题目内容

It is common to have difficulties sleeping during the day. Humans are naturally wired to sleep best at night and be awake during the day. However, modern work schedules require some people to try to accommodate the unnatural schedule of shift（轮班）work — being awake at night and sleeping during the day.
In order to make this adjustment, you need to pay special attention to your sleep environment and your preparation for sleep. If shift work is a necessary part of your work life, here are some suggestions that may help.
Arrange to sleep uninterrupted in a quiet, dark room. This means you may have to turn off or unplug your phone, hang darkening curtains on the windows or wear a sleep eye mask, and train your family and friends to leave you alone while you sleep.
Fit in a nap（小睡）. When your daytime sleep period is too short, taking a short nap of less than 30 minutes just before work or on a break has been shown to improve alertness and enhance performance.
Develop and follow a sleep routine. It's best if you go to sleep and wake up at the same time every day. Try not to vary this too much on weekends. Your body likes routine.
Take extra care to make healthy choices. You may be tempted to reach for unhealthy foods or nicotine to stay awake or alcohol to try to sleep. But ultimately these choices are more harmful than helpful.
If you have tried all these things and are still having problems getting enough quality sleep during the day, talk to your doctor or a sleep specialist. Sometimes medications（药物治疗）may be helpful and safe. In other cases, there may be an underlying sleep disorder that needs to be addressed.
小题1:The purpose of the text is to     .
A．persuade workers to have a god sleep.
B．advise night workers to keep healthy
C．encourage workers to do day work
D．help night workers to sleep well
小题2:What does the author recomusend?
A．A suitable account of alcohol to help sleep.
B．A regular life on weekday’s and weekends.
C．A dark room without phoebes to sleep in.
D．A break for sleeping anytime during the day.
小题3:On which condition should a person turn to a sleep specialist for help?
A．If he suffers from a sleep disorder for the first time.
B．If a good sleep environment is greatly needed for him.
C．If he falls to get quality sleep through his own efforts.
D．If he has the problem of bailing to sleep in the daytime.
小题4:We can learn from the test that       .
A．night workers need a long time to fall asleep
B．constant breaks at work help to improve performance
C．it is difficult to create a good sleep environment
D．night work requires people to adjust their body clocks

小题1:D
小题2:B
小题3:C
小题4:D

试题分析：作者提供了一些夜班工人如何安排好自己睡眠的建议。
小题1:主旨大意题。根据第二段的here are some suggestions that may help. 可知作者提供了一些夜班工人如何安排好自己睡眠的建议，选D
小题2:细节题：根据文章的第五段的Try not to vary this too much on weekends. 可知此题答案。B
小题3:细节题：根据文章最后一段的If you have tried all these things and are still having problems getting enough quality sleep during the day talk to your doctor or a sleep specialist. 可知此题答案选C
小题4:推理题：根据文章内容可知人的睡眠是有固定规律的，人们是白天工作而钟上睡觉，而对于晚上工作的人就需要调整自己的生物钟。选D
点评：文章分析了具体的现象。测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
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Walking is the exercise of choice for most dieters. You don't need a gym membership to do this effective exercise. Here's how to prepare:
The only equipment you really need is a decent pair of walking shoes. What matters most is comfort. When you're shopping for shoes:
●Wear the socks you plan to exercise in. That way you'll get the best fit.
●Try on both shoes. Most people's feet aren't exactly the same size. Choose a pair that fits your larger foot.
●Allow a little extra room. Feet swell when you walk, so buy a pair with about a thumb's width between your longest toe and the toe of the shoe.
Sure, walking comes naturally. But the following tips will help you stay comfortable and get the most out of your walk:
●Look ahead. Keep your neck straight and your head held high. If you have to look down to see where you're going, lower your eyes, not your head.
●Move both arms. Let your arms swing naturally at your sides, and you'll burn up to 15 percent more calories by keeping your arms moving.
●Don't carry unnecessary weight. Some people try to get in extra exercise by carrying a couple of light dumbbells(哑铃), but fitness-walking experts say that's risky: The weights can pull you off balance and tighten muscles in your back or legs.
Walking is one of the safest activities. Still, the following tips may be helpful:
●If you're walking at night, wear a piece of reflective clothing.
●If the path is dimly lit, bring a good flashlight.
●When the weather's hot, be sure to drink some water before you set out and better take a bottle of water with you if you plan to walk quite a long time.
●If your path is rough, protect your ankles. Consider wearing a comfortable bandage for support.
小题1:According to the text, which of the following is correct?
A．Wearing a piece of reflective clothing can make you look smart.
B．Moving both arms while walking can help you lose more weight.
C．You should buy shoes with a little extra space for your smaller foot.
