题目内容
【题目】Translation
【1】在任何情况下，坚持原则、明辨是非都是明智的行为。(sense)
【2】发展中国家越来越多的人日收入超过1.9美元，象征着他们已经摆脱了极度贫困。(indicate)
【3】微信朋友圈的照片常常让人看了非常羡慕朋友们的生活，但他们的实际生活可能并不像照片看上去的那么吸引人。(as…as…)
【4】在高中毕业的这一刻，回首往事，我们再怎么感谢师长的教诲、同学的帮助和学校的包容都不为过。(cannot…too)
【答案】
【1】It makes sense in any circumstance to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong.
【2】More and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day, which indicates they are living above the extreme.
【3】The pictures posted on Wechat Moments often make people envy their friends’ lives very much, but their real lives might not be as attractive as the pictures showed us.
【4】At the moment of graduation from Senior High School, recalling the past, we cannot be too grateful to teachers for their guidance, to classmates for their help and to the school for her tolerance.
【解析】
【1】
考查It makes sense(that)…句型。分析句子可知，真正的主语是不定式to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong, 用It makes sense (that)…这一句型中it作形式主语，条件状语是in any circumstance；再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：It makes sense in any circumstance to hold onto principle and distinguish right from wrong.
【2】
考查动词indicate及which引导的非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，主语为从句more and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day，谓语为indicates(表明)，宾语为从句they are living above the extreme，此处that省略了；which引导的非限制性定语从句指代前边整个句子，再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：More and more people in developing countries can earn more than 1.9 dollars a day, which indicates they are living above the extreme.
【3】
考查as+adj./adv.+as结构。分析句子可知，句子由表示转折关系的并列连词but连接，but之前的句子主语为the pictures posted on Wechat Moments，谓语为make，宾语为people，宾语补足语为envy their friends’ lives。but之后的句子主语为their real lives，谓语为might not be，表语为as attractive as the pictures showed us。as+ adj./adv. +as表示同级比较，第一个as后加形容词attractive，第二个as后加比较对象。再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：The pictures posted on Wechat Moments often make people envy their friends’ lives very much, but their real lives might not be as attractive as the pictures showed us.
【4】
考查cannot…too结构。分析句子可知，主语为we，系动词为be，表语为grateful，be grateful to“对……心存感激”，to后加感激的对象teachers for their guidance, classmates for their help and the school for her tolerance，时间状语为at the moment of graduation from Senior High School。用cannot…too表示“再……也不为过”，这一双重否定表肯定的句型用来强调；再根据其它汉语提示，故翻译为：At the moment of graduation from Senior High School, recalling the past, we cannot be too grateful to teachers for their guidance, to classmates for their help and to the school for her tolerance.
【题目】请认真阅读下列短文， 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 每个空格只填 1 个单词。 请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。
Driverless cars used to be the sort of thing you’d see in sci-fi films, but in 2020 they’re becoming a reality. Autonomous car technology is already being developed by the likes of Lexus, BMW and Mercedes, and we’ve even tested Tesla’s driverless Autopilot system on UK roads. Across the Atlantic, Google is developing its automated technology in the wild, and Apple is rumoured to be working with BMW on its own-probably automated-car.
Fully-driverless tech is still at an advanced testing stage, but partially automated technology has been around for the last few years. Executive saloons like the BMW 7 Series feature automated parking, and can even be controlled remotely.
With so much investment and interest in driverless technology, it’s easy to assume that self-operating cars are likely to happen soon, but they’re much further away than we might think. Before driverless vehicles go to market widely, manufacturers must deal with a range of technical and ethical challenges, and prevent the biggest threat to autonomous technology: humans.
The human problem
Humans present problems for autonomous cars as both drivers and pedestrians, and dealing with our unpredictable behaviour represents a significant challenge for the technology.
The Google Car is one of the most experienced autonomous vehicles. Even so, its interaction with human drivers has given rise to the exposure of one of driverless cars’ main weaknesses. The first injury involving the Google Car wasn’t due to a fault in its system, but human-error. While correctly waiting at traffic lights, Google’s self-driving car was hit by an inattentive driver and, in spite of its sophisticated array (复杂精密的数组) of sensors, there was little it could do to avoid the incident. Luckily, the accident only resulted in minor injury for a few of the passengers, but it’s a reminder that autonomous cars are at risk when surrounded by human road users.
Despite their sophisticated systems, self-driving cars currently have no plan B for human road users. Human drivers are able to interact with each other and make allowances, but also make countless, small mistakes when driving-mistakes to which current self-driving cars simply can’t adapt.
Dealing with pedestrians
The way human drivers interact with pedestrians raises difficult moral and ethical questions for car manufacturers-with implications.
Autonomous cars need to understand the way pedestrians behave, while also imitating the behaviour they’d expect from a human driver. “Everyone has a knowledge of how a human being is going to react, because we are all human beings,” says computer ethics commentator Ben Byford. “So if you walk out in front of a car, and presumably the car driver knows you’re there, they’re going to react in a certain way.”
“ If I walked out in front of a Google car travelling at 60mph, I have no real knowledge of how the vehicle will behave, so I’m effectively putting myself in danger.”
How 【1】 away are we from autonomous cars? | ||
Background information | ● Autonomous car technology has been 【2】 in some famous car manufacturers. ● Partially automated technology has been in 【3】 for the last few years. ● Before our roads are 【4】 with driverless vehicles, manufacturers have a lot of things to do. | |
【5】 about the autonomous technology | The human problem | ● The Google car’s accident has 【6】 one of driverless cars’ weaknesses. ● 【7】 the sophisticated array of sensors, Google’s self-driving car could do little to avoid the accident. ● With no alternative plan, self-driving cars cannot have a good 【8】 with human drivers. |
Dealing with pedestrians | 【9】 human drivers who know pedestrians well, autonomous cars have difficulty in 【10】 their behavior, thus putting pedestrians in danger. | |