[题目] Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable(耐用的), easily available, and most importantly, environmentally sustainable. The one thing it is 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

【题目】 Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable(耐用的), easily available, and most importantly, environmentally sustainable. The one thing it is not, is transparent(透明的).Now thanks to a team of scientists at Stockholm’s KTH Royal Institute of Technology, the material may even be able to add that feature to its already impressive list.

Lead researcher Dr. Lars Berglund said he was inspired to create the transparent wood after learning how Japanese researchers had developed a see-through paper for use in flexible display screens for electronic devices.

The team began by pulling out the wood’s lignin (木质素). The lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer (聚合物) and baked at a temperature of 158F for four hours. The result was a hybrid product that was not only stronger and lighter than the original wood but also, almost transparent. The researchers were able to adjust the level of transparency by varying the amount of the polymer injected and also by changing the thickness of the wood.

While scientists have previously created a see-through wood for small-scale applications like computer chips, the transparent wood is the first one being considered for large scale applications. The researchers, who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11, picture using the transparent wood in buildings to allow for more natural light, or to create windows that let in the desired amount of light without sacrificing privacy.

Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for homes and buildings. Berglund also thinks the wood could play a significant role in the design of solar panels. The semi-transparent material would be able to keep light longer and give it more time to interact with the conductor, thus resulting in better solar efficiency.

Additionally, substituting the currently used glass with this new product would help solar energy manufacturers improve their carbon footprint and lower the cost. They are now experimenting with ways to scale up the manufacturing process so that the transparent material is cost-effective to make and easy to use.

【1】What does the underlined part "that feature" in Paragraph 1 refer to?

A.Cheapness.B.Durability.

C.Sustainability.D.Transparency.

【2】Which of the following is not the process in which the transparent wood is made?

A.Dip the wood into a polymer.B.Reduce the amount of the polymer.

C.Make the wood lignin-free.D.Bake the wood for some time.

【3】What’s the purpose of using the transparent wood in buildings?

A.To protect privacy.B.To scale out applications.

C.To get more natural light.D.To observe more clearly.

【4】What is the last paragraph mainly about?

A.The bright future of the transparent wood.

B.The wood’s role in the design of solar panels.

C.The disadvantages of the currently used glass.

D.Solar energy manufacturers’ carbon footprint.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】C

【4】A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍瑞典科学家研究了一种新型的木质材料，透明的木质材料，该材料有着广阔的前景，但是成本仍需降低。

【1】词句猜测题。根据上文Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable(耐用的), easily available, and most importantly, environmentally sustainable.可知木头有很多优点，再结合The one thing it is not, is transparent! 木材不透明是其一个特征，而现在有研究人员将这一特性加入，显然这一特性指的是透明性，故选D项。

【2】细节理解题。根据第三段的The team began by pulling out the wood's lignin(木质素). The lignin-free wood was then dipped into a polymer（聚合物）and baked at a temperature of 158°F for four hours.可知首先抽出木材的木质素。然后将无木质素的木材浸入聚合物中，然后在高温下烘烤4小时。再根据 The researchers were able to adjust the level of transparency by varying the amount of the polymer injected and also by changing the thickness of the wood.可知，研究人员能够通过改变注入的聚合物的数量和改变木材的厚度来调整透明度水平。因此可知不包含B项“减少聚合物的数量。”。故选B项。

【3】推理判断题。根据第四段的The researchers, who revealed their findings in Biomacromolecules on April 11, picture using the transparent wood in buildings to allow for more natural light, or to create windows that let in the desired amount of light without sacrificing privacy.(研究人员于4月11日公布了他们在生物大分子中的发现，他们利用建筑物中的透明木材来创造更多的自然光，或者在不牺牲隐私的情况下创造出所需光线的窗户)可推断，建筑物使用透明木材的目的是得到更多的自然光。故选C。

【4】主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句Wood that allows light to pass through could lead to a brighter future for homes and buildings.可知，本段主要讲述新的透明木质材料有着很好的前途，主要体现在增加太阳能能源版的使用寿命，降低传统企业的碳足迹，故选A项。

词义猜测题是阅读题中常见的出题形式。做这类题时，要根据词、词组或句子所在的语境，即上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。比如：根据语境，根据同义关系，对比关系，因果关系等，尤其需注意熟词生义。例如本题第1小题，可以通过语境来猜测。根据上文Wood has many great characteristics that make it the perfect building material. It is cheap, durable(耐用的), easily available, and most importantly, environmentally sustainable.可知木头有很多优点，再结合The one thing it is not, is transparent! 木材不透明是其一个特征，而现在有研究人员将这一特性加入，显然这一特性指的是透明性，故选D项。

练习册系列答案

Sophia told us that Make – A –Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980.”It’s a charity(慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses. Make – A –Wish help children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true ,” Sophia explained .

