The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to Da 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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The 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics is shared by three scientists, the Royal Academy of Sciences announced in Stockholm on Tuesday. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 was divided, with one half awarded to David J. Thouless, the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane and J. Michael Kosterlitz “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter(物质拓扑相变和拓扑相).”

Haldane said he was “very surprised” at the news, adding that he was glad that their discoveries found something previously unnoticed by many, and that they revealed “more possibilities for looking for new materials.” He particularly pointed out that a lot of work was still ongoing.

The year’s prize amount is 8 million Swedish krona(0.93 million US dollars), and will be split properly between the three winners.

The winners are given a sum of money when they receive their prizes, in the form of a document confirming the amount awarded. The amount of prize money depends upon how much money the Nobel Foundation can award each year. The purse has increased since the 1980s, when the prize money was 880,000 SEK per prize. In 2009, the monetary award was 10 million SEK (US$1.4 million; ?950,000). In June 2012, it was lowered to 8 million SEK.

If there are two winners of a particular prize, the award money is divided equally between the winners. If there are three, the awarding committee can choose to divide the money equally, or award one-half to one winner and one-quarter to each of the others. It is common for winners to donate prize money to benefit scientific, cultural, or charities.

1.How much price money does Thouless get?

A. 8 million Swedish krona.

B. 6 million Swedish krona.

C. 4 million Swedish krona.

D. 2 million Swedish krona.

2.According to the passage, Haldane thought that his work_________

A. was far from ending

B. was based on many previous studies

C. had perfectly been completed

D. had surprised the whole world

3.The amount of prize money _________. .

A. has been ever increasing since the 1980s

B. has been ever decreasing since the 1980s

C. remains 880,000 SEK each year after 2012

D. differs according to the Nobel Foundation’s affordability

4.What does the last paragraph talk about?

A. The purpose of the award money.

B. How the award money is dealt with.

C. How the laureates are selected.

D. The number of laureates per prize.

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You often find somebody who works around you complaining(抱怨) all the time, don't you? 1. About 70% of Americans say being around nonstop complainers sometimes has a bad influence on them. Luckily, here are 4 tips to help form positive patterns.

1．Self?awareness

When a negative(消极的) thought pops into your mind, immediately correct it. Instead of telling yourself “That's a nice shirt, but I can't afford it，” change the message to “That will look great with my black pants when I can afford it.” 2.

Of course everyone complains sometimes. But the less frequently you complain, the better you will feel.

2．Distance yourself

3. Excuse yourself and go somewhere quiet, somewhere outdoors in the fresh air. Think of something pleasant before returning. You have to take this seriously because negative people can and will pull you into the quicksand.

3．Don't try to change complainers

If you find yourself trapped in a group of complainers in a meeting or at a social event, simply choose silence. Let their words bounce off you while you think of something else. Attempting to stop the complaining can make you a target. 4. If someone says, “I hate Mondays; weekends are too short，” try to think, “I'm glad I rested up over the weekend, so I'm ready to make some improvement on that big project.”

4.5.

When someone is shouting at you angrily, throw the responsibility back at them by asking, “So what do you intend to do about it？” In most cases, complainers don't really want a solution(解决方法). They just want to speak them out. If you make them aware that they themselves have to find the solutions, they will leave you alone and find someone else to complain to. If so, you will be happy.

A．Find solutions

B．Change responsibility

C．You have got a lot of company.

D．By doing this, it will lead to positive behaviors.

E．But you can redirect the discussion in your own mind.

F．Whenever possible, escape from negative conversations.

G．You will never know what they are going to talk about.

After entering high school, you must wonder how to study well. Here are some good skills for you.

1. Go to class. If you want to do well at school, going to class is the first step in studying well. If you miss classes, you will miss what the teacher thinks is important. As a result, you'll miss what is the most likely to end up on the test. 1.

2. Take good notes. Try not to write down everything. 2.Write down unfamiliar terms. After class, review your notes as soon as possible. You can fill in details that you missed and review the material while it is still fresh on your mind.

3. 38.3.If you are struggling in class, talk to your teacher. He or she may be able to give you more help before or after class. Most teachers have little sympathy(同情)for students who just become worried about failing during the last few weeks of the grading period.

4. Take part in class discussions..4.Asking questions and having eye contact with your teachers and classmates can increase your participation(参与)and your focus during the class discussion. If the material is difficult, you'd better read it before class. This helps you make your point clear in class.

