题目内容

16.Why College Is Not Home
The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity.However,now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of today's students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.
For previous generations,college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades,however,continued connection with and dependence on family,thanks to cellphones,email and social media,have increased significantly.Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility,universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.This process involves"trying on"new ways of thinking about oneself bothe intellectually(在思维方面) and personally.While we should provide"safe spaces"within colleges,we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.Because a college community(群体) differs from the family,many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.
Moreover,the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders.If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled,the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.
It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out,particularly when there are reasons to do so.Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent's desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore,there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.
Every college discussion about community values,social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation,of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.

67.What's the author's attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?B
A.Sympathetic                          B.Disapproving
C.Supportive                           D.Neutral
68.The underlined word"passage"in Paraghaph 2meansA.
A.change                               B.choice
C.text                                 D.extension
69.According to the anthor,what role should college play?D
A.to develop a shared identity among students
B.to define and regulate students'social behavior
C.To provide a safe world without tension for students
D.To foster students'intellectual and personal development
70.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?C

分析 本文讲述了当下的大学教育现状--大学原本是培养学生独立性和成年特征的场所,是学生从"家"到"社会"的过渡,然而现在的大学教育却成了青年的"安居"场所,青年人越来越不能承担起作为成年人的责任.作者分析了形成这种现象的原因并且提出了相关的改进建议.

解答 67.B 猜测作者情感态度.第二段记叙了这种现象--上一代人里,大学生是从同龄人中获得帮助和指引;而这二十年里,大学生从父母处获得帮助.第三段里作者表明了自己的态度--To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation.以及While we should provide"safe spaces"within colleges,we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.以及综合全文的中心思想(可在第一段和最后一段找到),作者并不赞同"continued parental guidance to college students"(大学生继续父母的指导).故答案为B dissaproving.
68.A 词义理解题.可在第二段找到原句"Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility,universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home."结合句意可知,接受家的庇护到大学生的独立性和承担成人的责任是一个"过渡",是一种变化过程,因此答案为A,change.
69.D 中心思想归纳题.由全文大意以及最后一段总结段的作者的意见Every college discussion about community values,social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation,of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.以及第三段的关键句Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.可知第三段关键句的同义句是D选项,作者主张加强大学生的独立性以及个性发展.故答案为D.
70.C 写作结构分析题.全文第一段作者提出了全文的中心思想,最后一段再次呼吁.第二和三段是现象和建议的关系(第二段陈述的是一种现象"在孩子上大学时,家长仍继续指引;学校也提倡给大学生提供跟家一样舒适的环境.",第三段提出针对这一现象的建议),第四五段是对第三段的建议进行分述,第六段是进一步说明第五段的内容--如果不这样做的话产生的结果.因此答案为C.

点评 做本题时,首先需要通读全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次,快速浏览后面的题目,并结合问题到文中相应的段落去寻找答案;另外,本文问题的设置旨在考查对全文或段落的主旨大意的概括上,因此在平时的阅读训练中,要学会找文章的中心段,或段落的中心句,并加以概括,从而提炼出文章或段落的主旨大意.

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1.El Nifio,a Spanish term for"the Christ child",was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern,which happens every two to seven years,reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Nifio sees warm water,collected over several years in the western Pacific,flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken,or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects both good and bad,are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio,on balance,than they lose.A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion,partly because of better agricultural harvest,farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought (干旱)in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California,they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Nino,in 1997-98,killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Ninos come with months of warning,and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI),however,just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance,rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施)can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers (下水道)make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects-and the poorer the country,the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal,helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino,reducing their losses needs to be the priority.

61.What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?D
A.It is named after a South American fisherman.
B.It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C.It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D.It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
62.What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?C
A.Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B.Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C.Rich countries'gains are greater than their losses.
D.Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
63.The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest thatA
A.more investment should go to risk reduction
B.governments of poor countries need more aid
C.victims of El Nino deserve more compensation
D.recovery and reconstruction should come first
64.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?D
A.To introduce El Nino and its origin.
B.To explain the consequences of El Nino.
C.To show ways of fighting against El Nino.
D.To urge people to prepare for El Nino.

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