16.Few laws are so effective that you can see results just days after they take effect.But in the nine days since the federal cigarette tax more than doubled-----to 1.01 per pack----smokers have jammed telephone"quit lines"across the country seeking to kick the habit.
    This is not a surprise to public health advocates.They've studied the effect of state tax increases for years,finding that smokers,especially teens,are price sensitive,Nor is it a shock to the industry,which fiercely fights every tax increase.
    The only wonder is thst so many states insist on closing their ears to the message.Tobacco taxes improve public health,they raise money and most particularly,they deter people from taking up the habit as teens,which is when nearly all smokers are addicted.Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.
    In Manhattan,for instance,which has the highest tax in the nation,a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost  10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday.In Charleston,S.C.,where the 7-cent-a-pack tax is the lowest in the nation,the price was  4.78.
    The influence is obvious.
    In New York,high school smoking hit a new low in the latest surveys----13.8%,far below the national average.By comparison,26% of high school students smoke in Kentucky.Other low-tax states have similarly depressing teen-smoking records.
    Hal Rogers,Representative from Kentucky,like those who are against high tobacco taxes,argues that the burden of the tax falls on low-income Americans"who choose to smoke."
    That's true.But there is more reason in keeping future generations of  low-income workers from getting hooked in the first place.As for today's adults,if the new tax drives them to quit,they will have more to spend on their families,cut their risk of cancer and heart disease and feel better.
51.The text is mainly aboutC.
A.the price of cigarettes      
B.the rate of teen smoking
C.the effect of tobacco tax increase   
D.the differences in tobacco tax rate
52.What does the author think is a surprise?B
A.Teen smokers are price sensitive.
B.Some states still keep the tobacco tax low.
C.Tobacco taxes improve public health.
D.Tobacco industry fiercely fights the tax rise.
53.The underlined word"deter"in Paragraph 3most probably meansA
A.discourage    
B.remove    
C.benefit      
D.free
54.Rogers'attitude towards the low-income smokers might be that ofD
A.tolerance   
B.unconcern    
C.doubt   
D.sympathy
55.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A
A.The new tax will be beneficial in the long run.
B.Low-income Amerians are more likely to fall ill.
C.Future generations will be hooked on smoking.
D.Adults will depend more on their families.
13.Community Service
Nowadays high schools are faced with a very controversial issue whether or not community service hours are needed to graduate.High schools are arguing that 40 hours of community service are needed to graduate,but many upset students are voicing protests(反对) to this demand.
Supporters of the community service project argue that while high school students are participating in community service,they will become better aware of what the real world is like.Students will learn valuable life lesson by doing community service.(71 )A They feel that if high school students are forced to do community service they will begin to see it as a punishment and as something that they have to do because it is required instead of something that they want to do.Students will in the future look back at the community service projects that they were forced to do throughout high school.(72 )D
Another idea that the protestors give about this community service issue is time restriction.When a student goes to school full time,he is involved in after-class activities and also works.(73 )G Supporters argue back that high school students only need to fulfill 40 hours of community service throughout 4years.If students well manage their time and start the community service in their first year in high school,all they need to do is an hour every other week.(74)B The protestors argue that high school students do not have their driver's license,so how are they expected to get to their community service site when their parents or friends are at work or just too busy to give them a ride.(75)F.The supporters argue that students can find community service projects close to home or if they live in the country find another student to car pool with.
In my opinion,community service is a wonderful thing that everyone should be required to do at some point in their life,but are high school students mature and responsible enough to take on community service projects at this stage in their life?

A.Protestors have struck back with a very solid argument.
B.A final controversial issue that appears is transportation.
C.Students will feel good about themselves for helping others in need.
D.They will continue to carry a negative attitude towards community service for their lifetime.
E.Both sides have solid arguments about why community service should or should not be forced upon students.
F.Unless the school offers a means of transportation for the students there really is no solution to this problem.
G.The time that is needed to participate in a community service project may place quite a burden on the student.
17.A.A careful analysis biologically  
B.What's globle warming?
C.Solution to the terrifying result
D.Greater danger of extinction 
E.Many shocking things found  F.A shocking report

76.B
The earth is getting warmer.People burn coal,oil and gas and this produces carbon dioxide,methane and nitrous oxide.These gases,called"greenhouse gases",prevent the heat of the sun from leaving the earth's upper atmosphere and this makes the earth warmer.
77.F
A few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world.They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals.According to what they found,the scientists say that during the next 50years about 25% of land animals and plants will become extinct.More than a million plant and animal species will be extinct by 2050.
78.C
More than 10% of all plants and animals will become extinct.It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere.But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now,we could save many more plants and animals from extinction.
79.A
The scientists studied some regions of the world with a very rich biology.These regions were Europe,Australia,Central and South America,and South Africa.Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill,to get cooler.In flat areas,such as deserts,plants and animals would have to move a very long distance to get cooler,so they are in greater danger of extinction.
80.E
The scientists found that half of the 24 species of butterflies they studied in Australia would soon become extinct.60% of the species in the Kruger National Park in South Africa would also die out,and more than 100% of the 300 South Africa plant species they studied would also become extinct.One of the plants in danger of extinction is the national flower of South Africa,the King Protea.They studied 163 tree species in the Cerrado region of Brazil and found that 70 would become extinct.Many of the plants and trees that live in this region live nowhere else in the world.In Mexico,they studied 1,870 species and found that more than 30% of these were in danger of extinction.

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