题目内容

Chocolate is good for your heart, skin and brain. Usually, people think that chocolate is bad for their health. They describe chocolate as “something to die for” or say “death by chocolate”. Now they should bite their tongues! Evidence(证据) is showing that some kinds of chocolate are actually good for you in the following ways:
A happier heart
Scientists at Harvard University recently examined 136 studies on cocoa—the main ingredient in chocolate and found that it does seem to strengthen the heart. Studies have shown heart benefits from increased blood flow. These benefits are the result of cocoa’s chemicals, which seem to prevent both cell damage and inflammation(炎症).
Better blood pressure
If yours is high, chocolate may help. Jeffrey Blumberg from Tufts University recently 
found that people with high blood pressure who ate 3.5 ounces of dark chocolate 
per day for two weeks their blood pressure drop quickly.
Muscle magic
Chocolate milk may help you recover after a hard workout(锻炼). In a small study at Indiana University, people who drank chocolate milk between workouts did better on a tiredness test than those who had some sports drinks.
Better for your skin. German researchers gave 24 women a half-cup of special cocoa every day. After three months, the women’s skin was moister(滑润的)and smoother. The research shows that chocolate helps protect and increase blood flow to the skin, improving its appearance.
Brain gains
It sounds almost too good to be true, but research suggests that chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving by increasing blood flow to the brain.
小题1:Which of the following is wrong?                                            
A．Coca’s chemicals can prevent both cell damage and inflammation.
B．Chocolate may help you lower your blood pressure.
C．People early know chocolate is good for their health.
D．Chocolate may improve your memory, attention span, reaction time, and problem-solving.
小题2:What’s the meaning of the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?
A．Sports drinks are better than chocolate milk.
B．Sports drinks can make people easy to be tired.
C．Drinking milk can keep you energetic at work.
D．We should drink chocolate milk between times when we work hard.
小题3:What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Chocolate, a Healthy FoodB．More Chocolate, Less Health
C．Chocolate and Blood PressureD．Advice on Eating Chocolate
小题4:What’s the meaning of “bite their tongues” in the first paragraph?
A．Think of it.B．Speak up. C． Stop talkingD．Listen to it

小题1:C
小题2:D
小题3:A
小题4:C

试题分析：这篇文章主要介绍了人们过去认为巧克力不好，这是一个误区。经科学研究表明巧克力是一种健康食物，对人的健康有益。
小题1:根据They describe chocolate as “something to die for” or say “death by chocolate”，故选C。
小题2:这句话的意思是在锻炼后喝巧克力牛奶的人比在锻炼后喝运动饮料的人，更容易恢复体力，故选D。
小题3:根据Chocolate is good for your heart, skin and brain，A项为正确答案。
小题4:根据Usually, people think that chocolate is bad for their health. They describe chocolate as “something to die for” or say “death by chocolate”. Now they should bite their tongues! Evidence(证据) is showing that some kinds of chocolate are actually good for you in the following ways，故选C。
点评：要想答好题目，重在理解全文意思。这篇文章非常简单，先看问题，再带着问题读短文，找出各段落的主旨句，理解全文内容，总结全文中心，然后再回到问题上来，很容易选出正确答案。
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What happens inside the skull of a soccer player who repeatedly heads a soccer ball? That question motivated a challenging new study of the brains of experienced players that has caused discussion and debate among soccer players, and some anxiety among those of us with soccer-playing children.
For the study, researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York selected 34adults, men and women. All of the volunteers had played soccer since childhood and now competed year-round in adult soccer leagues. Each filled out a detailed questionnaire developed especially for this study to determine how many times they had headed a soccer ball in the previous year, as well as whether they had experienced any known concussions (脑震荡) in the past.
Then the players completed computerized tests of their memory and other learning skills and had their brains scanned, using a complicated new M.R.I. technique which can find structural changes in the brain that can't be seen during most scans.
According to the data they presented at a Radiological Society of North America meeting last month, the researchers found that the players who had headed the ball more than about 1,100 times in the previous 12 months showed significant loss of white matter in parts of their brains involved with memory, attention and the processing of visual information, compared with players who had headed the ball fewer times.
This pattern of white matter loss is "similar to those seen in traumatic (外伤的) brain injury", like that after a serious concussion, the researchers reported, even though only one of these players was reported to have ever experienced a concussion.
The players who had headed the ball about 1,100 times or more in the past year were also generally worse at recalling lists of words read to them, forgetting or fumbling the words far more often than players who had headed the ball less.
小题1:The passage is most probably a______.
A．news reportB．research report
C．story for soccer playersD．text for doctors
小题2:In which way can we find the structural changes in the brain?
A．Computerized test.B．Questionnaire..
C．Scanning.D．M.R.I. technique.
小题3:From the passage we can conclude that frequent heading may have_____.
A．significant effect on brainB．little effect on one's brain
C．nothing to do with the brain injuryD．one's memory improved
小题4:What is likely to be the cause of memory loss?
A．Playing soccer frequently.B．Tests of their memory.
