Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 19, 1918, near Umtata, Transkei．A folk hero for South African blacks, Nelson Mandela led the armed struggle against their homeland’s segregationist(隔离主义者)policies．Disappointed by the failure of nonviolent(非暴力)resistance(抵抗), he was an outlaw for 18 months often wearing disguises(伪装)to outwit(以智取生)the authorities(当局)．Finally he became a world-wide symbol of victory against apartheid(种族隔离)when he was freed from a life sentence in prison．
To seek a political career, he refused to succeed(继承)his father as chief of the Tembutribe．He studied law．In 1944 he joined the African National Congress(ANC)and helped found its influential(具有影响力的)Youth League．His first prison sentence was for the ANC’s 1952 Defiance Against Unjust Law Campaign．
After the 1960 massacre(屠杀)of thousands of unarmed pass-law protesters, Mandela became a fugitive(逃亡者)．The security police caught him in 1962．In 1964 he was convicted(定罪)of acts of sabotage(破坏行为)while leading an underground wing of the banned(禁止的)ANC．As his legend grew, a campaign for his freedom intensified(加强)in the 1980s．Mandela was set free on February 11, 1990．He shared the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize with South Africa’s President, F．W．de Klerk．
QUESTIONS：
(1)
Mandela refused to succeed his father as chief of the Tembutribe because ________．
[ ]
A．
he didn’t like the trible life
B．
he liked freedom
C．
he was interested in the political life
D．
he wouldn’t be suitable to be a chief
(2)
From this passage, we can conclude that ________．
[ ]
A．
Mandela was sentenced at least twice
B．
Mandela was the president of South Africa during the 1960s
Nelson Mandela is one of the great political leaders of our time．His lifelong efforts to the fight against racial(种族)oppression(压迫)in his country won him the admiration(钦慕)of millions worldwide, as well as the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize．As the leader of South Africa’s anti-partheid(反种族隔离)movement, Mandela was a key player in helping to move his country toward multiracial government(多民族政府)and majority rule．
Mandela’s long, hard struggle is a victory of dignity(尊严)and hope．He’s a man of true courage．If determination and patience were considered talents, Mandela would win hands down in any sort of competition．
accomplishments(成就)& fame(名誉)
Nelson Mandela’s greatest accomplishments were his role in ending apartheid, and becoming South Africa’s first elected black president．He has been the recipient(收件人)of dozens upon dozens of awards, prizes and honors from countless associations and organizations, but perhaps none more prestigious(声望很高)than the Nobel Peace Prize, which he shared with former South African President Frederik W．de Klerk, in 1993．
He has been awarded several other major peace prizes, such as the UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)Peace Prize in 1991(also shared with F．W．de Klerk); the Africa Peace Award in 1995 and the International Gandhi Peace Prize in 2002．
Mr．Mandela also received dozens of honorary degrees(名誉学位)from universities the world over, including the Universities of Bristol, Cambridge, Glasgow, London, Nottingham, and Oxford, as well as an Honorary Doctorate from the Sorbonne University in Paris(all in July 1996), and Harvard Business School’s Statesman of the Year Award in 1995－to name but a few．He has also been presented(赠送)with the key to cities such as Rome, Rio de Janeiro, London, Dublin, and Sydney, Australia(where he became the first person ever to receive the Freedom of that city)．In July of 2002, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States highest civilian(公民)award．
Model
There’s something admirable about having been a leader fighting for a people’s freedom and equality in an unjust society．Mandela has become a worldwide symbol(楷模)of the struggle of the oppressed(被压迫者)over the oppressor．He has been celebrated in song by artists the world over, in many different languages．One entitled “Nelson Mandela”was recorded by British 2-Tone group The Special A．K．A(formerly The Specials); making the top 10 in the UK and a few other European nations in 1984．
Personal style
As a president, Mandela sported the typical garb(服饰)of high-ranking government officials： expensive, well-tailored(缝制精致的)suits．Now retired(退役)from public life, Mandela the elder statesman dresses in an ordinary way．
He attends many activities, often where he is the guest of honor, in bright, colorfully patterned(典型的)traditional African robes(长袍)or shirts all the better for getting down when the music begins．
(1)
Mandel was not only admired(钦慕)for his long fight against ________but also for ________．
(2)
How many peaceful prize has Mandela got?He has got________ in 1991, ________in 1995 and ________ in 2002．
(3)
Mandela is a man full of ________and his greatest success was to play a part in getting rid of ________ and to be elected ________．
阅读理解
Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had prornised him．He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him．
