题目内容

What does it mean to say that we live in a world of persuasion? It means that we live among competing interests. Your roommate’s need to study for an exam may take priority（优先）over pizza. Your instructor may have good reasons not to change your grade. And the object of your romantic interest may have other choices.

　　In such a world, persuasion is the art of getting others to give fair and favorable consideration to our point of view. When we persuade, we want to influence how others believe and behave. We may not always prevail— other points of view may be more persuasive, depending on the listener, the situation, and the merits of the case. But when we practice the art of persuasion, we try to ensure that our position receives the attention it deserves.

　　Some people, however, object to the very idea of persuasion. They may regard it as an unwelcome interruption into their lives. Just the opposite, we believe that persuasion is unavoidable — to live is to persuade. Persuasion may be ethical（合乎道义的）or unethical, selfless or selfish, inspiring or degrading. Persuaders may enlighten our minds or catch our vulnerability(弱点). Ethical persuasion, however, calls on sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners. Such persuasion can help us apply the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make. Therefore, the most basic part of education is learning to resist the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practice the other.

　　Beyond its personal importance to us, persuasion is necessary to society. The right to persuade and be persuaded is the bedrock of the American political system, guaranteed by the First Amendment to the Constitution（美国宪法）.

1.According to the passage, persuasion means ________.

A．changing others’ point of view

B．exercising power over other people

C．getting other people to consider your point of view

D．getting people to agree with you and do what you want

2.The underlined word in the second paragraph “prevail” means“________”.

A．win

B．fail

C．speak

D．listen

3.The passage states that some people object to persuasion because they think it is ________.

A．a danger to society

B．difficult to do well

C．unwelcome behavior

D．never successful

4.The passage mainly discusses ________.

A．people’s different opinions towards persuasion

B．the reasons why people persuade

C．that persuasion is both good and bad

D．that persuasion is important and it is all around us

 

【答案】

1.C

2.A

3.C

4.D 

【解析】略

 

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A morning rarely began so perfect. I took in the fresh air and felt my heart run into an enthusiastic rhythm. Though cool, the sun warmed my back as it rose over the horse from not far from my house. The slightest wind danced on my skin. Just enough to keep a runner form overheating. My ever-faithful jogging partner, a black dog named Nika pulled my leg with her mouth, mirroring my eagerness to start our run.

We raced forward with determination, ready to leap tall buildings and race against speeding trains. We pushed harder and ran faster, demonstration our skill and impressing passing motorists and neighbors.

We kept on running until we hit the Beast, a name for a very difficult, nearly two-mile long steep climb.

Only a few paces into the Beast, I gasped for air. Far short of superhero status, my enthusiasm and active steps were lost somewhere at the base of the hill. A vision of the newspaper and a cup of coffee waiting in my kitchen appeared, attracting me to turn back toward home.

With a glance I noticed Nika wasn’t doing any better. She continued to faithfully follow me, putting one paw in front of the other, but without her former eagerness. Her tiredness touched me. And in that moment, I felt a sudden spark of renewed determination to press on. I couldn’t allow this mountain to get the better of us. To improve both our spirits, I managed to shout, “Good girl, Nika! Keep going…you can do it!”

“I’m encouraging a dog, for heaven’s sake!’’ I needed to pull myself together. With a few simple words, I changed our course. One moment we were on the edge of quitting. The next, our feet picked up the pace and we continued. Though tired and discouraged myself, with a few kind words I impacted a dog’s ability to go further. I’m sure I could have completed the opposite with ill-chosen comments and an unpleasant tone. Instead, the Beast was defeated and we flew like heroes the rest of the way home.

Life is full of beasts to conquer. For some, it is the seemingly impossible climb of cancer. For others, their beast takes the shape of parenting a child or a teenager. Uphill climbs come in all shapes and sizes, common only in their ability to defeat, discourage and tempt tired travelers to quit. Sometimes all that’s needed is a few spoken, well-timed words of encouragement from a fellow runner – someone who sees the struggle, dares to jogs alongside, and cares enough to say, “Keep going! You can do it! You’re not alone. I believe in you!”

The writer starts the text by describing________.

A. the beautiful scene of the morning  

B. his or her preparations for a jogging

C. a lively dog named Nika

D. the growth of crops at the farm

The writer mentioned the newspaper and coffee to suggest that he or she _______.

A. liked reading newspapers while drinking coffee

B. had an intention to give up running

C. would treat himself or herself to coffee after running

D. might appear on the newspaper for the long running

The writer decided to continue running _______.

A. after he or she found the dog was still energetic

B. because they came near the top of the hill

C. when he or she noticed the tired dog

D. before they arrived at the bottom of the hill

What does the writer expect to show by telling the story?

