We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give an effective speech.

So, you have to give a speech and you are terrified. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble over words, you talk too long, and you bore your audience. Later you think, “Thank Goodness, it’s over. I’m just not good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”

Cheep up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. Here are some simple steps to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion? Why are you speaking? Then, gather as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of your time doing your research. Then spend plenty of your time organizing your material so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible, and use pictures, charts, and graphs if they help you make your points more clearly. Never forget your audience. Don’t talk over their heads, and don’t talk down to them. Treat your audience with respect. They will appreciate your thoughtfulness.

Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your audience, and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your audience.

If you follow these simple steps, you will see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not convinced yet? Give it a try and see what happens.

1.The main idea of this article is ________ .

A.that you can improve your speaking ability

B.that a poor speaker can never change

C.to always make a short speech

D.that it is hard to make a speech

2.Paragraph 2 implies that ________ .

A.many people don’t prepare for a speech

B.many people are happy to give a speech

C.many people are afraid of giving a speech

D.many people talk too long

3.The phrase “talk over their heads” means ________ .

A.speak too loudly

B.look at the ceiling

C.look down upon them

D.use words and ideas that are too difficult

4.All of the following statements are TRUE except ________ .

A.few people know how to make good speeches

B.a lecturer does not need to organize his speech

C.research is important in preparing a speech

D.there are simple steps you can take to improve your speaking ability

Anything that poses a challenge or a threat to our well-being is a stress.Some stresses get you going and they are good for you – without any stress at all many say our lives would be boring and would probably feel pointless. However,when the stresses undermine both our mental and physical health they are bad.In this text we shall be focusing on stress that is bad for you.

When we are stressed the following happens:

Blood pressure rises

Breathing becomes more rapid

Heart rate (pulse) rises

Muscles become tense

We do not sleep (heightened state of alertness)

Most of us have varying interpretations of what stress is about and what matters.Some of us focus on what happens to us,such as breaking a bone or getting a promotion,while others think more about the event itself.How you see that stressful event will be the largest single factor that impacts on your physical and mental health.Your interpretation of event and challenges in life may decide whether they are invigorating or harmful for you.

There are three broad methods you can follow to treat stress.

Self help for treating stress

Exercise has been proven to have a beneficial effect on a person's mental and physical state.For many people exercise is an extremely useful stress buster.

Alcohol and drugs will not help you manage your stress better.Either stop consuming them completely,or cut down.

If you consumption of coffee and other drinks which contain caffeine is high,cut down.

Eat plenty of fruit and vegetable.Make sure you have a healthy and balanced diet.

Talk to your family,friends,work colleagues and your boss.Express your thoughts and worries.

Stress management techniques

Stress management can help you t keep away from the source of stress,change the way you view a stressful event,and lower the impact that stress might have on your body.Stress management therapy will have the objective of pursuing one or more of these approaches.

Medicines

Doctors will not usually prescribe medications for coping with stress,unless the patient has an underlying illness,such as depression or some type of anxiety.If that is the case,the doctor is actually treating a mental illness.In such cases,an antidepressant may be prescribed.Bear in mind that there is a risk that all the medication will do is mask the stress,rather than help you deal and cope with it.

Stress

Passage outline

Supporting details

Understanding of stress

• Stress is pressure or worry 1.by the stressors in your life.

• Some stresses2.you while some others make you suffer.

3.of stress

• You have 4.blood pressure.

• Your heart5.f aster.

• Your become sleepless.

• Your breath and muscles are abnormal.

Attitudes towards stress

• You care about what concerns6.

• You pay attention to what is7.around you.

• Above all,how you look at challenges affects your health.

Ways to deal with stress

• Exercise,a proper diet,communication help to 8.your stress while alcohol,drugs and coffee do not.

• Stress management guides you how to 9.and reduce stress.

• Medicines can be used to treat a mental illness but cannot solve the problem 10.

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A feeling of excitement overcame me as I looked around the stadium.

At 5:30 pm, two hours before game time, I walked into the locker room.My of school, music and what I planned to do on Saturday night were with the simple aim to beat the football team across the field from us tonight.

Approaching my locker, I noticed my teammates .Some rested on benches, staring up at the ceiling it were a film of the opposing team’s play. Some seemed a bit more 45 , using the time to tell jokes. A few stared at the field, what will happen in 120 minutes.

Our coach, Tony Severino, came out of his office at 6 o’clock.He told the team how this game was for the season, between two of the state’s top teams—my school and our opposing team, Liberty High School. His words gave the team impulse(冲动)it needed to .

At 7:10 pm, warm – ups finished, we went over the game and discussed what we needed to do for the next three hours. The sound of the national anthem(国歌) that we were only minutes from the action.Our coach usually made a final .But tonight was different.On this clear night he looked around the room at all the players and shouted, “Let’s go and get them.” Even the “get” came out of his mouth, we were already our way out of the door.

Outside, a few young fans reached to touch our hands, eager to be a of our school’s winning tradition.When I smiled and my hand, the young faces lit up as if they had just met Superman.

Seconds later, the team ran onto the , moving as a mass of blue, in front of a packed stadium. We enjoyed a noisy from fans and the fight song played by our school band. Breathing in the of one of the biggest games of the year, I felt we were sure to win. I told myself, “This was what it was all about” and that it was for moments like this that I loved high school football.

1.A.thoughts B.ideas C.pictures D.minds

2.A.covered B.mixed C.replaced D.filled

3.A.exercising B.struggling C.preparing D.previewing

4.A.in case B.even though C.as long as D.as if

5.A.relaxed B.worried C.frightened D.impressed

6.A.dreaming B.wishing C.expecting D.imagining

7.A.useless B.difficult C.available D.important

8.A.warm up B.pick up C.get upD.rise up

9.A.route B.frame C.plan D.forecast

10.A.urged B.insisted C.suggested D.stressed

11.A.speech B.preparation C.decision D.change

12.A.finallyB.simplyC.actually D.eventually

13.A.when B.beforeC.as D.since

14.A.leading B.dragging C.showing D.making

15.A.playerB.friend C.part D.team

16.A.held out B.took out C.got out D.brought out

17.A.field B.stage C.yard D.garden

18.A.success B.reply C.achievementD.welcome

19.A.atmosphere B.experience C.expectation D.examination

20.A.accepted B.admitted C.realized D.Recognized

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