5. Form study group. Get students together who want to do well in class. Make sure that everyone is familiar with the material because you do not want to spend time re-teaching material to people who do not understand it. 5. Sometimes group sessions(会议)can become chatting sessions.

A. But be careful!

B. Don't be late for your class.

C. Talk to your teacher if you need help.

D. You should write down all the new terms.

E. So if you want to study well, go to every class.

F. All you need is to put down the main points in your own words.

G. In order to learn more in class, it is helpful to take part in class discussions.

“I couldn’t survive without music,” says fifteen-year-old Steve. In the morning, Steve wakes up to his favorite ______ station. He listens to rock on the radio while he eats ______. He puts on his personal stereo (立体声唱机) before he leaves the house and listens to cassettes on the bus to ______.

“Last week I put my headphones on in the maths ______.” admits Steve. “The teacher was really ______. She took my headphones away and I couldn’t use them for a week. It was ______.” At home Steve does his homework to music—loud music.

“My mother ______ shouts ‘Turn it down!’” says Steve. “She can’t ______ how I can work ______ music on, but music ______ me to concentrate.” Steve would like to make music himself. “I’m learning to play the guitar.______, it doesn’t sound too good at the ______. But I’m going to keep practicing!”

For ______ like Steve, music is a very important part of ______. Music is social; it brings people together at discos, parties and concerts. Fast, ______ music is full of energy; it helps people to ______ their problems and have ______. Music talks about love, freedom and imagination. There are always new songs and new styles.

____ Steve’s mother agrees that music brings some problems. “Steve is a sensible boy,” she says, “I don’t think he would ever take drugs hearing rock. But I ______ worry about his hearing with all that loud music. And it ______ me crazy!”

1.A. railway B. radio C. television D. bus

2.A. supper B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner

3.A. school B. office C. work D. party

4.A. workshop B. schoolroom C. dormitory D. class

5.A. angry B. worried C. excited D. tired

6.A. surprising B. hopeless C. terrible D. poor

7.A. sometimes B. always C. frequently D. seldom

8.A. understand B. bear C. expect D. believe

9.A. while B. with C. for D. at

10.A. causes B. leads C. helps D. forces

11.A. Unluckily B. Necessarily C. Disappointingly D. Actually

12.A. moment B. last C. first D. period

13.A. boys B. teenagers C. friends D. girls

14.A. study B. school C. family D. life

15.A. sound B. loud C. light D. noisy

16.A. remove B. settle C. forget D. leave

17.A. fun B. future C. smiles D. sense

18.A. And B. However C. Meanwhile D. But

19.A. can B. should C. will D. do

20.A. causes B. results C. drives D. leaves

First aid is a kind of help1.(give) to someone who suddenly falls ill 2. gets injured before a doctor can 3.(find). Often, the illness or injury is not 4.(seriously). Here are some things about burns. You have three layers of skin that protect yourself 5. disease, poisons and the harmful rays of the sun. Your skin also gives you the sense of touch.

First aid is very important step in the 6.(treat) of burns. People can get 7.(burn) by many things, such as hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity and chemicals.

There 8.(be) three types of burns, and they are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on 9. layers of the skin are burned. Different degree burns can be treated 10. different ways. Let’s keep these things in mind.

—Our school bus will leave at 8 o`clock tomorrow. Don`t be late.

—OK. I will be there ten minutes______.

A. sooner B. slower

C. faster D. earlier

I`m happy to see great______ have taken place in my hometown. Many new roads have been built.

A. experiences B. memories

C. changes D. promises

When I was 8 years old, a gentleman came to my orphanage(孤儿院) and taught us how to do woodworking projects.

I remember my first project—a small table. I was so ______ of it that I looked upon it as if I had created a(an) ______. It was absolutely beautiful and it had taken me six weeks to ______ it. I could hardly wait to give it to Mother Winters as a ______. She was the head mistress of our orphanage, who was always ______ with us.

As the tables were not dry from the clear coating, the man told us to wait a few days before taking them to our dormitories. But I was just so ______ and happy that I couldn’t wait. I ______ out like a flash, carrying my table and smiling from ear to ear.

When I reached the dormitory I placed the little table beside my bed. I was ______ it when Mother Winters entered. She walked over to the table. Running her hand ______ it, she noticed that it was still wet.

“Were you ______ to bring this home?” she asked.

“No, ma’am,” I ______ with my head down.

She ordered me to throw the table out and so I did. After she left, I immediately opened the door to get it back. There was ______ stuck all over. I brushed and cried, but it would not come off.

