题目内容


At East China University of Science and Technology, students will get a coupon（优惠券）if they eat up their food. Students can collect coupons and exchange them for small gifts, such as books, magazines, mobile phone covers and hand warmers.
“It’s been such a surprise,” said Liang Zhaoyun, 19, a student at the university in Shanghai. “It has given us one more motivation to finish our food.”
The measure （措施） is part of a national “eat-up” campaign（行动） which is organized by students to deal with food waste on campuses（校园）.
Why only on campuses, you might ask? Because according to a report by Xinhna News Agency, students waste twice as much food as the national average（平均）.
The campaign on campus food waste is receiving attention across the country.
“The aim of the campaign is not only to encourage students to finish their food. We hope it can also encourage students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle,” said Tao Siliang, secretary of the Youth League Committee at Shanghai University.
But some school food is poorly prepared, so students do not like to finish it all. Some schools have taken notice of this and they are taking measures to improve it.
“I’m glad that we’ve reduced food waste since the ‘eat-up’ campaign began. But if we call on students to waste less food, we should also improve the service and food standard on campuses.” said Tao

  1. 1.

    From Paragraph l, we know that the students will get a coupon _______.

    1. A.
      when they eat school food
    2. B.
      after they exchange gifts
    3. C.
      if they collect the waste
    4. D.
      if they finish all their food
  2. 2.

    The underlined word “motivation” in Paragraph 2 means _______ in Chinese.

    1. A.
      动力
    2. B.
      机会
    3. C.
      试验
    4. D.
      条件
  3. 3.

    The “eat-up” campaign is carried out on campuses because _______.

    1. A.
      students get a good education
    2. B.
      schools offer small gifts
    3. C.
      students waste too much food
    4. D.
      school food is more delicious
  4. 4.

    The purpose of the campaign is mainly to _______.

    1. A.
      improve the school food standard
    2. B.
      encourage a greener and healthier lifestyle
    3. C.
      receive attention from the society
    4. D.
      further improve the service in universities
  5. 5.

    The best title for this passage may be _______.

    1. A.
      Enjoy Your Food!
    2. B.
      Reduce Waste on Campus
    3. C.
      Meals in Universities
    4. D.
      “Eat-up” Campaign on Campus
DACBD
文章主要讲述上海的某些学校采取措施针对学生浪费食物的现象，采用奖励和鼓励的政策令这一现象得到缓解。
1.细节题。根据文章第一段的students will get a coupon（优惠券）if they eat up their food可以得知学生把食物都吃完后，可以得到优惠券，选D。
2.词义推断题。原句是It has given us one more motivation to finish our food，翻译成：这给了我们更多动力要吃完食物。所以选A
3.细节题。根据文章第四段的原句students waste twice as much food as the national average，可知是因为学生浪费的食物太多，所以选C
4.细节题。根据文章倒数第三段的We hope it can also encourage students to choose a more environment-friendly and healthy lifestyle，可知这个活动的目的是鼓励绿色健康的生活方式，应选择B
5.标题选择题。文章主要讲的就是学校鼓励学生吃完食物，所以选D
考点：考查教育类短文
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Why are we addicted to upgrades? According to Donald Norman, American author of the book The Design of Everyday Things, “planned obsolescence”（计划性报废） is the trick behind the upgrading culture of today’s consumer electronics industry.
The New York Times cited Norman last month, saying that electronics manufactures strategically release new upgrades periodically, both for hardware and software, so that customers on every level feel the need to buy the newest version.
“This is an old-time trick– they’re not inventing anything new,” he said.
Thomas Wensma, a Dutch designer, despises the “planned obsolescence” of companies, as recently reported by UK-based The Guardian.
Wensma said this is a wasteful system through which companies – many of them producing personal electronics – release shoddy products simply because “they know that, in six months or a year, they’ll put out a new one”.
But the new psychology of consumers is part of this system, as Wensma said to the newspaper: “We now want something new, something pretty, the next shiny thing.”
____________________
“It’s to the damage of the consumer and the environment,” as the New York Times quoted Norman. “But perhaps to the betterment of the stockholder.”
In its most recent fiscal(财务的) year, Apple’s profit margin was more than 21 percent, reported the Los Angeles Times. At Hewlett-Packard, the world’s biggest PC manufacturer, it was only 7 percent.
“Steven Jobs pushed the principle of ‘planned obsolescence’ to new heights,” the newspaper commented on the company’s profits and marketing strategy. “Apple’s annual upgrades of its products generate sales of millions of units as owners of one year’s MacBook or iPhone line up to buy the newest version, even when the changes are incremental.”
Peer pressure
As to Li Jijia, the need for upgrading his smart phone comes mainly from friends and classmates. When the majority of friends are switching to the latest devices, he worries about feeling left out.
“Some apps and games require better hardware to run,” said Li. “If you don’t join in, you lose part of the connection to your friends.”