He rode along until a strange around drew him to the present．He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens．What he saw him．A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like clack cloud and the buzzing mass towards him．
With no wast．Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding without knowing how to escape the swarm a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously down the rough road．As the bees came closer, his panic incread．Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇)．The last sting had landed him in hospital-and that was only one bee sting!He had been forced to stay in bead for two whole days．Suddenly, his father's words came to him．“When you are in a tight situation, don't panie．Use your brain and think your ways out of it．”
On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards form the chimney of the Nelson family home．“Bees don't like smoke,”he thought．“They couldn't get into the house．”Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining ground．Andy knew be could not reach the house in time．He estimated that the bees would eatch up with him soon．
Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr．Nelson to irnigate his vegetable garden．Off his bike and into the cool water he dived, disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects．After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees has gone．Dragging himself out of the dang the struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell．Mr Nelson took hism inside and rang his mother．
“You'll really red that aming break to help you recover,”laughed his mother with lelief．“Thank goodness you didn't paril But Andy did not hear her．He was dreaming once again at the she he would catch tomorrow．”
(1)
Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?
[ ]
A．
He was riding to school．
B．
He was listening to a strange sound．
C．
He was going fishing with his father．
D．
He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip．
(2)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the swarm of bees in the passage?
[ ]
A．
They crowded like a black cloud．
B．
They shocked and terrified Andy．
C．
They tried to attack Andy in a mass．
D．
They made Andy stay in hospital for two days．
(3)
How did Andy avoid the bees in the end?
[ ]
A．
He asked Mr．Nelson in help．
B．
He hid himself under the water．
C．
He rushed into the Nelson house．
D．
He rode off in the oppossnte ditcction．
(4)
Which of he tollowing can best describe Andy's escape from the becs?
[ ]
A．
No pain no gains．
B．
Once bitten, twice she
C．
Where there is a will, there is a way．
D．
In time of dangct, one's mind works fast．
阅读理解
As the human population grows, the population of rat also increases．Britain is facing a sharp rise in its rat population as growing numbers of people leave what they cannot finish of the fast food in the street, an environment group warned．Keep Britain Tidy said the rats were stopping their traditional hunts underground and were running across the streets, invited by burgers, pizzas and crisps left behind by man．“The rat population is on the rise and soon it’ll be as common to see a rat on our street as it is to see a dog or a cat,” said group Director, Sue Nelson．The practice of spreading fast food litter and scraps on the street rather than in the dustbin－with young men the worst group－was behind the rise．According to the National Rodent Survey in 2005, Britain’s rat population has grown by nearly one quarter since 2000 and is now estimated at 60 million, two million more than the human population．On average a rat can give birth every 24-28 days and just a single pair of rats can produce a family of 2,000 a year．Around 200 people a year get Weil’s Disease －an infection which can lead to liver or kidney(肝肾)failure and eventually death and which is carried in rats’ waste．To attract people’s attention to the problem, Keep Britain Tidy produced a cinema ad with a title “How close do you want them to get?” The ad gave a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rats--reminding people of the terrible scene from James Herbert’s classic horror tale The Rats, in which rats begin to hunt for humans．
(1)
Where did the rats use to search for food?
[ ]
A．
In the street
B．
Under the ground
C．
From the dustbins
D．
In burger shops
(2)
What was the rat population in Britain in 2000 according to the writer?
[ ]
A．
Around 60 million
B．
Around 2 million
C．
Around 38 million
D．
Around 45 million
(3)
We may infer from the passage that _________．
[ ]
A．
Weil’s Disease will finally end the world
B．
pizzas and crisps will become unpopular
C．
rats will put human beings’ life in danger
D．
young people should take the responsibility for the rat population
(4)
By writing the passage, the author tries to _________．
[ ]
A．
close some of the burger and pizza restaurants
B．
draw the public attention to the problem of rats
C．
prevent the rats from growing up
D．
making an advertisement for the classic horror tale The Rats
