题目内容

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

An old proverb says, “Friends are like wine; the older, the better.” So, nowadays many people consider old friends to be 1. (important) than new friends. For example, if two pieces of advice 2. (give) to solve a problem, one from a new friend and the other from 3. old friend, people always tend to 4. (adoption) the latter one, although the new friend's advice may be better.

5. (disagree) with the old proverb, I believe that new friends are not 6. (necessary) worse than old friends. Why? Because the length of time cannot determine whether your friendship is better or not.

Once you call someone friend, he must be a person who is 7. (rely) and whose interests are in common with 8. (you). As time goes by, a friend's outside look may change, but the inside characters of him and his interests 9. (change).It is just these unchangeable characters and interests 10. make him a friend to you. Therefore, on this point, there is no difference between old friends and new friends.

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书面表达

随着电脑和手机的普及, 有人认为使用它们与人沟通起来方便省钱, 因此写信的人会越来越少, 书信在将来会完全消失。但也有人认为书信不仅有利于传递情感, 更作为一种艺术形式而成为民族文化的一部分。你赞成哪种观点? 并陈述理由。

要求: 1. 词数120个左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节以使行文连贯流畅。

Want to add some hours to your day? Ok, you probably can't change the fabric of time. But a new study suggests that the way you feel about your goal can change your concept of time and that some simple strategies could make you feel less rushed.

In a series of experiments, Jordan Etkin, a professor of marketing at Duke, and her co-authors, Loannis Evangelidis and Jennifer Aaker, looked at what happens when people see their goals as conflicting with one another. In one, they asked some participants to list two of their goals that they felt were in conflict, and others simply to list two of their goals. Those who were forced to think about conflicting aims felt more time pressure than those who weren't. In another experiment, the researchers gave participants a similar prompt regarding goal conflict, but this time measured their anxiety levels as well as their attitudes toward time. They found that participants who thought about conflicting goals had more anxiety than those who didn't, and that this, in turn, led to feelings of being short on time.

"Stress and anxiety and time pressure are closely linked concepts," D. Etkin explained. "When we feel more stress and anxiety in relation to our personal goals, that manifests as a sense of having less time."

Technological advances that allow people to do lots of things at once may increase the fe'eling of goal conflict, she said."I think the easier it is for us to try to deal with a lot of these things at the same time," She said"the more opportunity there is for us to feel this conflict between our goals."She isn't the first to suggest that actual busyness isn't the only thing that can make us feel busy At the Atlantic, Derek Thompson wrote that "as a country, we're working less than we did in the 1960s and 1980s." He offered a number of possible reasons some Americans still feel so overworked, including "the fluidness ffl±) of work and leisure." As he put it:"The idea that work begins and ends at the office is wrong. On the one hand, flexibility is nice, On the other, mixing work and leisure together creates an always-on expectation that makes it hard for white-collar workers to escape the shadow of work responsibilities."

And Brigid Schulte writes in her 2014 book Overwhelmed: How to Work, Love, and Play When No One Has the Time that some researchers believe "time has no sharp edges. What often matters more than the activity we're doing at a moment in time, they have found, is how we feel about it.Our concept of time is indeed,our reality.”

Fortunately, Dr. Etkin and her team did find ways of making us feel better about time—or, at least, of reducing the negative influence of goal conflict. When participants performed a breathing exercise that reduced their anxiety, the impact of such conflict on their perception of time was less pronounced. Reframing anxiety as excitement (by reading the phrase "I am excited!" aloud several times) had a similar effect.

Breathing and reframing may not solve everyone's time problems—Ms. Schulte writes that some Americans are indeed working more than they used to. She cites the work of the sociologists Michael Hout and Caroline Hanley, who have "found that working parents combined put in 13 more hours a week on the job in 2000 than they did in 1970. That's 676 hours of additionally paid work a year for a family. And that's on top of all the unpaid hours spent caring for children and keeping the house together." Sometimes, we may feel short on time because we actually are. However, Dr. Etkin believes her findings suggest we may "have the ability to influence our experience of time more than we think we do."

"We're all going to have times in our lives when our goals seem to be in more conflict than others," she said. But with techniques like the ones her team tested, "we really can help ourselves feel like we have more time."