C．White matter loss.D．Information processing.
小题5:The underlined word "fumbling" is closest in meaning to______.
A．rememberingB．misunderstanding
C．recallingD．missing
All right! Enough cookies,cola, and chips! It seems that junk food is all that the children want to eat these days.Television controls their tastes.The kids see well-known personalities eating potato chips, candy and other processed food, and they want to be like their heroes.How do they do it?They eat the same food. I wish there were more characters like old Popeye（大力水手）, the sailor, who ate spinach（菠菜） and not French fries.
Now I don't expect my children to eat healthy food because I like brown rice, beans, and fresh vegetables. I'm glad to cook traditional meals of meat and potatoes for them. I really can't be too upset with the kids because most adults aren't careful about what they eat. The other night, my wife and I went to a party where there was plenty to drink but very little for us to eat. They served hot dogs and hamburgers. I can't eat hot dogs, with all those preservatives（防腐剂）, and hamburgers are filled with chemicals so that they look better. Besides the meat, they had sugar-filled cookies and cake, and of course, chips. I don't want the world to change because of me, but I think people should realize that there are alternatives(选择) to eating meat. They always tell me that I probably don't get my essential(必要的) proteins. I feel better than ever and I'm sure that it's because I'm a vegetarian(素食主义者). I would really like to see more television advertisements which show the benefits of good, healthy, natural food.
小题1:According to the passage, it seems that ______.
A．canned food is the only one that the kids enjoy most.
B．the children like to have fried chicken only.
C．the kids prefer to have cold drinks, not junk food
D．the children like nothing better than junk food: cookies and chips
小题2:which of the following is NOT true?
A．Television influences children’s food choice
B．The author is not single and he eats meats
C．Though the author is a vegetarian, he feels very healthy
D．It is certain that beans and spinach are not junk food
小题3:The writer is a vegetarian, so people doubt very much _____.
A．why he goes to the party　　B．whether he gets enough proteins
C．whether he allows his children to eat meatD．whether he is healthy and strong
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning(中毒). Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
Certain microorganisms（微生物）cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release（释放）poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.
小题1:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Food when poisoned can make people sick.B．Food poisoning means death.
C．Food poisoning comes in varieties.D．Food poisoning can be serious.
小题2:We know from the passage that the symptoms of food poisoning        .
A．are always accompanied by a feverB．are too common to be noted
C．can be noticed within hoursD．can he ignored
小题3:Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT       .
A．some chemicalsB．low temperatures
C．some tiny living thingsD．certain natural materials
小题4:From Paragraph 5,we can learn that        .
A．mushrooms should not be eaten
B．vegetables are safer than meat and seafood
C．natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicals
D．different types of food should be handled differently
小题5:It can be inferred from the passage that       .
A．natural materials are safe in food processing
B．chemicals are needed in food processing
C．food poisoning can be kept under control
D．food poisoning is out of control
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
小题1:Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.
A．keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B．monitoring patients’ body functions
C．removing people’s bad living habits
D．ensuring people’s psychological well-being
小题2:In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________.
A．good health is more than not being ill
B．drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful
C．regular health checks are essential to keeping fit
D．prevention is more difficult than cure
小题3:Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he ________.
A．does not have any unhealthy living habits
B．does not have any physical handicaps
C．is able to handle his daily routines
D．is free from any kind of disease
小题4:According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ________.
A．to best satisfy their body’s special needs
B．to strive to maintain the best possible health
C．to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D．to keep a proper balance between work and leisure
小题5:According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
A．People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
B．People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
C．People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations.
D．People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.
There is an English saying: “Laughter is the best medicine.” Until recently, few people took the saying seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to look into (调查) laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found that laughter really can improve people’s health. Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films while doctors checked their heart, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart beating and breathing; it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial (有益的).
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group that tolerated (忍受) the pain for the longest time was the groups which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce a kind of chemicals in the brain which reduce both stress (紧张；压力) and pain.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors in the United States now hold laughter clinics (诊所), in which they help to improve their patients’ condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小题1:The underlined phrase “took the saying seriously” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.
A．treat the saying as importantB．treat the saying as interesting
C．treat the saying as dangerousD．treat the saying as funny
小题2:The main idea of the passage is _______.
A．laughter and physical exercises have similar effects on the human body
B．smile can produce the same effects as laughter
C．pain can be reduced by laughter
D．laughter is the best medicine
小题3:Doctors hold laughter clinics _______.
A．to give better condition to their patients
B．in order to improve patients’ health
C．to make patients smile
D．to prove smile and laughter have the same effect
Lots of people are unhappy with their present weight, but most aren't sure how to change it. You may want to look like the models or actors in magazines and on TV, but those goals might not be healthy or realistic (现实的) for you. Being healthy is really about being at a weight that is right for you. The best way to find out if you are at a healthy weight or if you need to lose or gain weight is to talk to a doctor or dietitian（营养学家）. If it turns out that you can benefit from weight loss, then you can follow a few of the simple suggestions listed below to get started.