D．Losing weight by walking is always easy and effective without any danger.
小题2:What are possibly necessary if you walk through our town and then up a hill along a winding path on a hot evening?
a. good walking shoes      b. reflective clothing         c. light dumb-bells
d. a flashlight            e. a bandage                  f. a bottle of water
A．a, b, c, d, e, fB．a, c, d, e, fC．a, b, d, e, fD．a, d, e, f
小题3:What can be inferred about the author of the text?
A．He/She once got his/her legs injured while walking carrying light dumb-bells.
B．He/She might live in a small town with dimly lit streets.
C．He/She needs just a decent pair of walking shoes while walking.
D．He/She is quite experienced in the exercise of walking.
What time of day can you think most quickly? Are you a morning person? Or does it take you a few hours to get your brain going? A lot of recent research suggests that we should pay attention to our body clock. It can tell us what time of day we can perform best at.
Many people work best later in the morning. This is because the body’s temperature takes time to rise through the day. Taking a warm shower when you wake up can help your body’s temperature rise quickly.
But everyone’s body clock is different and some are special. Morning people will get up early and
work better early in the day. Evening people will work later but work better towards the end of the day. Research shows that we’re better at some activities at certain times of the day. Physical performance is at its best between 3 pm and 6 pm, so it’s better to exercise later in the day. 
Between noon and 4 pm, people begin to pay less attention. This is because we think less quickly
after a big meal. Research also shows we become sleepy around 2 pm. This is why people in Spain take a short sleep in early afternoon.  Finally, it is best to eat when we’re active. This allows our body
to burn calories better and stops our blood sugar levels from getting too high.
小题1:__________ can tell us what time of day we can perform best at.
A．Morning peopleB．A warm shower
C．Our body temperature.D．Our body clock
小题2:A morning people will ________.
A．get later but work better
B．work better early in the day.
C．only work in the morning
D．go to bed late every night.
小题3:What is the best time for physical performance? 
A．Between 3 pm and 6 pmB．Between 7 pm and 10 pm.
C．Between noon and 4 pmD．Between 5 pm and 8 pm.
小题4:Why is it best to eat when we’re active? 
A．Because eating makes the brain unable to think quickly.
B．Because it makes our blood sugar levels higher.
C．Because our body can burn more calories.
D．Because we are allowed to eat then.
小题5:What is the best title for this article? 
A．How can we work better
B．The best time to exercise
C．How can we keep healthy
D．The perfect time to do something
A. Health
Health magazine features lots of articles on how to stay fit and feel fantastic. You’ll find healthy yet tasteful recipes (菜谱) that will keep you on track with your diet. The living section will give you ideas for things to do on the weekend or how to add some excitement to your lifestyle.
B. US Weekly
It features the latest news on the hottest celebrities(名人). Filled with photographs and stories, it’s a great magazine for their diets, weddings, divorces and all the events of the week. It keeps you up-to-date with everything that’s happening in Hollywood——the good, the bad and the embarrassing.
C. Rolling Stone
It’s a bi-weekly magazine for music and pop culture trends. In addition, readers can find culture and social comments on present news and events in each issue. Yearly special issues include the music festival preview, the best of rock, fall fashion, and 10 bands to watch.
D. Details
It is an award-winning monthly fashion magazine. It’s for men who are enthusiastic about adventure, style, music, fashion, sports, politics, humor and pop culture. Reviews of the latest books and movies are also included. Every issue has an interview with a celebrity in the news, with insightful questions and interesting answers.
E. Reader’s Digest
It is the world’s most widely-read monthly magazine. Each issue is packed with easy-to-read articles that help people lead better and healthier lives. It contains useful advice, entertainment and inspiration, the latest medical discoveries, how to manage your time and money, plus much more.
F. Life & Style Weekly
This magazine is the first weekly style magazine. It covers the latest happenings in Hollywood. You can find fashion, beauty, lifestyle trends and shopping guides in each issue of the magazine.
请阅读以下读者的相关信息，然后把这些读者与其感兴趣的杂志匹配起来。
小题1:Abraham is a handsome student at Beijing Sport University. Besides sports news, he is concerned about social and political problems in his spare time.
小题2:Rebecca is a beautiful housewife, but she doesn’t care much about her clothing. Her husband suggests that she learn some shopping skills and the best style tips.
小题3:Patrick is a fan of stars who is crazy about them. He wants to know all the information about his favorite stars in real life situations like shopping for groceries, walking the dog and so on.
小题4:Melissa and her boyfriend have just left university for work. They don’t have much money to eat outside every day. They must learn to cook for themselves.