  1. 1.

    Donald Norman believes that electronics makers strategically release new upgrades periodically because __________

    1. A.
      customers need the latest version
    2. B.
      technology is developing so fast
    3. C.
      they want to invent something new
    4. D.
      they can make a lot of money
  2. 2.

    Thomas Wensma’s attitude to the “planned obsolescence” is __________

    1. A.
      positive
    2. B.
      negative
    3. C.
      indifferent
    4. D.
      neutral
  3. 3.

    What subtitle can best fit into the blank in the text?

    1. A.
      Huge profits
    2. B.
      Apple’s principle
    3. C.
      Environmental damage
    4. D.
      Marketing strategy
  4. 4.

    The writer takes the example of Li Jijia to show that __________

    1. A.
      the new psychology of consumers is also to blame for the wasteful system
    2. B.
      young people are always fond of something new, pretty and shiny
    3. C.
      if you don’t upgrade your smart phone, you will lose contact with your friends
    4. D.
      needs of consumers help to promote the development of electronics industry

A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate（中级的） and post-intermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.
The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.
In the fourth edition the main changes are as follows.
1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.
2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses and nouns.
3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.
4. The contents list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more entries references.
In this edition the sign “~” is frequently used to show a change of speaker in examples of dialogue. Note also that although the sign “="”" sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e.g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.
We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, West Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.
London, November 1985   A.J.T., A.VM

  1. 1.

    The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ______.

    1. A.
      a middle school teacher
    2. B.
      a primary school student
    3. C.
      a senior high student
    4. D.
      a college student
  2. 2.

    According to the passage, we know that his grammar book ______.

    1. A.
      compares modern English with old English
    2. B.
      gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty
    3. C.
      attaches more importance to conversational forms
    4. D.
      pays little attention to strict grammatical forms
  3. 3.

    Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?

    1. A.
      This book keeps up with the latest usages of the America English language
    2. B.
      This edition offers more information about pronouns
    3. C.
      It’s not easy for us to find the information we need in this book
    4. D.
      One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”
  4. 4.

    When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ~Yes, I managed to get one”, we can understand that ______.

    1. A.
      the two parts before and after the sign “~” mean the same
    2. B.
      the two parts before and after “~” are said by two different people
    3. C.
      the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says
    4. D.
      the topic is changed in the part after the sign “~”
  5. 5.

    In the last paragraph, the authors thank several people because______.

    1. A.
      they have helped the authors with this edition
    2. B.
      they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors
    3. C.
      the authors want to make use of the fames of those people
    4. D.
      those people will make advertisements for this book

Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can't be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying(腐烂) food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering (妨碍) with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.
Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical(机械的）maintenance (保养）as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision(提供)of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you stop treating the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there's life, there's hope.
When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun

  1. 1.

    It is implied in Paragraph 1 that______

    1. A.
      very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean
    2. B.
      social services have nothing to do with very old people
    3. C.
      very old people enjoy living with their relatives
    4. D.
      very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedom
  2. 2.