We asked Sophia how Make – A –Wish had first started .She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris ,who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman .Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris’s dream come true ----so, with everybody’s help , Chris, only seven years old at the time ,had been a “policeman” for a day .” when people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too ,and that was the beginning of Make – A –Wish,” explained Sophia

Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time. A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world. Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true. They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can.

【1】Sophia found out about Make-A-Wish because her best friend had .

A.volunteered to help itB.benefited from it

C.dreamed about itD.told the author about it

【2】According to Sophia, Make-A-Wish .

A.is an international charity

B.was understood by nobody at first

C.raises money for very poor families

D.started by drawing the interest of the public

【3】What is said about Chris in Paragraph3?

A.He has been a policeman since he was seven.

B.He gave people the idea of starting Make-A-Wish

C.He wanted people to help make his dream come true.

D.He was the first child Make-A-Wish helped after it had been set up.

【4】Which of the following is true about Make-A-Wish volunteers?

A.They are important for making wishes come true.

B.They try to help children get over their illnesses.

C.They visit sick children to make them feel special.

D.They provide what is necessary to make Make-A-Wish popular.

【题目】 Back in November 1988, Robert Tappan Morris was a 20-something graduate student at Cornell who wanted to know how big the Internet was- that is, how many computers were connected to it. So he wrote a program that would travel from computer to computer and ask each machine to send a signal back to a control server, which would keep count. That was how the world’s first cyber (网络) attack set the stage for modern cyber security challenges.

The program worked well. Morris had known that if it traveled too fast there might be problems, but the limits he built in weren’t enough to keep the program from blocking up large sections of the Internet, both copying itself to new machines and sending those pings (电子脉冲) back, When he realized what was happening, even his messages warning system administrators about the problem couldn’t get through. Large numbers of Internet-connected computers are told to send lots of traffic to one particular address, overloading it with so much activity that either the system shuts down or its network connections are completely blocked. Morris’s program is now known as the “Morris worm”.

Worms and viruses are similar, but different in one key way: A virus needs a command, from a user or a hacker (黑客), to run its program. A worm, by contrast, hits the ground running all on its own. For example. even if you never open your email program, a worm that gets onto your computer might email a copy of itself to everyone in your address book.

In a time when few people were concerned about harmful software and nobody had protective software in his computer, the Morris worm spread quickly. It took 72 hours for researchers at Purdue and Berkeley to stop the worm. It affected tens of thousands of systems, Cleaning up the infection cost hundreds or thousands of dollars for each affected machine.

Morris wasn’t trying to destroy the Internet, but he was sentenced t0 three years of probation (缓刑) and a roughly US $ 10.000 fine. In the late 1990s, though. he became a dot-com millionaire- and is now a professor at MIT.

【1】What is Morris’s intention 1o write the program known now as the “Morris worm”?

A.To test the effect of protective software.

B.To start a harmful attack on the Internet.

C.To see how well a program can work on the Internet.

D.To get the number of the computers connected to the Internet.

【2】What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A.What loss the problem caused.

B.How the problem was dealt with.

C.How the unexpected problem came about.

D.What Morris did to prevent the problem from expanding.

【3】What does the underlined part “hits the ground” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Copies itself.B.Gets on the Internet.

C.Gets the user’s command.D.Copies your email address book.

【4】What happened to Morris after the attack?

A.He was punished for it.B.He invented a protective software.

C.He got help from a millionaire.D.He was asked to clear up the Internet.

【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Harbin's location in northeast China accounts for its arctic climate 【1】 provides abundant natural ice and snow.

During the Qing Dynasty, the local farmers and 【2】 (fisherman) often made and used ice lanterns in winter. At that time these were made 【3】 (simple) by pouring water into a bucket (桶) that was then put out in the open to freeze. It was then gently warmed before the water 【4】 (freeze) completely so that the bucket-shaped ice could be pulled out. 【5】 hole was made in the top and the water remaining inside was poured out, creating a hollow vessel (中空容器). A candle was then placed inside, resulting 【6】a windproof (防风) lantern that gained great popularity in the region around the city. From then on, people made ice lanterns and put them outside their houses during the 【7】(tradition) festivals. Thus the ice lantern began 【8】(it) long history of development. Today we can enjoy various artistic ice lanterns.