小题5:Douglas was a teacher at Peking University Heath Science Center. He retired last month and now lives happily with his wife in the countryside. He pays close attention to advances in medical science.
Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, why are veins（静脉） blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish color. Although blood looks red when it’s outside the body, when it’s sitting in the vein near the surface of the skin, it’s more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which works harder, you heart or your brain?
That kind of depends on whether you’re busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and why don’t they grow back in grown-ups?
Baby (or “milk”) teeth do not last long; they fall out to make bigger room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall our when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you’re done. When they’re gone, they are gone. This is because nature figures you’re set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn’t because they’re shrinking all over. They lose height as their spine（脊柱） becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effect of gravity(重力). Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose and average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don’t really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards ----- their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it’s because the spine has shortened a little. Or, more often, become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning make you dizzy（眩晕的）?
Because your brain gets confused between what you’re seeing and what you’re feeling. The brain senses that you’re spinning using special gravity-and-motion-sensing organs in your inner ear, which work together with your eyes to keep your vision balance stable. But when you suddenly stop spinning the system goes out of control, and your brain thinks you’removing while you’re not.
Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area ----- from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other, newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on this planet.
If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s “use it, or lose it”! It’s not that exercise makes you healthy, it’s more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease
小题1:What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A．BlueB．Light yellow
C．RedD．Dark reddish purple
小题2:Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A．Because their spine is in active use.
B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C．Because they keep growing backwards.
D．Because their spine becomes more bent.
小题3:Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will feel dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
小题4:What is the main purpose of the selection?
A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B．To provide information about our body.
C．To challenge new findings in medical research.
D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.
All over the world, and for many different reasons, there are millions of people who rarely or never eat meat. These people are called vegetarians. To people who eat meat, being a vegetarian may seem like a very strange thing, diets for several different reasons.
First, vegetarians have an enormous health advantage. One of the major health problems in modern societies is not too much protein but too much fat, especially in the form of animal fats. Medical evidence suggests that animal fats, including butter, contribute to the development of cholesterol in the human body. High amount of cholesterol seem to be part of the cause of heart disease. Most vegetarians have low level of cholesterol. High amounts of animal fats also seem to lead to certain kinds of cancer, and vegetarians are typically less vulnerable to these cancers than people who eat a lot of meat. Overall, studies comparing the health of vegetarians and meat-eaters show that the meat-eaters are twice as likely to die of heart disease as vegetarians are.
Better health is one reason that people choose to become vegetarians. Another reason is religion. Some religions forbid the eating of meat. The largest of these is the Hindu religion, which has about 600 million believers in the world. Although not all Hindus are vegetarian, many are, and there are many believers of other religions such Buddhism and even some Christian religions that also do not eat meat.
Many vegetarians do not eat meat simply because they do not like the taste of it. They have no religious or philosophical reasons; they just do not like meat. Another important reason that vegetarians give for not eating meat is the health advantages that were given above. Lastly, there are many people who do not eat meat because they just do not like the idea of killing animals for food. They believe that life, all life, is valuable , and that we do not have to destroy life to feed ourselves when there are other good sources of food.
小题1:According to the passage, people choose to be vegetarians for the following reasons EXCEPT________.
A．they want to stay healthy
B．they are too kind to put the idea of killing animals
C．they live in areas where meat supply is not adequate
D．they should not eat meat due to their religious belief
小题2:Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 2 ?
A．Vegetarians enjoy a more healthy life than the meat eaters.
B．Heart disease and cancer are caused by large amounts of protein.
C．There are twice as many meat-eaters as vegetarians who die of cancer.
D．There are less health problems in modern society due to advanced medical care.
小题3:What does “vulnerable” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Having low level of cholesterol.
B．Having high level of cholesterol.
C．Having weak ability to resist diseases and harms.
D．Having strong ability to resist disease and harms.
小题4:It can be inferred from the passage that __________.
A．being a vegetarian may be a very strange thing
B．vegetarians eat meat on some special occasions
C．all vegetarians have reasons for their not eating meat
D．most vegetarians believe that life without meat is happy.
Holding a cell phone against your ear or storing it in your pocket may be dangerous to your health. This explains a warning that cell phone manufacturers include in the small print that is often ignored when a new phone is purchased. Apple, for example, doesn’t want iPhones to come closer to you than 1.5 centimeters; Research In Motion, BlackBerry’s manufacturer, recommends 2.5 centimeters.
If health issues arise from cell phone use, the possible effects are huge. Voice calls - Americans chat on cell phones 2.26 trillion(万亿)minutes annually - earn $109 billion for the wireless carriers.
Devra Davis, an expert who has worked for the University of Pittsburgh, has published a book about cell phone radiation, “Disconnect.” The book surveys scientific research and concludes the question is not settled.