1.What makes people feel rushed today?

A.Goal conflict. B. High pressure.

C.Too much expectation. D. Lack of exercise.

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Most people are having less work to do nowadays.

B. People under a lot of stress have a better sense of time.

C. Technological advances allow people to feel less stressed.

D. The flexibility of work increases white-collar workers' pressure.

3.The underlined sentence "Our concept of time is, indeed, our reality." means_______

A.we should make full use of time

B.we value time more than the way we live

C.we can feel better about time if we want to

D.we don't have the time to enjoy life in reality

Different cultural features of ethnic groups are____ one another and work out a melody.

A. in tune with B. in parallel with

C. in contrast to D. in response to

I walked up to the counter. Behind it was a lady with glasses on the tip of her nose and gray hair on her head.

“Excuse me,” I said. She looked up. “You’re that Clements kid,” she said. “I’ m Miss Bee. Come closer and let me get a look at you.” She pushed her glasses up her nose. “I can describe you to the police if something goes missing from the store.”

“I’ m not a thief!” I was shocked. I was seven too young to be a thief!

“From what I can see you’re not much of anything. But I can tell you’ve got potential.” She went back to reading her newspaper.

“I need to get these.” I said, holding up my list. “So? Go get them.” Miss Bee pointed to a sign on the screen door. “I’m not your servant, so I suggest you get yourself a basket and start filling.”

I visited Miss Bee several times a week that summer. Sometimes she short-changed me. Other times she overcharged. “That can of beans is only twenty nine cents” I corrected her one afternoon. I had watched the numbers change on the cash register closely, and Miss Bee had added 35 cents. She didn't seem embarrassed. She just looked at me over her glasses and fixed the price.

But she ever let me declare victory. All summer long she found ways to play tricks on me. No sooner had I learned how to pronounce bicarbonate of soda(小苏打) and memorized its location on the shelf than Miss Bee rearranged the shelve and made me hunt for it all over again.

One day before I left, she said, “I know what you think of me, but I don't care! Each of us is put on this earth for a reason. I believe my job is to teach every child I meet life lessons. When you get older you'll be glad our paths crossed!” Glad I met Miss Bee？Ha! The idea was absurd…

Until one day my daughter asked me to finish her math problems. “If I do it for you how will you ever learn to do it yourself?” I said. Suddenly, I remembered the lady Miss Bee.

1.The girl felt __________ when Miss Bee implied she could be a thief.

A. surprised B. shocked C. puzzled D. annoyed

2.We can infer from Paragraph 6 that Miss Bee ______________.

A .showed no care about her mistakes

B. made the girl learn to double-check

C. was always playing tricks on the girl

D. was careless and dishonest to do business

3.It can be learned from the passage that Miss Bee ______________.

A. knew her job was to help every child she met

B. asked the girl to shop by herself to test her honesty

C. taught the girl many lessons but she didn't understand

D. rearranged the shelves to teach the girl to be changeable

4.Which is NOT the lesson the writer learnt from shopping?

A Treat others kindly and politely.

B. Don’t be so quick to judge others.

C. The best teachers aren’t only in school.

D. Try our best though the task seems beyond us.

Walk through the Amazon rainforest today and you will find it steamy, warm, damp and thick. But if you had been there around 15,000 years ago, during the last ice age, would it have been the same? For more than 30 years, scientists have been arguing about how rainforests might have reacted to the cold, dry climate of the ice ages, but till now, no one has reached a satisfying answer.

Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to solve global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 given off in the UK each year. But how will the Amazon react to the future climate change? If it gets drier, will it survive and continue to draw down CO2? Scientists hope that they will be able to learn in advance how the rainforest will manage in the future by understanding how rainforests reacted to climate change in the past.

Unfortunately, collecting information is incredibly difficult. To study the past climate, scientists need to look at fossilized pollen（花粉）kept in lake mud, Going back to the last ice age means drilling down into lake sediments（沉淀物）, which requires specialized equipment and heavy machinery. There are very few roads and paths, or places to land helicopters and aeroplanes. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest, but this still leaves vast areas between the rivers completely unsampled（未取样）. So far, only a handful of cores have been drilled that go back to the last ice age and none of them provide enough information to prove how the Amazon forest reacts to climate change.