The 36th session of Harbin Ice and Snow Festival is predicted to be held from late December, 2019 to March, 2020, 【9】(cover) three important Chinese festivals—New Year's Day, Chinese New Year and Lantern Festival. A 【10】(various) of activities about ice and snow, concerning tourism, culture, trade and sports, will welcome all tourists.

【题目】 Dyslexia is a problem that interferes (干扰) with the ability to recognize words and connect sounds with letters when people read. People with this learning disorder may also have problems when they write. Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intelligence. The problem involves (涉及)areas of the brain that process language.

Brain scientists are studying whether they can predict which young children may struggle with reading, in order to provide early help. John Gabrieli is leading a study of five-year-olds in about twenty schools. He says, “We partner with schools that have kindergartens. What we do is, for all the children whose parents permit them to participate, we give them a brief set of paper-and-pencil tests to look at which children appear to be at some risk for struggling to read.

So far, fifty of the kindergartners have been examined in a machine that shows brain activity. The scanner uses a high-energy magnetic (有磁性的) field and radio waves to “look” inside the body. Written tests which are often used in previous studies are not always able to identify dyslexia or other problems. Professor Gabrieli says, “Brain scans may offer a more scientific way to identify problems.

And with reading problems, early identification is important. Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourth grade. The later children are recognized as poor readers, the less these interventions can help. And, as Professor Gabrieli points out, poor reading can make education a struggle. Reading is everything. Even math and science require one to read textbooks.

【1】What do we know about Dyslexia?

A.It results in poor eyesight.

B.It is related to brain activity.

C.It only causes reading difficulty.

D.It has an influence on intelligence.

【2】What does the underlined word “interventions” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A.Approaches.B.Researches.

C.Instructions.D.Treatments.

【3】How is Professor Gabrieli’s study different from early ones?

A.It is scientifically based.

B.It focuses on written tests.

C.It examines children’s brains.

D.It needs parents’ participation.

【4】What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Dyslexia – a Learning Disorder Involving Intelligence

B.Dyslexia – a Problem Relating to Kindergartners

C.A Way Identifying Dyslexia at an Early Stage

D.A Machine Showing Brain Development

【题目】— My grandson really loves this place. There is so much children can do here for _________.

— Good for him.

A.decorationB.recreationC.immigrationD.association

【题目】There are many privacy concerns surrounding cybercrime when confidential information is revealed, lawfully or _______.

A.regardlessB.insteadC.ratherD.otherwise

【题目】People often have difficulty facing reality when further scientific discovery challenges _______ they have previously thought to be settled facts.

A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which

【题目】 The type of soap with the name African black soap or simply black soap is the one that has its origin in Africa or West Africa to be precise.

The soap is often made by women and is fair-traded, though not always, Black soap is traditionally made in West Africa, typically Ghana, from secret recipes. Different tribes have adopted their own secret making techniques, which can be seen in different colors among black soap. Varieties of black soaps actually made in Africa tend to be pure.

The first step of making traditional African black soap is selecting the plant—usually cocoa pods or palm tree leaves, sometimes shea tree bark (酪脂树皮), which then are sun-dried and burned to ashes which are often used to heal cuts. To guarantee the natural color and light smell, it's important to keep a constant temperature of burning. Then the water is added into the ashes along with the shea butter, palm oil, and coconut oil. That mixture is cooked until it becomes stable. It needs to be hand stirred for at least 24 hours. After that, they scooped it out and let it 'cure' for two weeks. Those soaps that are made in Africa contain no artificial ingredients (材料).

African black soap is being used for many generations and many causes. African black soap has many benefits over commercially produced soaps. One of the most common usage is to cure skin conditions and problems. After using this soap, the skin looks healthy. Another usage of the black soap is for removing the makeup and dead skin. It also gives an excellent UV (紫外线) protection because of the high level of shea butter in it.

However, the black soap also has some unpleasant side effects. For example, your skin may become over-dried. If so, you should stop using it and wash your skin with water.

【1】What leads to color differences of African black soap?

A.Different market demands.B.The makers' personal preferences.

C.Some artificial ingredients.D.Various secret making techniques.

【2】What should people do first when making African black soap?

A.Choose the proper plant.B.Change the temperature of burning.

C.Mix coconut oil up for a whole day.D.Dry palm tree leaves for two weeks.

【3】What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A.The benefits of African black soap.

B.The problems caused by black soap.

C.The harm of using African black soap.

D.The process of making African black soap.

【4】What do we know about African black soap?

A.It has a strong smell.

B.It's effects are two-edged.

C.It's quite difficult to purchase.

D.It's specially made for women.

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