_______________________. Ask your mom or dad to lend help and support and to make lifestyle changes that will benefit the whole family, if possible. Those who have the support of their families tend to have better results with their weight-management programs.
Watch your drinks. It’s amazing how many extra calories can be in the sodas, juices and other drinks that you take in every day. Simply cutting out a can of soda or one sports drink can save you 150 calories or more each day. Slake yourself with water or other sugar-free drinks when you’re thirsty and stay away from sugary juices and sodas.
Stop eating when you’re full. Lots of people eat when they’re full. Try to pay attention as you eat and stop when you are full.
Avoid diet pills. They can be dangerous to your health; besides, there’s no evidence that they help keep weight off over the long term.
Get moving. You don’t have to play a team sport or go to the gym. Try different kinds of activities from hiking to cycling, or to dancing until you find what you like.
小题1:According to the passage, before you decide to lose or gain weight you must know _________.
A．how you will do it
B．how long it should last
C．whether you have a healthy weight
D．what your realistic goal is
小题2:Which of the following would be the best to be put in the blank in the second paragraph?
A．Find a partner.
B．Make weight loss a family behavior.
C．Don’t give up easily.
D．Small changes make a difference.
小题3:The underlined part ‘Slake yourself’ in the third paragraph means “__________”
A．Stop yourself feeling thirsty.
B．Make yourself feel less tired.
C．Make yourself feel comfortable.
D．Stop yourself feeling less hungry.
小题4:We can learn from the passage that __________.
A. exercising is harmful to one’s health
B. diet pills may not help one lose weight in the long term
C. having eating trouble is the No.1 cause of being overweight
D. all models or actors in magazines and on TV have weight problems
If you do not use your arm or your legs for some time, they become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory in practice by using it. When someone else says that his memory（记忆力） is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chance to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his own fault(过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame(受责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but usually they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things they cannot write down in a little notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories; so their memory is the whole time being exercised. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from the people: Practice remembering.
小题1:The main reason for one’s poor memory is that _______.
A．his father or mother may have a poor memory
B．he does not use his arm or legs for some time
C．his memory is not often used
D．he can’t read or write
小题2:If you do not use your arms or legs for some time _______.
A．you can’t use them any more
B．they will become stronger
C．they become weak and won’t become strong until you use them again.
D．they will become neither stronger nor weaker
小题3:Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Your memory works in the same way as your arms or legs.
B．Your memory, like your arms or legs, becomes weak if you don’t give it enough chance for practice.
C．Don’t learn how to read and write if you want to have a better memory.
D．A good memory comes from more practice.
小题4:Some people can’t read or write, but they usually have better memories, because _______.
A．they have save much trouble
B．they have saved much time to remember things
C．they have to use their memories all the time
D．they can’t write everything in a little notebook
小题5:Which is the best title for this passage?
A．Don’t Stop Using Your Arms or LegsB．How to Have a Good Memory
C．Strong Arms and Good MemoriesD．Learn From the People
Having one of those days—or weeks—when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood （心情）will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster, often within a day or two.
Walk it off
Exercise is the most popular bad-mood buster. A person who’s in a bad mood has low energy and high tension. Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or taking some quick exercise can do wonders towards changing that bad mood.
Tune it out
Listening to your favorite music for a while can also make tensions go away quickly, because music starts associations with past positive experiences we’ve had.
Give yourself a pep talk
Stop and listen to what’s on your mind. Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts. Write them all down on paper, including the pessimistic（悲观的）messages you’ve been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers.（“I still don’t have a job.” Vs” I have two interviews next week.”）
Reduce your stress
Relaxation techniques are wonderful mood-lifters. There include de3ep breathing, stretching and visualizing, all of which sound complicated(复杂的)but aren’t. One easy way to visualize, close your eyes and picture a favorite place, such as the beach. Another simple way to unhappiness is to make a to-do list. One reason for being in a bad mood is feeling you have no options. By taking control over certain areas, you realize you’re not helpless. You can make changes in your mood and life.
Avoid things that won’t improve your mood
TV may not help much: you need to increase your energy level and stimulate（刺激）your mind-something that the TV show “Neighbors” won’t do. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how mood and food are linked. Sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. The better choice? Research shows that carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasta(面食), produce a calming effect on people who have a desire for them.
小题1:Which of the following may help us stop a bad mood?
A．Draw a picture of something complicated．B．Put more sugar into your coffee．
C．Writing down negative thoughts．D．look ahead and write something positive．
小题2:Why is it suggested that you close your eyes and picture the beach?
A．It helps raise your spirits．B．It brings us a new technique．
C．It is not complicated to do so．D．It is an area to be easily controlled．
小题3:What can we infer from the passage?
A．You don’t have to be nice to your neighborsB．you often feel powerful when in bad mood
C．Some TV shows won’t energize youD．Slow exercise can gets you out of bad mood
小题4:Which would be the best title for this passage?
A．How to Beat a Bad MoodB．Energy Level and Stress
C．Bad Mood and Our LifeD．How to Control Your Feeling

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