We know the famous ones--the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells--but what about the less famous inventors?What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper ?Shou 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

17．We know the famous ones--the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells--but what about the less famous inventors？What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper （雨刮器）？Shouldn't we know who they are？
Joan Mclean thinks so．In fact，Mclean，a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range，feels so strongly about this matter that she's developed a course on the topic．In addition to learning"who"invented"what"，however，Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the"why"and"how"questions．According to Mclean，"When students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try．"
Her students agree．One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean's statement．"If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper's invention，"said Tommy Lee，a senior physics major．"I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rain storm into something so constructive．"Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer．
So，just what is the story behind the windshield wiper？Well，Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902after a visit to New York City．The day was cold and stormy，but Anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar．Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldn't be a built-in device for cleaning the window．Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham，Alabama，Anderson started drafting out solutions．One of her ideas，a lever （操作杆） on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside，became the first windshield wiper．
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations．It's hard to imagine driving without Garrett A．Morgan's traffic light．It's equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J．Blodgett's innovation that makes glass invisible．Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses？

4．By mentioning"traffic light"and"windshield wiper"，the author indicates that countless inventions areB．
A．beneficial，because their inventors are famous
B．beneficial，though their inventors are less famous
C．not useful，because their inventors are less famous
D．not useful，though their inventors are famous
5．Professor Joan McLean's course aims toD．
A．add color and variety to students'campus life
B．inform students of the windshield wiper's invention
C．carry out the requirements by Mountain University
D．prepare students to try their own invention
6．Tommy Lee's invention of the unbreakable umbrella wasB．
A．not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer
B．inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper
C．due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm
D．not related to Professor Joan McLean's lectures
7．Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage？C
A．How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers？
B．How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window？
C．Shouldn't We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper？
D．Shouldn't We Develop Invention Courses in Universities？

分析一位物理学教授通过自己独特的课程不但让学生们了解了一些"小"发明家，同时也激发了学生们搞发明的潜能．

解答 4-7 BDBC
4题答案：B考查细节推理，根据第一段中的"…but what about the less famous inventors？"（但是那些不是很著名的发明家呢？）和文章末段首句"Today we benefit from countless…"（今天我们受益于无数的…）可推知，作者认为相对爱迪生和贝尔来说，虽然发明家知名度低，但这些发明是有益的；故本题答案为B选项．
5题答案：D考查细节推理，根据第二段末句"…they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try．"（他们能够更好地准备认识发明的机会而且更有动力去尝试发明）．可知，让学生做好准备去尝试自己的发明是课程的宗旨；故本题答案为D选项．
6题答案：B考查细节推理，根据第三段中的虚拟语气句"If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper's invention""I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive．"（如果我没有听说过刮雨器的发明，我永远都不可能想着要把暴风雨中糟糕的经历变为如此有建设性的东西）．可知，雨刷器发明的故事正是他灵感的源泉；可知本题答案为B选项．
7题答案：C考查主旨大意，文章围绕"雨刷器发明的故事"展开，结合第一段末句"Shouldn't we know who they are？"（难道我们不应该知道他们是谁吗？）可知，本题答案为C选项．

点评本文是一篇科教类阅读，题目涉及多道细节理解题，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确的答案．