Brain cancer is a concern that Ms. Davis examines. Over all, there has not been an increase in its incidence since cell phones arrived. But the average masks an increase in brain cancer in the 20-to-29 age group and a drop for the older population.
“Most cancers have multiple causes,” she says, but she points to laboratory research that suggests low-energy radiation could damage cells that could possibly lead to cancer.
Children are more vulnerable（易受伤的）to radiation than adults, Ms. Davis and other scientists point out. Radiation that penetrates only five centimeters into the brain of an adult will reach much deeper into the brains of children because their skulls are thinner and their brains contain more absorptive fluid（易吸收的液体）. No studies have yet been completed on cell phone radiation and children, she says.
Henry Lai, a research professor in the bioengineering department at the University of Washington, began laboratory radiation studies in 1980 and found that rats exposed to radiation had damaged DNA in their brains.
Ms. Davis recommends using wired headsets or the phone’s speaker. Children should text rather than call, she said, and pregnant women should keep phones away from the abdomen（腹部）.
小题1:According to Ms Davis, brain cancer increase ____.
A．among childrenB．among old people
C．in the twentiesD．among pregnant women
小题2:Why do children easily be affected by radiation?
A．Because they haven’t grown up.
B．Because they are too young to protect themselves.
C．Because they use cell phones more often than adults.
D．Because their skulls are thinner and their brains are easily hurt.
小题3:What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Pregnant women should keep cell phones away.
B．People should use cell phones in the correct way.
C．If you are a child, you’d better text than make phone calls.
D．When you use a cell phone, use a wired headset or the phone’s speaker.
小题4:What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Be careful when using cell phones.
B．Don’t hold your cell phone against your ear.
C．Rats exposed to radiation have damaged DNA in their brains.
D．Low-energy radiation could damage cells that could lead to cancer.
[1] Scientist proves better busy than doing nothing, research has found. Keeping the mind occupied with tasks—no matter how meaningless—keeps off negativeemotions, the study found.
[2] However, the bad news is that humans seem born to be lazy in order to save energy, according to Professor Christopher Hsee, a behavioural scientist at Chicago University.
[3] In a study 98 students were asked to complete two surveys. After they had completed the first they were made to wait 15 minutes to receive the next one. They were given a choice of either handing in the first survey nearby or at a more distant location they had to walk to. Whichever choice they chose, they received a chocolate bar. Two-thirds (68 per cent) chose to take a shortcut. Those who had taken the walk reported feeling happier than those who had stayed put. Prof Hsee concluded __________________ helped keep people happy.
[4] He said the findings, reported in the journal Psychological Science, had policy guidance. "Governments may increase the happiness of idle（闲散的）citizens by having them build bridges that are actually useless", he suggested.
[5] At the individual level, he advised: "Get up and do something. Anything. Even if there really is no point to what you are doing, you will feel better for it." He added, "By the way, thinking deeply or busy with self-reflection counts as keeping busy, too. You do not need to be running around—you just need to be busy, either physically or mentally."
小题1:What is the purpose of the text? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题2:Why did two-thirds (68 per cent) choose to take a shortcut? (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题3:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words. (no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题4:What does the word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refer to? ( no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
小题5:What is the main idea of the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Ways to fight the flu
The flu is annoying enough on its own. In order to keep yourself from it, follow these tips.
★Get the flu vaccine(疫苗). It’s the best way to protect yourself against the flu.     1       It also helps the people around you because there’s less chance you will catch the flu and pass it on.
★Wash your hands often. Hand washing is an important way to protect against germs(细菌) like flu viruses.       2     So get in the habit of washing your hands when you come home from school, the mall, or anywhere else where you are around a lot of people.
★      3      Flu viruses travel through the air, so try to stay away from people who look sick. It’s also a good idea to avoid touching your nose, eyes, and mouth –three places flu viruses can easily enter the body.
★Cough or sneeze into a tissue(手巾纸) –not into your hands. That way, you’re not spreading the virus when you touch surfaces that other people may touch too.
★      4       You don’t want to pass your germs to someone else. And staying home is a great excuse to watch your favorite movie, play video games, or read to have a good rest.          5          
You also can fight the flu by getting enough sleep, eating healthy foods, drinking plenty of water, and getting regular exercise.
Don’t let the flu ruin your fall and winter fun. Fight back!
A．Stay home if you have the flu.
B．Keep your distance if someone is sick.
C．Rest can help the body recover faster.
D．Take some medicine as soon as you have the flu.
E. It also helps protect against other germs and illnesses.
F. Getting vaccinated doesn’t just protect your own health.
G. Don’t let the flu fall at one of the most exciting times of the year.

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