    Some social workers think that______

    1. A.
      personal freedom is more important than health and safety
    2. B.
      health and safety are more important than personal freedom
    3. C.
      old people should keep their rooms clean
    4. D.
      one should not take the risk of dealing with old people
  3. 3.

    The author thinks that______

    1. A.
      medical decisions for old people should be left to the doctors
    2. B.
      old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very rich
    3. C.
      it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death
    4. D.
      the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtful

Welcome to Franklin Hotel. To make you stay as enjoyable as possible, we hope you will use our facilities(设施) to the full.
Dining Room: Breakfast is served in the dining room from 8 to 9:30 a.m. Also the room staff(服务员)may bring breakfast to your room at any time after 7 a.m. If this happens, please fill out a card and hang outside your door when you go to bed. Lunch is from 12 to 2:30 p. m. Dinner is from 7:30 to 9 p. m.
Room Service: This operates 24 hours a day; phone the Reception desk(总台), and your message will be passed on to the staff.
Telephones: To make a phone call, dial(拨) 0 for Reception and ask to be connected. We apologized for delays(拖延) if the lines are very busy. There are also public telephones near the Reception desk. Tell Reception if early calls are needed.
Shop: The hotel shop is open for presents, gifts and goods from 9 a. m. to 5:30 p. m.
Laundry : We have a laundry in the building, and will wash, iron(烫) and return your clothes within 24 hours, ask the room staff to collect them.
Bar(酒吧): The hotel bar is open from 12 to 2 p. m. and 7 p. m. to 1 a. m.
Banking : The Reception staff will cash cheques and exchange(兑换) any foreign money for you

  1. 1.

    You would see this notice ______.

    1. A.
      in a hotel bar
    2. B.
      in a hotel dining room
    3. C.
      in a bedroom of a large international hotel
    4. D.
      at the entrance of a small family hotel
  2. 2.

    You have arrived at the hotel at 2 a. m. and want a quick meal. What should you do?

    1. A.
      Go to the hotel shop
    2. B.
      Go to the hotel bar
    3. C.
      Hang a message outside your door
    4. D.
      Phone the Reception desk
  3. 3.

    Your phone is powered off and the Reception desk is busy. The quickest way to make an urgent call is to______.

    1. A.
      go to your room and phone from there
    2. B.
      use one of the phones in the entrance hall
    3. C.
      ask the Reception desk to help you
    4. D.
      go out and look for a public phone box
  4. 4.

    The underlined word “laundry” (in Paragraph 6) probably means ______.

    1. A.
      phone box
    2. B.
      shopping centre
    3. C.
      clothes shop
    4. D.
      washhouse
  5. 5.

    The text tells us that______.

    1. A.
      the hotel offers at least seven kinds of services
    2. B.
      it's too difficult to stay up in this hotel
    3. C.
      you can shop at any time inside the hotel
    4. D.
      you'll have trouble without the money of the country where the hotel lies

As a tour guide, Ali is trying his best to introduce this unique land to us, with his rich knowledge and solid historical background. Whether in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, or at the well-known underground city, a strong sense of pride in Turkey can be found everywhere in his descriptions and explanations.
Turkey’s location in the Middle East brings many concerns, especially relating to security, for foreign tourists. And every time foreign tourists change their fixed and somewhat negative views about Turkey on his tour, Ali feels that all his efforts have paid off.
Ali Dede Coskuner, Tour Guide, said, “Guide makes bridge of peace, tourism brings peace to the world.”
Aside from work, the biggest comfort for Ali is his happy family, with three sons and a loving wife. But as a tour guide, his time with his family is destined to be very limited.
Ali Dede Coskuner said, “Tour guide is no timing; you don’t have fixed time to work. Sometimes, you have to work for 14—15 hours; sometimes, even more than 18 hours, and you can’t say ‘I am tired.’”
Despite these challenges, Ali always sees the beauty of the job that he does. And his smiling face always makes him an affable host for his guests.
According to Ali, there are about 10 thousand tour guides throughout Turkey, with only five thousand who are active. Because of certain legal loopholes(漏洞), not all the tour guides are licensed professionals, which results in some unfair competition. At the same time, tour guiding in Turkey is still not recognized as a profession, so guides are not included in the country’s insurance system

  1. 1.

