Question

【题目】 A high school student has a science test on Monday but spends most of the weekend playing video games and does not start studying until late Sunday night. This kind of avoiding or delaying of work that needs to be done is called procrastination(拖沓). It has been said that up to 95% of people procrastinate at least sometimes, and about 20% of them do it too much. 【1】

The first factor is how pleasant or unpleasant people find a task. Research shows that people put off tasks they find unpleasant. Someone who loves bicycles might not delay fixing a tire, while someone who does not may put it off.

【2】 For example, those who have low expectations of success are more likely to delay starting a job. On the other hand, those who believe they can perform well take on challenging tasks rather than avoid them.

【3】 Studying hard in high school might not give high school students any immediate rewards; what they learn might not seem useful to the present. Sometimes. it is hard to see the benefit of making an effort when the reward is too far away. 【4】

Lastly, another factor is whether or not people can use self-control. Those who have less self-control can easily be drawn away from their work. Interestingly, age is said to be associated with self-control. 【5】

If procrastination is a problem for you, the first step to reducing it is identifying the reasons behind it. It is only by understanding the roots of your problem that you can choose the appropriate method for yourself.

A. Besides, there is a link between procrastination and how long people must wait before they see the reward for an effort.

B. Research shows that the older people become, the less likely they are to delay doing their work until the last minute.

C. In addition, the amount of confidence they have in their ability to do a task is also related to procrastination.

D. As it is common to most people, how to avoid procrastination has become a major concern.

E. What's more, it has been argued that too much confidence can also lead to procrastination.

F. Although researchers do not agree on all the reasons behind procrastination, there is general agreement about some factors that can explain it.

G. This can explain why many people do not start saving money for their old age when they are young.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】F

【2】C

【3】A

【4】G

【5】B

【解析】

本文是议论文，短文从四个方面来分析了有拖沓症的原因。一是愉快或不愉快的人们对这项任务的感觉怎样。二是人们的自信程度也与拖延症有关。三是拖延症和人们必须等待多久才能看到努力的回报是有联系的。四是人们自己是否有自控能力。

【1】承上启下句。根据The first factor is how pleasant or unpleasant people find a task. Research shows that people put off tasks they find unpleasant. 第一个因素是愉快或不愉快的人们对这项任务的感觉怎样。研究表明，人们会推迟他们觉得不愉快的任务。所以上句应该提到拖沓的原因。选项F Although researchers do not agree on all the reasons behind procrastination, there is general agreement about some factors that can explain it.尽管研究人员对拖延症的所有原因并没有达成一致意见，但在一些能够解释拖延症的因素上却达成了普遍共识。故选F。

【2】主旨句。根据第一段叙述的是第一个拖沓的原因，第二段叙述的是第二个拖沓的原因。根据those who have low expectations of success are more likely to delay starting a job. On the other hand, those who believe they can perform well take on challenging tasks rather than avoid them. 那些对成功期望较低的人更有可能推迟开始工作。另一方面，那些相信自己能出色完成任务的人会接受具有挑战性的任务，而不是逃避它们。这里叙述了两种情况，选项C In addition, the amount of confidence they have in their ability to do a task is also related to procrastination此外，他们对自己完成任务的能力的自信程度也与拖延症有关。故选C。

【3】主旨句。根据Studying hard in high school might not give high school students any immediate rewards; 在高中努力学习可能不会给高中生任何即时的奖励。这里提到关键词rewards；与选项A Besides, there is a link between procrastination and how long people must wait before they see the reward for an effort. 此外，拖延症和人们必须等待多久才能看到努力的回报是有联系的。这里也到了关键词rewards，故选A。

【4】承上句。根据it is hard to see the benefit of making an effort when the reward is too far away. 当回报太遥远时，很难看到努力的好处。因此引出选项G：This can explain why many people do not start saving money for their old age when they are young. 这可以解释为什么很多人年轻时不开始存钱养老。前后句式因果关系。故选G。

【5】承上句。根据Interestingly, age is said to be associated with self-control. 有趣的是，据说年龄与自我控制有关。后面叙述年龄与自控的关系。选项B. Research shows that the older people become, the less likely they are to delay doing their work until the last minute. 研究表明，年纪越大的人越不可能把工作拖到最后时刻。前后句是解释说明的关系。故选B。