题目内容

【题目】Why this excellent newspaper allows such an article to be printed is _______ me.

A. above B. outside C. beside D. beyond

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析:考查介词辨析。句中is为谓语动词,后面接表语。A “在…之上“B“在…外面”C“在…旁边”D“超出,超过”,句意:这么优秀的杂志竟然允许刊登这样的文章,这真是让我匪夷所思。因此,选D超出我的理解范围。

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【题目】A

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS) (肌萎缩性侧索硬化症) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Motor neurons reach from the brain to the spinal cord and from the spinal cord to the muscles throughout the body. The progressive degeneration of the motor neurons in ALS eventually leads to their death. When the motor neurons die, the ability of the brain to initiate and control muscle movement is lost. With voluntary(随意的) muscle action progressively affected, patients in the later stages of the disease may become totally paralyzed.

A-myo-trophic comes from the Greek language. "A" means no or negative. "Myo" refers to muscle, and "Trophic" means nourishment--"No muscle nourishment." When a muscle has no nourishment, it "atrophies" or wastes away. "Lateral" identifies the areas in a person's spinal cord where portions of the nerve cells that signal and control the muscles are located. As this area degenerates it leads to scarring or hardening ("sclerosis") in the region.

As motor neurons degenerate, they can no longer send impulses to the muscle fibers that normally result in muscle movement. Early symptoms of ALS often include increasing muscle weakness, especially involving the arms and legs, speech, swallowing or breathing. When muscles no longer receive the messages from the motor neurons that they require to function, the muscles begin to atrophy (become smaller). Limbs begin to look "thinner" as muscle tissue atrophies.

What Types of Nerves Make Your Body Work Properly?

The body has many kinds of nerves. There are those involved in the process of thinking, memory, and of detecting sensations (such as hot/cold, sharp/dull), and others for vision, hearing, and other bodily functions. The nerves that are affected when you have ALS are the motor neurons that provide voluntary movements and muscle power. Examples of voluntary movements are your making the effort to reach for the phone or step off a curb; these actions are controlled by the muscles in the arms and legs.

The heart and the digestive system are also made of muscle but a different kind, and their movements are not under voluntary control. When your heart beats or a meal is digested, it all happens automatically. Therefore, the heart and digestive system are not involved in ALS. Breathing also may seem to be involuntary. Remember, though, while you cannot stop your heart, you can hold your breath-so be aware that ALS may eventually have an impact on breathing.

Although the cause of ALS is not completely understood, the recent years have brought a wealth of new scientific understanding regarding the physiology of this disease.

While there is not a cure or treatment today that halts or reverses ALS, there is one FDA approved drug, riluzole, that modestly slows the progression of ALS as well as several other drugs in clinical trials that hold promise.

Importantly, there are significant devices and therapies that can manage the symptoms of ALS that help people maintain as much independence as possible and prolong survival. It is important to remember that ALS is a quite variable disease; no two people will have the same journey or experiences. There are medically documented cases of people in whom ALS burns out, stops progressing or progresses at a very slow rate.

1What does the underlined word their in Paragraph 1 refer to___________?

A. ALS patients B. nerve cells

C. motor neurons D. muscle action

2Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2___________?

A. introduce the meaning of ALS

B. why does a muscle have no nourishment

C. where portions of the nerve cells are located

D. what leads to scarring or hardening

3Which is NOT involved in the early symptoms of ALS__________?

A. arms B. speech C. breathing D. heart

4What can we learn from the passage__________?

A. As motor neurons degenerate, they can no longer send impulses to the muscle fibers.

B. If muscles cant receive the messages sent by motor neurons, limbs begin to look "thinner".

C. The heart and the digestive system are also affected by ALS.

D. the cause of ALS has been completely understood.

5The passage most probably comes from____________.

A. Health Magazine B. News report

C. Travel Guide D. English textbook

【题目】Nuclear energy has always been controversial. But since the tsunami and nuclear disaster in Fukushima (Japan) last year the issue is back in the headlines. And the world is divided— some countries are planning more nuclear plants, while others have promised to shut theirs down.

After Fukushima, Germany decided to switch off all its nuclear plants by 2022. Switzerland and Italy are also phasing out nuclear power. But France and the United States remain staunch supporters of atomic energy. In fact, almost 80% of France’s electricity comes from nuclear power, the highest percentage in the world. And in the US, the Obama administration said it “continues to support the expansion of nuclear power, despite the crisis in Japan.”

Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment. Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear power doesn’t create greenhouse gases. So, pro-nuclear countries argue that nuclear power allows them to generate energy without contributing to climate change. Britain’s chief scientific adviser (John Beddington) supports this view. He recently said that the world doesn’t have the luxury of ignoring nuclear energy.

Nuclear power is also relatively cheap. Renewable energy sources such as solar, hydro and wind power may be clean, but they’re expensive; and right now, they require a lot of investment. This higher cost of using “green energy” is usually passed onto the consumer. So, while many people may prefer their energy to come from a renewable source, not so many are prepared to pay higher energy bills. This is of particular concern while the world economy is in such bad shape.

The main argument against nuclear energy is that it isn’t safe. For a start, nuclear waste is very difficult to dispose of, and remains toxic to humans for thousands of years. And even before Fukushima, there were several high-profile nuclear disasters. The most famous is probably the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, in the Ukraine. The radiation from the meltdown spread all over Europe, affecting thousands.

The nuclear energy issue is very complex. And it doesn’t look like it’ll be resolved anytime soon. As a Japanese commentator recently said, “it’s been a bad year for the ‘nuclear village’, but I don’t think they’re down and out yet.” The battle continues.

【1Which of the following may NOT be the advantage of nuclear energy over other energy sources?

A. Nuclear energy doesn’t produce any greenhouse gases.

B. Nuclear energy can help prevent the climate damage.

C. Nuclear energy is more environmental-friendly than other green energy sources.

D. Nuclear energy can save the consumers some money, compared to other renewable energies.

【2What does the underlined word “this refer to in paragraph 4?

A. The fact that many people prefer to use the green energy sources while unwilling to pay higher bill.

B. The cost of using renewable sources

C. The fact that the nuclear power is cheaper.

D. The investment of renewable energy sources

【3In the 5th paragraph, the author takes the case of Chernobyl disaster in Ukraine to _______.

A. convince the reader that nuclear waste is difficult to get rid of.

B. explain that nuclear waste may remain harmful to humans for thousands of years.

C. persuade the world not to use nuclear energy.

D. support the idea that nuclear energy is not safe.

【4We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.

A. the Japanese commentator is positive about the future of nuclear energy.

B. the nuclear energy issue will be soon settled.

C. a battle will break out in the future.

D. Japan is considering to build a nuclear village in the future.

【5】What is the author's purpose of writing the passage?

A. To highlight the danger of using nuclear energy.

B. To introduce some serious nuclear disasters.

C. To show the argument between nuclear supporters and protesters.

D. To give some advice on how to use nuclear energy safely.

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