I hid the table in my closet(橱柜) and never ______ it. A year later while cleaning up, I gave the table to Mother Henderson, my houseparent(宿管员), thinking that she would ______ it away.

Thirty years later at a reunion, I ______ that Mother Henderson was living nearby, so I drove up to see her. We talked cheerfully for long. As I was about to leave, she asked me to come down to her ______ to get something important. I followed her ______ into a dark corner. She picked something up. ______ she turned around, I could see that she was holding a little table.

Mother Henderson kept the little table that I had given up for lost so long ago.

Today, I look at that table with bittersweet memories but full of ______ to Mother Henderson, who kept it for a young orphan who tried very hard to ______.

1.A. tired B. ashamed C. aware D. proud

2.A. award B. record C. wonder D. product

3.A. complete B. invent C. paint D. design

4.A. reward B. gift C. prize D. souvenir

5.A. satisfied B. angry C. patient D. strict

6.A. upset B. excited C. confident D. amazed

7.A. dashed B. walked C. stepped D. climbed

8.A. drying B. admiring C. observing D. hiding

9.A. into B. after C. above D. across

10.A. supposed B. embarrassed C. encouraged D. determined

11.A. agreed B. sighed C. whispered D. argued

12.A. glue B. dirt C. paint D. wood

13.A. removed B. shook C. touched D. split

14.A. throw B. give C. take D. put

15.A. recommended B. expected C. remembered D. learned

16.A. bathroom B. basement C. balcony D. bedroom

17.A. unexpectedly B. unwillingly C. curiously D. worriedly

18.A. Until B. Since C. Before D. As

19.A. gratitude B. admiration C. sympathy D. regret

20.A. adapt B. study C. please D. perform

The orderly came back in a few minutes with a rifle（步枪）and some Burmans（缅甸人）. He told us that the elephant was in the rice fields below, only a few hundred yards away. As I started forward practically the whole population of the quarter flocked out of the houses and followed me. They had seen the rifle and were all shouting excitedly that I was going to shoot the elephant. It was fun to them, as it would be to an English crowd; besides, they wanted the meat. It made me a little uneasy. I had no intention of shooting the elephant—I had merely sent for the rifle to defend myself—and it is always uneasy to have a crowd following you. I marched down the hill, looking and feeling a fool, with the rifle over my shoulder and an ever-growing army of people knocking and pushing at my heels. Beyond the huts（小木屋）there was a rice field a thousand yards across, muddy from the first rains. The elephant was standing eight yards from the road. He took not the slightest notice of the crowd. He was tearing up bunches of grass, beating them against his knees to clean them and feeding them into his mouth.

As soon as I saw the elephant I knew with perfect certainty that I ought not to shoot him. It is a serious matter to shoot a working elephant — it is comparable to destroying a huge and costly piece of machinery. There, peacefully eating, the elephant looked no more dangerous than a cow. I thought then and I think now that his attack of “must” was already passing off; in which case he would merely wander harmlessly about. Moreover, I did not in the least want to shoot him.

But at that moment I glanced round at the crowd that had followed me. It was a huge crowd, two thousand at least and growing every minute. I looked at the sea of the faces above the colorful clothes—faces all happy and excited over this bit of fun, all certain that the elephant was going to be shot. They were watching me as they would watch a magician about to perform a trick. They did not like me. But with the magical rifle in my hands I was momentarily worth watching. And suddenly I realized that I should have to shoot the elephant after all. The people expected it of me and I had got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward. And it was at this moment that I first felt the hollowness（空洞）, the uselessness of the white man's control in the East. Here was I, standing in front of the unarmed crowds—seemingly the leading actor; but in reality only a puppet (傀儡). I understood in this moment that when the white man turns ruler of complete power it is his own freedom that he destroys.

1.The people were glad to think the elephant was to be shot mainly because ________.

A. it had damaged their homes and crops

B. it would provide them with meat

C. it would make them feel entertained

D. it was spoiling their rice fields

2.When the writer saw the elephant he felt ________.

A. foolish B. afraid C. pitiful D. confident

3.The writer realized that he had to shoot the elephant because ________.

A. shooting elephants is a serious problem

B. everybody expected it of him

C. he did not wish to disappoint the rulers

D. he had to show how guns are fired

4.What does the writer intend to tells us when he tells the story?

A. Leading actors are sometimes foolish puppets.

B. Governments for white people are useless.

C. Power can sometimes turn people imprisoned (监禁).

D. Unarmed crowds are in control of everything.

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