A. Words are powerful than deeds.

B. Beasts in life aren’t easily to conquer.

C. Dogs are the best friend of humans.

D. Try it one more time before giving up.

—What does the sign over there read？

—“No person ___ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”

A.will                                                             B.may

C.shall                                                            D.must

Winter depression (or winter blues) is a common affliction (折磨) for those who live in our northern climate. Its clinical name is seasonal affective disorder (or SAD) and up to 5% of the population (especially in northern states) may suffer from it. Seasonal affective disorder is characterized by feelings of sadness and depression that occur in the winter months when the temperatures drop and the days grow short . The depression is often associated with excessive eating or sleeping and weight gain. Women are twice to three times more likely to suffer from the winter blues than men.

    There are many effective treatments for winter depression, some of which you can do to help yourself. Increasing your daily exposure to as much natural light as possible can be helpful to many. Any time that you have the opportunity to gain access to more sunlight in the winter months, you should try to do so. Taking walks throughout the day (even if you don’t normally do so), sitting next to a south-facing window at your office, in a classroom, or at home will increase your sunlight exposure. Exercising next to a window or outdoors (when possible) is another activity that can help.

    Although it may be difficult to do, maintaining your schedule and lifestyle will help to keep the depression at bay. A regular pattern of sleep is the most important thing to maintain. It may be helpful, for instance, to have your bedroom lights on a timer to turn on a half-hour before you wake. This may help in waking at a regular time every morning, when it is still dark outside in the winter months.

    Light therapy has shown to be an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder. While you can purchase expensive, specialized light therapy lighting fixtures for your home or office, some inexpensive alternatives are also available. Another lighting technique to try is to replace commonly used light bulbs in your home with brighter full spectrum (also known as broad spectrum) light bulbs. While more expensive than regular light bulbs, these bulbs provide light that is similar to natural sunlight.

    If none of these techniques seem to help your depressive symptoms, you should consider consulting your family physician or a mental health professional. The winter blues are a form of depression and can be readily treated w ith medications or psychotherapy when other self-help methods aren’t effective. Don’t be afraid to talk about this condition with a professional; it’s nothing to be ashamed or afraid of. With a little effort, the winter blues can be beaten

What do we know about winter depression?

A. It is very common where the weather is cold.

B. It may lead to weight gain.

C. It occurs when the temperatures drop.

D. It seldom affects men.

What is the most important factor in the therapy introduced in the second paragraph?

A. Exposure to natural light.

B. Sports in winter months.

C. Outdoor activities.

D. Sunlight through the window.

What does “to keep the depression at bay” mean in the third paragraph?

A. To shorten the duration of the depression.

B. To use light to resist the depression.

C. To keep the depression manageable and minimal.

D. To delay the occurrence of the depression.

For winter depression, light therapy ___________.

A. is much more effective than other kinds of therapy

B. is so expensive that some may not be able to afford it

C. encourages people to do outdoor exercises

D. needs specialized bulbs to replace ordinary ones

We can infer from the passage that __________.

A. self-help methods do not work 100% of the time

B. medications or psychotherapy is much more effective

C. mental health professionals don’t recommend self- help methods

D. most people prefer self-help methods to medications

—What does Roger Brown do for a living?

—He is one of the most successful________ in the city.

     A．newspaper reporter               B．newspaper’s reporters

C．newspaper’s reporter            D．newspaper reporters

How to Be a Winner

Sir Steven Redgrave

Winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals

       “In 1997 I was found to have developed diabetes （糖尿病） ．Believing my career （职业生涯）was over, I felt extremely low．Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing．That was it----the encouragement I needed．I could still be a winner if I believed in myself．I am not saying that it isn’t difficult sometimes．But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasn’t finished yet．Nothing is to stand in my way．”

Karen Pickering

Swimming World Champion

       “I swim 4 hours a day, 6 days a week．I manage that sort of workload by putting it on top of my diary．This is the key to success—you can’t follow a career in any field without being well-organized．List what you believe you can achieve．“Trust yourself, write down your goals for the day, however small they are, and you’ll be a step closer to achieving them．”

Kirsten Best

Poet ＆ Writer

       “When things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can’t achieve something．Then, there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies．The key is to concentrate．When I feel tense, it helps a lot to repeat words such as ‘calm’, ‘peace’ or ‘focus’, either out loud or silently in my mind．It makes me feel more in control and increases my confidence．This is a habit that can become second nature quite easily and is a powerful psychological （心理的） tool．”

What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about?

       A．Difficulties influenced his career．

       B．Specialists offered him medical advice．

       C．Training helped him defeat his disease．

       D．He overcame the shadow of illness to win．

What does Karen Pickering put on top of her diary?

       A．Her training schedule．       B．Her daily happenings．

       C．Her achievements．          D．Her sports career．

What does the underlined word “distractions” probably refer to?

       A．Ways that help one to focus．

       B．Words that help one to feel less tense．

       C．Activities that turn one’s attention away．

       D．Habits that make it hard for one to relax．

According to the passage, what do the three people have in common?

       A．Courage．     B．Devotion．    C．Hard work．        D．Self-confidence．

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