练习册系列答案

14．Xinhua News---The Beijing government has set out to recruit thousands of university graduates to work as junior officials in rural areas to both improve rural administration and ease the city's employment problems．
The government plans to recruit 3，000university graduates this year，1，000more than last year，to work as assistants to village heads or party secretaries in suburban areas．
People interested in jobs in Beijing's rural villages and towns can send applications to Beijing Municipal Bureau of Personnel or log on to www．bjbys．com from February 1through March 15．
"We hope university graduates will seize this opportunity to use their knowledge in rural villages and to start their careers，"Sun Zhenyu，the Deputy Director of Beijing Personnel Bureau，told Xinhua News Agency．
The government has promised successful candidates a monthly salary of 2，000yuan in the first year，2，500yuan the second year and 3，000the third year，provided their performance is up to the required standards，Sun said．
Wang Lina，who graduated from Beijing Union University last year，was one of the first graduates to find work in the city's countryside．After majoring in Industial and Commercial Administration，Wang served as the assistant to the village head of Ertiaojie Village in suburban Beijing's Pinggu District．For one project，Wang contacted people at Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and arranged for the local farmers to receive training in strawberry planting．Her efforts paid off．The village had a plentiful harvest of organic strawberries earlier this year．
Nationwide，about 150，000university graduates found employment in rural areas last year，according to the figures provided by the Ministry of Education．
The ministry predicts that 4.95million students will graduate from universities across the country this year，820，000more than last year．About 1.4million of them are unlikely to find jobs when they graduate．
In Beijing，a record of 200，000people are expected to graduate from university this year．Less than half of them are expected to be offered jobs，according to Beijing Personel Bureau．
28．From the story of Wang Lina we can learn thatD．
A．Wang had great difficulty in helping villagers plant organic strawberries
B．local farmers can get big harvests if they work together with her
C．the sooner you go to the countryside，the sooner you will be successful
D．university graduate can realize their value no matter where they work
29．The underlined word"recruit"in the first paragraph probably meansB．
A．force
B．employ
C．encourage
D．train
30．The last two paragraphs seem to tell us thatA．
A．it is not easy for graduates to find jobs nowadays
B．more and more graduates will work as junior officials
C．the universities should not enroll so many students
D．there are more and more jobs provided by the Ministry of Education
31．Which of the following can be the best title for this passage？A
A．The Government's Help for University Graduates
B．A Good Choice for University Graduates
C．Job Hunting for University Graduates
D．What is the Best Career？

5．I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized．Each of her objects had its place，but mine always hid somewhere．She even labeled （贴标签） everything．I always looked for everything．Over time，Kate got neater and I got messier．She would push my dirty clothing over，and I would lay my books on her tidy desk．We both got tired of each other．
War broke out one evening．Kate came into the room．Soon，I heard her screaming，"Take your shoes away!Why under my bed!"Deafened，I saw my shoes flying at me．I jumped to my feet and started yelling．She yelled back louder．
The room was filled with anger．We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call．Kate answered it．From her end of the conversation，I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill．When she hung up，she quickly crawled （爬） under her covers，weeping．Obviously，that was something she should not go through phone．All of a sudden，a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart，
Slowly，I collected the pencils，took back the books，made my bed，cleaned the socks and swept the floor，even on her side．I got so absorbed into my work that I even didn't noticed Kate had sat up．She was watching，her tears dried．Then，she reached out her hands to grasp mine．I looked up into her eyes．She smiled at me．"Thanks．"
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year．We didn't always agree，but we learned the key to living together：giving in，cleaning up and holding on．

28．What made Kate angry one evening？C
A．She heard the author shouting loud．B．She couldn't find her books．
C．She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed．
D．She got the news that her grandma was ill．
29．The author tidied up the room most probably becauseB．
A．she was scared by Kate's anger         B she wanted to show her care
C．she hated herself for being so messy     D．she was asked by Kate to do so
30．How is Paragraph 1mainly developed？A
A．By showing differences．B．By describing a process．
C．By analyzing causes．D．By following time order．
31．What might be the best title for the story？B
A．How to Be Organized             B．Learning to Be Roommates
C．My Friend Kate                  D．Hard Work Pays Off．

12．Food waste has been a chronic（习惯性的）problem for restaurants and grocery stores-with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled（拖）hundreds of miles，stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines．But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger drag on the bottom line．
Restaurants，colleges，hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways．Some are tracking their trash with software systems，making food in smaller packages or trying to compost （将…制成堆肥） and cut down on trash-hauling costs．
Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste，costing some 48dollar billion annually，according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study．A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted．Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8 percent this year，the biggest jump in decades，according to the National Restaurant Association．
"We have all come to work with this big elephant in the middle of kitchen，and the elephant is this‘It's okay to waste'belief system，"said Andrew Shackman，president of LeanPath，a company that helps restaurants cut back food waste．
The interest in cutting food waste"has just rocketed in the last six to nine months，"he said．
Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when the two of the campus'biggest dining halls to find there were no trays．
"You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink，but it's not that different，"said Caitlin Mewborn，a freshman．"It's not a big trouble．You take less food，and you don't eat more than you should．"
Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by38percent at the dining halls，said Denny Cochrane，manager of Virginia Tech's sustainability program．Before the program began，students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet （自助餐），only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs，he said．

