题目内容

A study of older men in The Netherlands, known for its delicious chocolate, showed those who ate the same amount of one-third of a chocolate bar every day had lower blood pressure and a reduced risk of death.

The researchers say, however, it’s too early to conclude that it was the chocolate that led to better health. The men who ate more cocoa products could have eaten other food that made them healthier. Experts also point out that eating too much chocolate can make you fat — a risk for both heart disease and high blood pressure.

“It’s why too early to make recommendations about whether people should eat more cocoa or chocolate,” said Brian Buijsse, an expert for nutrition at Wageningen University in The Netherlands, who co-authored the study.

Still, the Dutch Study, supported by grants (拨款) from the Netherlands Prevention Foundation, appears to be the largest so far to document a health effect for cocoa beans. And it confirms findings of smaller, shorter-term studies that also linked chocolate with lower blood pressure.

Researchers examined the eating habits of 470 healthy men who were not taking blood pressure medicine. The men who ate the most products made from cocoa beans — including cocoa drinks, chocolate bars and chocolate pudding — had lower blood pressure and a 50 percent lower risk of death.

“This is a very important article providing epidemiological support for what many researchers have been observing is experimental models,” said Cesar Fraga of the University of California Davis, who does similar research but was not involved in the new study.

Could the study results apply to women?

“Our study consisted of elderly inch,” Buijsse said. “If you look at the other studies, you will see the same effects in men and women, younger people and older people. The findings may be generalizable to women, but you never know.”

1.We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.

A. It has been concluded that the findings are generalizable to women.

B. It needs confirming whether women can share the same effects.

C. The study results cannot apply to women.

D. The findings are applicable to both men and women.

2.Which of the following has the similar meaning to the underlined word “generalizable?”

A. useful B. popular

C. attractive D. important

3.What is the main purpose of the text?

A. To encourage us to eat as much chocolate as possible.

B. To prove to us that eating chocolate can reduce blood pressure.

C. To inform us of a study about the health benefits of chocolate.

D. To warn us not to eat cocoa products because they can make you fat.

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French writer Frantz Fanon once said: “To speak a language is to take on a world, a culture.” Since the world changes every day, so does our language.

More than 300 new words and phrases have recently made it into the online Oxford Dictionary, and in one way or another they are all reflections of today’s changing world.

After a year that was politically unstable, it’s not hard to understand the fact that people’s political views are one of the main drives of our expanding vocabulary. One example is “clicktivism”, a compound of “click” and “activism”. It refers to “armchair activists” — people who support a political or social cause, but only show their support from behind a computer or smartphone. And “otherize” is a verb for “other” that means to alienate (使疏远) people who are different from ourselves — whether that be different skin color, religious belief or sexuality.

Lifestyle is also changing our language. For example, “fitspiration” — a compound of fit and inspiration — refers to a person or thing that encourages one to exercise and stay fit and healthy.

The phrase “climate refugee” — someone who is forced to leave their home due to climate change — reflects people’s concern for the environment.

According to Stevenson, social media was the main source for the new expressions. “People feel much freer to coin their own words these days,” he said.

But still, not all newly-invented words get the chance to make their way into a mainstream (主流的) dictionary. If you want to create your own hit words, Angus Stevenson, Oxford Dictionaries head of content development, suggests that you should not only make sure that they are expressive (有表现力的) and meaningful, but also have an attractive sound so that people will enjoy saying them out loud.

1.What is the article mainly about?

A. Some new word that got included into the online Oxford Dictionary.

B. The application of new words and phrases.

C. How a language mirrors the changing world.

D. The impact of social media on our language.

2.The underlined word “coin” in the second-to-last paragraph probably means ________.

A. use B. record

C. change D. create

3.How is the article mainly developed?

A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons.

C. By following a timeline. D. By presenting research findings.

4.According to Stevenson, to make the words you invent popular, they should ________.

A. be easy to remember B. have unique meanings

C. reflect the changing world D. be meaningful, expressive and catchy

One of the many great lines in the movie Apollo 13 came from Ed Harris, who played NASA Director of Operations, Gene Kranz. The famous line was, “Gentleman, failure is not an option.” He said the words because he had a clear purpose that the three astronauts trapped in space must be sent home safely. The driving force behind their seeking of a solution was motivated by a true purpose.

Here is the simple principle. If you have a big enough ‘why’ in life, you will always figure out the ‘how.’ A person without a purpose in life is like a boat without a rudder, floating aimlessly without a direction and going nowhere. In all walks of life, when referring to someone’s success, we often hear the words “focus and determination”. But Merriam Webster defines the word “purpose” as the reason why something is done, a feeling of being determined to achieve an outcome. There are many talented and intelligent people in the world that are unsuccessful because they lack direction. I believe that our life depends on our purpose. Whether you’re single or in a team, having a purpose allows you to start, evaluate, and improve your talents or abilities helps you find your path in life and achieve your success finally.

A friend of mine once told me that the most motivating speech he had ever heard was just three short words. It came from his wife when she said, “Honey I’m pregnant.” He said those few words instantly motivated him because he now had a big “why” in his life, a purpose to work hard to support his family. In fact, when your “why” gets bigger, you get better because you stop holding back and you’ll go all out. It’s why you often hear about some great people perform superhuman actions when failure is not an option!

1.What does the underlined word “rudder” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Something that gets the boat started

B. Something that makes the boat float

C. The reason for which the boat is built

D. Something that directs the boat to a certain place.

2.What is the most important thing for success according to Merriam Webster?

A. Talent B. Purpose

C. Determination D. Intelligence

3.The author gives his friend’s example to show________.

A. why words can motivate people easily

B. that family love is very important in our daily life

C. that a purpose can make people try their best

D. how people can get success more easily

4.What does the author mainly tell us in this passage?

A. To be successful person B. To have a big “Why” in life

C. To make a right choice D. To get rid of failure

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