Don’t be surprised if you see a group of people dancing or shouting on the square. They are a flash mob (快闪族). Confused by their name? Actually, a flash mob, organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communications networks, is a group of people who gather suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a period of time, such as exchanging books, coming together to look at the sky, waving their hands and shouting something at the top of their lungs for 30 seconds, and then quickly disappear before the police can arrive.

Bill Wasik, senior editor of Harper’s Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003 and the first successful flash mob gathered on June 3, 2003 at Macy’s department store involving 100 people gathering on Macy’s Department Store. Following this, about 200 people flooded the lobby of the Hyatt hotel, applauding in one voice for fifteen seconds, and next participants pretending to be tourists on a trip invaded a shoe shop in Soho. A later mob saw hundreds of people in Central Park making bird noises.

Wasik claimed that he created flash mobs as a social experiment designed to tease hipsters (追逐时尚的人), and highlight the cultural atmosphere of agreement and of being part of “the next big thing”. Many web logs, chat rooms and Web groups are devoted to the craze. Though flash mobs were originally regarded as useless, the concept has already developed for the benefit of political and social events. Flash mobbing takes advantage of the efficiency of communicating information on Websites and by email, and protesters can similarly use the “on and off” concept to be involved in political events. Such flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock or frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place. They also have enormous economic potential, such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.

The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular. People use it to do many things. For example, in 2009, hundreds of Michael Jackson’s fans took part in a flash mob to remember him, gathering outside the railway station in Liverpool, singing and dancing Michael’s famous song, beat it together. In another example, some people took part in a flash mob to warn people against negative words. Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.

1. A flash mob is most likely to .

A. give out leaflets of a brand bicycle to the passers-by

B. gather in public places performing and leave quickly

C. plan to go mountaineering on the first day of Horse Year

D. sit for days in front of the city hall for higher wages

2.According to the passage, what contribute(s) most to the popularity of the flash mob?

A. Harper’s Magazine B. the government

C. political events D. digital networks

3.The purpose of the writing is .

A. to amuse and interest B. to argue and advise

C. to describe and introduce D. to question and comment

Whether you’re eating at a fancy restaurant or dining in someone’s home,proper table manners are likely to help you make a good impression.According to a US expert,Emily Post,“All rules of table manners are made to avoid ugliness.”

While Henry Hitchings of the Los Angeles Times admits that good manners can reduce social conflict,he points out that mostly their purpose is protective – they turn our natural warrior like selves into more elegant ones.

So where did table manners come from?

In medieval England,a writer named Petrus Alfonsi took the lead to urge people not to speak with their mouths full.And King David I of Scotland also proposed that any of his people who learned to eat more neatly be given a tax deduction (减除).

Disappointingly,that idea never caught on.It was during the Renaissance,when there were real technical developments,opinions of correct behavior changed for good.“None of these was more significant than the introduction of the table fork,” wrote Hitchings.“Gradually,as forks became popular,they brought the new way of eating,making it possible,for instance,to consume berries without making one’s fingers dirty.”

Forks were introduced to Britain in 1608 and 25 years later,the first table fork reached America.Yet while most of the essentials (基本要素) are the same on both sides of the Atlantic,there are a few clear differences between what’s normal in the US and what holds true in the UK.For example,in the US,when food needs cutting with a knife,people generally cut a bite,then lay aside the knife and switch the fork to their right hand.Then they pick up one bite at a time.By contrast,Britons keep the fork in the left hand and don’t lay the knife down.

Though globalization has developed a new,simpler international standard of table manners,some people still stick with the American cut and switch method.The Los Angeles Times noted,“They are hanging on to a form of behavior that favors manners above efficiency.”

1.What does the story mainly talk about?

A.The importance of proper table manners.

B.The development of table manners in Western countries.

C.Some unwritten rules of table manners in the US and UK.

D.Differences between American and British table manners.

2.The underlined phrase “caught on” in the passage probably means ______.

A.worked in practice

B.became popular

C.drew attention

D.had a positive effect

3.Which of the following events influenced people’s table manners most according to the article?

A.The introduction of forks.

B.The tax deduction policy.

C.The rise of the Renaissance.

D.Petrus Alfonsi’s efforts in promoting table manners.

4.What can we conclude from the article?

A.British and American table manners are completely different from each other.

B.American people pay more attention to their table manners than British people do.

C.With globalization,the American cut and switch method has been abandoned in the US.

D.British people’s way of using a knife and fork may be more efficient than American people’s.

Life is filled with challenges.As we get older we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that shape us and make us who we are,it is the same with the challenges that come with friendship.When we are faced with a challenge,we usually have two choices.We can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing presenting the challenge isn’t worth the trouble and call it quits.Although there are certainly times when calling it quits is the right thing to do,in most cases all that is needed is commitment(承诺)and communication.

When we are committed to something, it means that no matter how painful or how uncomfortable something is,we will always choose to face it through instead of running away from it.Communication is making a space for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the other person did wrong.If you can say to a friend,“I got my feelings hurt.” rather than“You hurt my feelings.”you are going to be able to solve the problem much faster.

In dealing with many challenges that friendship will bring to you, try to see them for what they are:small hurdles you need to jump or get through on your way through life.Nothing is so big that it is impossible to get over, and hurt only serves to make us stronger.It is all part of growing up,it happens to everyone,and some day you will look back on all of this and say,“Hard as it was,it made me who I am today.And that is a good thing.”

1.What is the underlined word“committed”can be replaced by ____________.

A. devoted B satisfied

C. smpdsed D. interested

2.It can be inferred from the text that _____________.

A. friendship needs challenges

B. challenges shape our character

C. small hurdles aren’t worth the trouble

D. commitment promotes friendship

3.The writer suggests that _____________ when faced with a challenge.

A. one should call it quits

B. one should temporarily run away from it

C. one should be committed and communicable

D. one should lay it a side for a while

4.According to the passage,if your friend hurts your feelings,you are well advised to _______________.

A. forget it

B. talk to him/her about it directly

C. communicate properly with him/her

D. run away from it

5.The whole passage is centered on the relationship between _____________.

A. friendship and challenges

B. commitment and communication

C. communication and friendship

D. challenges and the ways to get through

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