56．High price of products makes the problem of food wasteD．
A．less challenging
B．more unbelievable
C．less noticeable
D．more unsolvable
57．What does Caitlin Mewborn most probably think about the fact that no trays are provided in the campus'dining halls？D
A．It doesn't help cut food waste much．
B．It causes much trouble for students．
C．It isn't well-received by the freshmen．
D．It is efficient for cutting food waste．
58．The author mentions Virginia Tech as an example to support the idea thatB
A．food waste has been a long-lasting chronic problem
B．novel ways are being applied to cutting food waste
C．colleges are truly the biggest source of food waste
D．the"It's okay to waste"belief system is influential．

2．With the development of science and technology，new inventions，especially new electronic products，have made people's lives easy and convenient．But as the saying puts：A coin has two sides．
One day，I was walking in the park with a friend and his cell phone rang，interrupting our conversation．There we were，walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and…I became invisible，absent from the conversation．
The telephone used to connect you to the absent．Now it makes people sitting next to you feel absent．Why is it that the more connected we get，the more disconnected I feel？Every advance in communications technology is a tragedy to the closeness of human interaction．With email and instant messaging over the Internet，we can now communicate without seeing or talking to one another．With voice mail，you can conduct entire conversations without ever reaching anyone．If my mom has a question，I just leave the answer on her machine．
As almost every contact we can imagine between human beings gets automated，the alienation（疏远） index goes up．You can't even call a person to get the phone number of another person any more．Directory assistance is almost always fully automated．
Pumping petrol at the station？Why say good morning to the attendant when you can swipe（刷）your credit card at the pump and save yourself the bother of human contact？
Making a deposit at the bank？Why talk to a teller who might live in the neighborhood when you can just insert your card into ATM？
Pretty soon you won't have the burden of making eye contact at the grocery shop．Some supermarket chains are using a self-scanner so you can check yourself out，avoiding those check-out people who look at you and ask how you are doing．
I am not against modern technology．I own a cell phone，an ATM card，a voice mail system，and an email account．Giving them up isn't wise…they're a great help to us．It's some of their possible consequences that make me feel uneasy．
More and more，I find myself hiding behind e-mail to do a job meant for conversation．Or being relieved that voice mail picked up a call because I didn't really have time to talk．The communications industry devoted to helping me keep in touch is making me lonelier．
So I've put myself on technology restriction：no instant messaging，with people who live near me，no cell phoning in the presence of friends，no letting the voice mail pick up when I'm at home．

32．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage？B
A．The Advance of Communications Technology
B．The Consequences of Modern Technology
C．The Process of Communications Revolution
D．The Automation of Modern Communications
33．Paragraphs 5to 7are listed as examples，which show that the use of modern communications isD．
A．encouraging B．disappointing C．satisfying D．embarrassing
34．The passage implies thatB．
A．modern technology is bridging the people
B．modern technology is separating the people
C．modern technology is developing too rapidly
D．modern technology is interrupting our lives
35．What does the writer think to do with the modern technology？D
A．We may use them no matter what others are doing．
B．We can throw them away and return to the ancient．
C．We can be far away from them forever．
D．We can use them less and communicate with the people around us．

9．Many kids help out around the house with chores（家庭杂务） such as emptying the dishwasher，putting laundry（洗好的东西） away，and taking out the trash．In exchange，some kids get allowances（补贴） or other rewards such as extra computer time．
But some people do not think that kids should get rewards for doing chores．Susie Walton，a parenting educator and family coach，believes that by rewarding kids，parents are sending a message that work isn't worth doing unless you get something in return．"Running any kind of household is a team effort，"Susie said．"A home is a living space for everyone in the family．It's important for kids to see that we all have responsibilities in the house，and that families decide together how they want their home to look，and how they are going to keep it looking like everyone wants it to look．"
Other people believe that getting a cash allowance or other rewards motivates kids to do chores，and it also teaches them real world lessons about how we need to work to earn money．There are also new applications that give kids points and digital gifts that can be redeemed（兑取） either online or in the real world．With the ChoreMonster app，kids earn digital points by completing chores that they can turn in for real-life rewards such as extra Xbox time or a trip to the mall．"Our goal is to encourage kids to earn rewards，"says Chris Bergman，founder of ChoreMonster．"Kids need positive reinforcement （强化） to help motivate them．"
What do you think？Should kids be rewarded for doing chores？Or should kids help out around their homes without getting anything in return？
Write a 200-word response．Send it to tfkasks4you@timeforkids，com．Your response may be published in a future issue of Time For Kids．Please include your grade and contact information of your parent or teacher if you want your response to be published．The deadline for responding is February 18．