    Ali is always taking pride in______.

    1. A.
      his rich knowledge and solid historical background
    2. B.
      changing foreign tourists’fixed and negative views about his country on his tour
    3. C.
      spending little time with his family
    4. D.
      his loving wife bringing his three sons up
  2. 2.

    Which of the following words can be used in place of the underlined word “affable” in the sixth paragraph?

    1. A.
      open-minded
    2. B.
      honest
    3. C.
      approachable
    4. D.
      easy
  3. 3.

    Ali is not satisfied with ______.

    1. A.
      his descriptions and explanations about the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations
    2. B.
      his job as a guide
    3. C.
      the policy that guides are not included in the country’s insurance system
    4. D.
      his working for 14—15 hours sometimes

The 30-mile road that runs through the mountains of Willie Valley makes most drivers′ hands sweat. But Andersen, a 46-year-old father of four, wasn’t expecting any trouble on the road last New Year’s Eve, when he set off for a ski trip to the Bear Mountains with nine-year-old daughter Mia, four-old son Baylor, and nine-year-old neighbor Kenya. Andersen had driven through the Valley hundreds of times over the years.
The weather was fine. But the higher they drove, the more slippery the road became. Rounding a sharp U-turn, Andersen saw a heavy truck off the road and immediately hit his brakes. In a minute, the car was going at 25 miles per hour down the mountain before falling down from a ten-foot dam into the extremely cold Logan River.
The crash had broken a few windows, and within seconds, the car was filled with water. “It was frightening that we were going fast into deep water,” remembers Andersen, a soft-spoken manager.
Having lost all sense of direction, Andersen began to search the freezing water for the kids. Mia had been right next to him in the front seat; now, in the blackness, he couldn’t find her. “I thought, if I don’t get out, maybe none of us are going to get out.” Andersen got out of his seat belt, swam through a broken window, and, deeply and quickly, breathed air at the surface. That’s when he saw a group of men, about ten in all, appear at the top of the dam. One after another, they rushed down into the water. Helping onto safety all the three children, they began to shout at the father, “Who else is in the car？”
Andersen says respectfully, “It was like the sight of angels.”

  1. 1.

    What might be the main cause of the car accident？

    1. A.
      The bad weather
    2. B.
      The high dam
    3. C.
      The sudden brake
    4. D.
      The heavy truck
  2. 2.

    Andersen didn’t expect any trouble on the road because _____

    1. A.
      he was familiar with the road
    2. B.
      he was good at driving
    3. C.
      his hands didn’t have sweat
    4. D.
      the weather was fine
  3. 3.

    What can be learned from the last paragraph？

    1. A.
      Andersen lost consciousness in the water
    2. B.
      Strangers helped Andersen out of the car
    3. C.
      Andersen liked Mia most among the children
    4. D.
      Strangers teamed together to save three children
  4. 4.

    The underlined sentence is to express Andersen’s feeling of being _____

    1. A.
      tired
    2. B.
      excited
    3. C.
      doubtful
    4. D.
      thankful
  5. 5.

    Which of the following can be the best title of the text？

    1. A.
      Stay calm when in trouble
    2. B.
      Drive rounding a U-turn
    3. C.
      Miracle rescue from a river
    4. D.
      Mystery of the Bear Mountains