1.How do scientists study the past climate change?

A. By predicting the climate change in the future.

B. By drilling down deep into land sediments.

C. By analyzing fossilized pollen in lake mud.

D. By taking samples from rivers in the Amazon.

2.Why is it difficult to collect information about the past climate change?

A. Because scientists can't find proper equipment and machinery.

B. Because it is very difficult to obtain complete samples.

C. Because helicopters and aeroplanes have no place to land.

D. Because none of the cores provide any information.

3.Where is the passage most probably taken from?

A. A medical journal. B. A news report

C. A travel brochure. D. A science magazine.

4.The best title for the text may be .

A. Secrets of the Rainforest

B. Climates of the Amazon

C. The History of the Rainforest

D. Changes of the Rainforest

A team led by Professor Theoder Berger, from the University of Southern California, can now manipulate(操纵) brain cells in rats so that memories stored in the hippocampus, a brain area crucial for memory formation, are activated or suppressed(抑制). It’s said that the technology could one day have medical applications.

In the study, researcher first trained rats to remember which of two levers(杠杆) they pressed first, then to press the other lever.

As the rats performed the task, the scientists carefully monitored the electrical activity in each creature’s hippocampus to find the pattern of nerve-cell activity involved in making a solid memory.

Using the same glass needles they had used to record the nerve activity, they stimulated (刺激) nerves in the same pattern and found that the animals’ performance in the task got even better. The rats made fewer errors and were able to remember which lever was the“correct”one for a longer period of time.

The scientists went a step further and suppressed the rats’ memories with a drug called Mk801, which caused them to forget their task. When the animals’ brain cells were later stimulated with the“correct”pattern, they remembered again which lever to press.

“What’s really exciting about this study is that when they played back the‘good’ patterns—the patterns when the animal got the task right—it did appear to improve memory,”said Dean Buonomano, an associate professor at the University of California.

The final goal, Berger said, is to help people with stroke(中风) and epilepsy(癫痫症) and the like strengthen memories and to help doctors treat them. The technology might even help sufferers of post-traumatic(创伤后) stress disorder.

But first, researchers would have to show that they can stimulate or suppress far more complex memories than the ones in the rat experiment.

“Here ,it’s a simple task,”Buonomano said. In contrast, humans’ memories are very rich and specific…

“We have very many steps to go before this can be achieved,”he said.

1.How does“the technology”in Paragraph 1 act?

A.It manipulates brain cells.

B.It stores memories in the hippocampus.

C.It activates memories stored in the brain.

D.It suppresses memories stored in the brain.

2..In what order did the researchers conduct the rat experiment?

a.Monitor the electrical activity in the rat’s hippocampus.

b.Suppress the rat’s memory with a drug called MK801.

c.Stimulate the rat’s nerves in the same pattern.

d.Stimulate the rat’s nerves in the same pattern for a second time.

e.Train the rats to remember the order of the two levers they pressed.

A.a, e, b, c, d B.a, e, c, d, b

C.e, a, c, d, b D.e, a, c, b, d

3.When their nerves were stimulated, the rats .

A.forgot their task

B.completed the task better

C.made no errors in their task

D.remembered which lever they had pressed for a shorter time

4.What can we infer from the article?

A.MK801 is a drug that can be used to stimulate nerves.

B.The study is expected to be used to help stroke and epilepsy patients recover completely.

C.Using the study to improve humans’ memories still face many challenges.

D.Researchers have studied far more complex memories than the ones in the rat experiment.

Flickering lights are annoying but they may have an advantage. Visible light communication (VLC) uses rapid pluses of light to transmit information wirelessly. Now it may be ready to compete with conventional Wi-fi.

In a recent TED talk, Harald Hasas from the University of Edinburge,UK demonstrated one VLC prototype(原型），“Li-Fi", transmitting a video from a store-bought LED lamp to a solar cell to a laptop. “Li-Fi is essentially the same as Wi-Fi,except for a small difference- we use LED lights around us to transmit the data wirelessly as opposed to using radio," Haas says.

