题目内容
9.When several different people look at the same person,it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times,you may see different things.The following are about some of the factors(因素) that lead to these different senses.Firstly,each person's senses of others are formed by his or her own cultural condition,education,and personal experiences.
Secondly,sometimes senses differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we've observed.It is not necessarily true that person sense is based on observations of a particular person.Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may center mainly on the situation or role relationship.Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents,their friends,and strangers.
Thirdly,sometimes we see only what we want to see or don't see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs,desires,or temporary emotional states.This is a process known as selective sense.Selective sense is obviously more difficult when contradictory(矛盾的) information is particularly obvious,but it can be done.We can ignore the stimulus"He's basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(商店行窃)."We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information-"All kids get into naughty behavior.Taking a book from bookstore isn't such a big deal."We can change the meaning of the contradictory information-"It wasn't shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later."
68.The first factor given by the author that affects our sense isC.
A.experiences one learns from others
B.important measures taken by other people
C.cultural background and personal experiences
D.the abilities of one's hearing and seeing sensors
69.While observing a particular person,D.
A.children often differ from grown-ups in sense
B.one pays more attention to his/her advantages
C.one is likely to take all aspects into consideration
D.one tends to choose certain cues (提示) to look for
70.Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ becauseA.
A.their measuring standards are not the same
B.the time for observation is not long enough
C.either of them may be slow to catch information
D.they each express their impressions in different languages
71.The underlined word"stimulus"in Paragraph 4refers toC.
A.something attractive B.selective sense
C.contradictory information D.shoplifting.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了几个人看同样的人会感觉不一样,同一个人在不同的时候看同一件事情也会不同,这是因为一些因素影响人们的认知.
解答 68.C.细节题:从第一段的句子:Each person's perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning,education,and personal experiences.可知第一个影响人的认知的因素是我们的文化背景和个人经历.故选C.
69.D.细节题:从文章第三段的句子:It is not necessarily true that person perception is based on observations of a particular person.Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person; or you may focus primarily on the situation or role relationship.可知当观察一个特定的人,一个人往往会选择某些方面看.故选D.
70.A.细节题:依据句子"Most people do not use the same yardstick(尺码) to measure their parents,their friends,and strangers."可知同样的人同时被两个人观察可能不一样,因为他们使用的是不同的标准,故选A.
71.C.猜词题:从文章第四段的句子:Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory information is particularly obvious,but it can be done.选择性认知很显然更难,当矛盾信息显而易见的时候,可知"stimulus"是矛盾的信息,故选C.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.
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Sawfish are food hunters of the sea.When a sawfish is hungry,it waves its sharp-toothed snout (口鼻部) through a group of fish.Then,it lifts its nose and uses its mouth to draw the injured victims.
Hardy (适应力强的) population of sawfish thrived in warm waters along coastlines around the world for thousands of years.Over the past 200 years,however,human actions have severely endangered sawfish.Threats include fishing nets that trap the huge animals,often by mistake.
Some people collect sawfish's snouts as prizes:One snout recently sold for nearly $ 1,600 online.In some Asian cultures,the toothy snouts are used in ceremonies to drive evil and disease away.And sawfish are also delicious.A growing demand in Asia for the fish's fins for a pricey soup has contributed to the fish's loves.Compared with other fish,sawfish give birth late in life and at slow rates,which makes it hard for them to recover from overfishing.
New efforts now aim to restore sawfish population.Beginning next month,an international agreement will provide protection for all seven of the world's sawfish species.Scientists are hoping that it's not too late to save the sawfish.
Until 1998,"this fish had never been formally studied in the United States,"says Tonya Wiley of the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota,Fla."We didn't know such basic things as where they live,what habitat they use,how often they breed,how many young they have-even what age sawfish are when they begin breeding."
Through historical studies and field research,scientists have become aware of how much the fish's numbers have decreased.Today,there may be 90 percent fewer sawfish than there used to be.Wiley estimates that only 3,000 to 6,000 sawfish remain in US waters.
Sawfish
Size | over (71)6 meters long. | |
Appearance | Body:(72)Flat and wingedNose:Like a chainsaw | |
(73)Steps/Ways of hunting for food | Attacking fish with (74)its sharp-toothed snout. | |
Drawing the injured victims with its mouth. | ||
(75)Factors/Reasons/Causesof Sawfish's disappearance | (76)People's fish-catching activities/Human actions | |
Sawfish's snout relates business. | ||
Its (77)giving birth/breeding late and slowly which makes it hard to recover from overfishing. | ||
(78)Present/Today's situation | Only 10% sawfish left | |
3,000 to 6,000 remain in US waters | ||
Efforts | (79)Aim/Goal/Purpose | Restoring sawfish population |
Measure | (80)Providing protection for all seven of the world's sawfish species |
One spring,the boy's father got some saplings (树苗) (28)B the neighbor and told his (29)A to plant one each person.The father also (30)A to buy a favorite gift for whoever grew best.The boy also wanted to get his father's (31)C.But seeing his brothers and sisters carry water actively,he lost (32)B.So after watering it once or twice,he never (33)D it.
A few days later,when the little boy went to see his tree again,he was (34)C to find that it appeared greener and (35)A than his sisters'and brothers'.His father (36)B his promise,and said that he would surely become an outstanding botanist (植物学家) when he (37)C up.
From then on,the little boy slowly became (38)B.One night,looking at the bright moonlight outside,he suddenly recalled what the (39)A teacher once said:plants generally grow at night.Then he came to the courtyard and unexpectedly found his father (40)C under his tree with a big spoon. (41)D,he understood:his father had been secretly watering his small tree!He (42)A to his room,tears running down out of control…
Years passed.The little boy didn't become a botanist,(43)D he was elected President of the United States.His name was Franklin Roosevelt.
(44)A is the best nutrition (营养) of life,even if it is just one spoonful of clear (45)C,it can make the tree of life lively.
26.A.always | B.often | C.seldom | D.sometimes |
27.A.nodded | B.raised | C.bent | D.lowered |
28.A.through | B.from | C.of | D.into |
29.A.children | B.sons | C.daughters | D.neighbours |
30.A.promised | B.demanded | C.agreed | D.wished |
31.A.tool | B.praise | C.gift | D.help |
32.A.touch | B.heart | C.sight | D.face |
33.A.looked into | B.looked for | C.looked around | D.looked after |
34.A.disappointed | B.excited | C.surprised | D.worried |
35.A.stronger | B.weaker | C.heavier | D.shorter |
36.A.changed | B.kept | C.made | D.broke |
37.A.turned | B.woke | C.grew | D.stayed |
38.A.peaceful | B.hopeful | C.helpful | D.useful |
39.A.biology | B.physics | C.chemistry | D.history |
40.A.sleeping | B.resting | C.working | D.singing |
41.A.Fortunately | B.Therefore | C.However | D.Suddenly |
42.A.returned | B.came | C.turned | D.walked |
43.A.and | B.or | C.so | D.but |
44.A.Love | B.Help | C.Work | D.Promise |
45.A.sand | B.soup | C.water | D.soil |