogen（致癌物质） in their urine（尿） than nonsmokers working in smoke-free locations. What’s worse, their levels of the carcinogen rose 6 percent for every hour worked. Nine states have banned smoking in all workplaces, bars and restaurants. The message is clear: Do whatever you can to avoid the cloud of smoke.

8. Break a Sweat

Even a small amount of exercise can offer major cancer-fighting benefits. In a study of 29,110 men published in the International Journal of Cancer, men who exercised just once a week had a percent lower risk of metastasis(转移性) prostate cancer than men who didn’t work out at all. The better the frequency, duration and intensity of the exercise, the bigger the reduction in risk, according to the study.

1.To prevent yourself from catching colon cancer, you should eat ____ as often as possible.

A．sushi B．blueberries C．pomegranates D．Vitamin D

2. A person is very likely to catch some type of cancer if ______.

A．he is very fond of exercise every day.

B．he is addicted to smoking

C．he is always feeling extremely stressed or worried

D．he likes to have meals in restaurants

3. _____ will remarkably reduce the risk of men’s prostate cancer.

A．Having a daily supplement of selenium

B．Drinking a cup of pomegranate juice every day

C．Breathing fresh air now and then

D．Taking exercise at least once a week

4.If you want to keep cancer away, it is particularly important to ______.

A．have a daily supplement of vitamins B and C

B．try to ignore the secondhand smoking

C．take in as many selenium-containing supplements as possible

D．having exercise as often as possible

Eat to Excel

How fit are you? Do you look after yourself? Do you eat healthily or do you eat anything you like? Premier League football club Aston Villa are encouraging their players and local children to eat healthy food. They know that what you eat is the key to success.

How fit is a footballer?

Could you run ten kilometers in 90 minutes? A professional footballer can. Footballers have to be strong, quick, skillful and creative in their moves. Every Premier League club makes sure it has a good coaching scheme and a well-planned fitness program. They also ensure that players have the practice and training that will prepare them for matches. What else do you think clubs pay special attention to? A good stadium? Anything else? What about the food they eat?

Eating the right thing

A good diet is a fundamental part of sport these days. Aston Villa manager Martin O’Neill’s sport and health experts have chosen a secret weapon --- organic food (food grown without chemicals). Fitness manager Jim Henry eats with his players and said: “I chose to switch to organic food for Aston Villa because I’ve read studies showing that organic food has higher levels of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.” He believes that the best way to get these is to eat the very best fresh food.

What to eat after the match

Head chef at Aston Villa, lan Edge, feeds players with the best food as soon as they finish an away match. He says: “Food is very important to sports stars and particularly after a game. There is an hour of opportunity when they need to eat to get the best muscle strength, so I hand out meals on the coach on the way home. If we can make one per cent difference to the players by using organic food, then it is worth it.”

Teaching healthy eating

Everyone at Aston Villa enjoys organic food at their training ground. But the club is also worried about the unhealthy diet among local children who prefer sweets and unhealthy fast food. As part of their work in the community, Aston Villa has opened up their kitchen and invited children from local schools to come and learn how to cook with the help of the Villa head chef. Villa midfielder, Nigel ReoCoker, visited the children on the opening day. “The kitchen promotes healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle.” he said.

A final word from the kitchen

Head chef Ian says: “Footballers know how important food is to their profession and nine times out of ten, they go for the healthiest option.” Do you watch your diet? If you do and you keep yourself fit, you can be a winner!

1.Every Premier League Club provides footballers with ______________.

A. a good coach

B. a fitness center

C. proper practice and training

D. a delicious diet

2.According to Jim Henry, ___________________.

A. he believes the studies he has read about organic food

B. he will only eat organic food with his players

C. he thinks food is especially important after a game

D. he chose organic food as a secret weapon for footballers

3.We can learn from the passage that ___________________.

A. people can make one percent difference to players by using organic food

B. only a few footballers pay attention to the healthy eating

C. footballers in Aston Villa usually eat on their way to the match

D. footballers in Aston Villa usually eat some food within an hour after a match.

4.Why has Aston Villa invited children from local schools?

A. Because they want to teach kids how to cook delicious food.

B. Because they want to teach kids to play football.

C. Because they are fond of the kids in the community.

D. Because they intend to promote healthy eating.

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