For a lang time,a boy wonder why his next-desk-pal was always the first in the class ,  whereas he could only rank the 21st.
At home,he asked his mom：“Am I more stupid than other kids? How can I alwasys fall behind? I just can’t come with an answer.”Mom was aware that her son’s selfrespect had been damaged by the ranking system,but she didn’t know what to say to help.
She tended to say that intelligence differs and that yes,her son’s friend really was the smarter boy.But that would so upset her son .Thank goodness she resisted the temption (诱惑)to say it .
Her son and his friend went on to   high school that year,but despite trying as hard as he could,her son’s friend still outdid him.But she was proud of her boy for his hard work, sincerely proud,It was aroud this time that she decided to take him on a trip to the seaside,On the trip,she at last found an answer for him.
Today her son no longer care about rankings.He doesn’t have to,for he himself is now the top of the class at the national unversity he attands,After university his Teachers and peers fully expect him to have promising career.
Invited to speak to his old high school, he mentioned a valuable childhood experience. It concerned that holiday his mother had prepared for them: “Once, on a trip to the sea, my mother and I were lying on the beach. She pointed to the sea and said to me: Do you see the seabirds fighting for food out there? When a wave comes near, the little birds rise quickly. The clumsy(笨拙的)seagulls are far slower and have to struggle to get away from the wave. But these clumsy birds prove to have the biggest, strongest wings, which allow the bird to travel the furthest. When the season changes, they leave for foreign shores, leaving the little birds behind. Son, I have a feeling that you are one of those seagulls.”

  1. 1.

    The story convey the message that.______.

    1. A.
      competion between students is good for society
    2. B.
      only rankings show intelligence of a child
    3. C.
      chilren take competion among them to heart
    4. D.
      parents should build up chilren’s self-respect
  2. 2.

    Form the 2nd paragraph,we can see that the mother______.

    1. A.
      decided to help with her son’s homework
    2. B.
      saw the negative effects of the ranking system
    3. C.
      knew her son was weak in his study
    4. D.
      felt sorry for her son’s bad behavior
  3. 3.

    We can infer from the passage that ______.

    1. A.
      the mother was cafeful to protect her son’s self-respect
    2. B.
      the mother was not strong enough to face the truth
    3. C.
      the son knew intelligence didn’t mean anything
    4. D.
      the son would forget his rankings soon after leaving high school
  4. 4.

    Which of the following has the similar meaning with the underlined word “outdid”?

    1. A.
      was equal to
    2. B.
      laughed at
    3. C.
      did better than
    4. D.
      worked harder than

1.Needed:Full time secretary position available.Applicants should be able to type 60 words a minute.No computer skills required.Apply in person at United Business Ltd.,17 Browning Street.2.Are you looking for a part time job?We require 3 part time shop assistants to work during the evening.No experience is required,applicants should be between 18 and 26.Call 366-76564 for more information.
3.Computer trained secretaries:Do you have experience working with computers?Would you like a full time position working in an exciting new company?If your answer is yes,call 457-896754.4.Teacher needed:Tommy's Kindergarten needs 2 teachers/trainers to help with classes from 9 a.m.to 3 p.m.Applicants should have appropriate licenses(许可证）.For more information visit Tommy's Kindergarten in Leicester Square No.56.
 
5.Part time wor
available:We are looking for retired adults who would like to work part time at the weekend.Responsibilities include answering the telephone and giving customers information.For more information contact Nile Airlines by calling 345-674132.		6.University positions open:The University of Cumberland is looking for 4 teaching assistants to help with homework correction.Applicants should have a degree in one of the following:Political Science,Computer Science,Economics
or History.Please contact the University of Cumberland for more information.

  1. 1.

    Suppose you are a first-year student who wants to earn some money to pay your university expenses,you may_________

    1. A.
      call 345-674132
    2. B.
      call 366-76564
    3. C.
      contact United Business Ltd
    4. D.
      contact Cumberland University
  2. 2.

    According to the advertisements,which of the following is TRUE?

    1. A.
      Experience is required if you want to work as a shop assistant
    2. B.
      You may be employed by United Business Ltd.if you can type fast enough
    3. C.
      You are sure to get a job at Tommy's Kindergarten if you have a degree
    4. D.
      Nile Airlines needs a peson to deal with customers' information
  3. 3.

    Who are the advertisements intended for?

    1. A.
      Job hunters
    2. B.
      College graduates
    3. C.
      Retired teachers
    4. D.
      Computer majors

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