55．How does the author start the passage？A．
A．By presenting some facts．
B．By listing some evidence．
C．By comparing different views．
D．By stating his own experiences．
56．According to Susie Walton，C．
A．kids should be rewarded for doing chores
B．parents decide what kids can do for the family
C．kids have the responsibility to share housework
D．kids can get extra computer time for doing chores
57．Paragraph 3is mainly aboutD．
A．Chris Bergman's opinion on raising kids
B．main reasons why kids need encouragement
C．how to motivate kids to try new applications
D．the advantage of rewarding kids for doing chores
58．The purpose of writing the text is toA．
A．invite readers to express their opinions
B．inform readers of two different opinions
C．call on readers to reflect on their behavior
D．present the author's viewpoint about parenting．

6．Recently，researchers has announced a breakthrough in the exploration of new energy-development of the first practical artificial leaf，an advanced solar cell that imitates the process，called photosynthesis（光合作用），that green plants use to make sunlight and water into energy．
"A practical artificial leaf has been a dream of scientists for decades，"said Daniel Nocera，who led the research team．"We believe we have made it．The artificial leaf shows particular promise as an inexpensive source of electricity for homes of the poor in developing countries．One can imagine villages in India and Africa soon purchasing an affordable basic power system based on this technology．"
The leaf is like the shape of a poker card but thinner．Placed in water in a bright sunlight，it could produce enough electricity to supply a house in a developing country with electricity for a day by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen，which are stored in a fuel cell to produce electricity．
The"artificial leaf"is not a new concept．The first artificial leaf was developed more than a decade ago by John Turner．However，it was impractical for wider use，as it was composed of rare，expensive metals and was highly unstable with a lifespan of barely one day．
Nocera's new leaf overcomes these problems．It is made of inexpensive materials that are widely available，works under simple conditions and is highly stable．Laboratory studies showed that it could operate continuously for at least 45hours without a drop in activity．
The key to this breakthrough is Nocera's recent discovery of several new powerful，inexpensive catalysts，which are able to accelerate the chemical reaction under simple conditions．Right now，Nocera's leaf is about 10times more efficient at carrying out photosynthesis than a natural leaf．Yet he is optimistic that he can boost the efficiency of the device much higher in the future．

24．Daniel Nocera describes his artificial leaf as promising inC．
A．making an artificial plant that can feed itself．
B．finding a new kind of catalyst to produce electricity．
C．providing electricity for the poor family at a low cost
D．changing the sunlight and water into electricity directly
25．According to the passage，The underlined word"accelerate"in the last paragraph probably meansB．
A．reduce the loss of energy
B．speed up the process
C．work as a media to store collected energy
D．control the operation of chemical reactions
26．We can learn from the passageB．
A．There was nobody who had an idea of the artificial leaf before．
B．Nocera's artificial leaf has advantages over Turner's in some ways．
C．The first artificial leaf was once widely put into use in many countries．
D．The new artificial leaf works well but can just keep operating only one day．
27．The passage is most probably fromA．
A．a science news report               B．a science fiction story
C．a fairy tale book                   D．an advertisement for solar products．

7．上周末我校在2600名学生中进行了有关"幸福感"的相关问题调查．数据如下：

比例	"幸福感"的来源
50%	从家庭中获得幸福感：父母或亲友的爱、温暖的家庭生活
30%	从给予他人中获得幸福感：助人、捐赠、义卖
10%	从友情中获得幸福感：同学、老师、朋友等
10%	从其他方面：成功、成就等
评价：调查情况体现了学生们是热爱生活的，但同时也反映了他们生活面较窄、视野不够开阔．

【写作内容】
根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：
1．调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；
2．表格中全部内容．

试题分类