Once established, VLC could solve some major communication problems. In 2009, the US Federal Communications Commission(FCC) warned of spectrum (波谱）crisis: because our mobile devices are so data- hungry we will soon run out of radio-frequency bandwidth.Li-Fi could free up bandwidth, especially as much of the infrastructure is already in place."There are around14 billion light bulbs worldwide, they just need to replaced with LED ones that transmit data", says Haas.

The idea of transmitting data through the visible light spectrum is not new.Alexander Graham Bell transmitted sound via a beam of sunlight in 1880 using a photo phone, a sort of solar-powered wireless telephone. In the past several decades, a number of researchers have looked at using visible light to transmit data.

But what Haas seized on is the use of simple LED light bulbs for data transmission. LED bulbs are controlled by a driver, which can rapidly di the light or turn it on or off. Therefore, Haas figured, data could be encoded in subtle shifts of the light’s brightness. Eventually, he creaded a working transmitter and receiver system with an IKEA lamp and a solar panel.

Li-Fi stands to be much faster than Wi-Fi. According to Haas research, Li-Fi can achieve data density 1000 times greater than Wi-Fi,because Li-Fi signals are contained in a small area, as opposed to the more diffuse (分散的)，radio signals.The system wouldn’t mean having to keep your lights on all the time either, Haas says---bulbs could be dimmed to such a point that they appear off, but still transmit data.

Now, Haas’ team hopes that Li-Fi could make its way into homes in a few years. The system can easily network any device with an LED light—an electric kettle, an oven. Eventually, this could bring about the Internet of Things era much faster. Haas also sees Li-Fi as a way to bring internet to remote location, using hilltop transmitters and rooftop solar panels. LED streetlights could even be used to form a network of outdoor Li-Fi, making it possible to stay connected when walking around the city.

But some sound a cautious note about VLC’s future. It becomes less powerful , for example,when light is blocked, wheather due to fog or other conditions.

1.By saying "There are around14 billion light bulbs worldwide”Haas intended to tell us that ______________

A. mobile devices will consume more data

B. radio-frequency bandwidth needs to be freed up.

C. VLC might solve the spectum crisis.

D. the world has a complete lighting infrastructure.

2.The underlined phrased “seized on“ in the passage is closet in meaning to “_____________”

A distinguished B. exploited C. created D. figured

3.We can learn from the passage that ________________________

A. Li-Fi can’t work outdoors.

B Li-Fi can work with LED lights off.

C. Li-Fi can be used with all household appliances.

D. Li-Fi needs improving to next diverse need.

Lomography was first officially introduced to China when the Lomography World Congress was held in Beijing in July, 2004. The Lomography World Congress is the greatest annual event of the Lomographic Society. It has been held in Madrid, New York, Tokyo, Cologne and Vienna, etc. The 2004’s great affair(盛会) took place in Beijing and ran a full week.

The first non-official affair of Chinese Lomographers was held in August, 2005 and it attracted much attention. A lot of energetic young people got together under the banner of “I Loma you” which was the slogan of this big party. In China Lomo is more of a symbol of fashion and youth, and most of the Lomographers are stylish young people who work with or study art. The organizer told the editor that the oldest Lomographer who came here is in his forties while the youngest one is about nine years old, but most of the people who are into Lomo are about 20 years old. In China the concept of Lomography is not only about Lomographyer taking photos with Lomo camera, but also a kind of spirit. “I think, generally, the Lomo spirit is everyone trying to love one’s own life and discover the beauty of everyday life,” the organizer said, “what I think more important is the idea of freedom and creativity. The 10 th Golden Rule is ‘don’t worry about any rules’, I think it introduces to us a concept: It’s you who make the rules and it’s you who break the rules. So free your mind and let your creativity work, and your life will be fantastic.”

1.People who are into Lomo are mostly _________________.

A. about 9 years old B. in their forties

C. teenagers D. about 20 years old

2.We can learn from what the organizer said that _________________.

A. everyone should make rules in your life

B. no one can break the rules

C. freedom and creativity can enrich your life

D. the beauty of life is easy to discover

3.In China the concept of Lomo is _________________.

A. to search for the beauty of life

B. to take photos with Lomo camera and a kind of spirit

C. to make your life wonderful and amazing

D. to free your mind and break rules

4.We may find this passage in _________________.

A. a newspaper B. a textbook

C. a notebook D. an advertisement

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