In many sports, physical contact(身体接触) is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads, the hit can cause concussions(脑震荡).

Concussions have long been a concern for professional athletes, but they’ve become more common among young players too. Between 2001 and 2009, the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent.

Engineers are developing new helmets(头盔), and new rules are limiting physical contact in some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids’ brains?

Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump, your body is moving at an increased speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different direction.

“It’s like when you’re in a bus and it makes a sudden stop,” says Dr. Kevin Crutchfield, an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore, Maryland. “You hit the inside of the bus.”

This hit damages the brain. It affects the way the brain functions. So some sports require athletes to wear helmets. Helmets help reduce the force of a hit. The hard outer shell spreads the force of larger area. Inside a helmet, a plastic or air-filled lining also helps soften the blow.

Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab, he tests how helmets hold up against different types of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions completely, says Rowson. But he’s found that when wearing a newer football helmet, the player’s head doesn’t gain speed as much after a hit. That lowers the risk of concussions.

Many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the risk of concussions. In soccer, most concussions happen as a result of headers—shots or passes made with the head. That’s why many people think kids shouldn’t head the ball until high school.

These efforts should help, says Crutchfield. But the best way to prevent long-term brain injuries, he says, is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.”

1.Concussions among young players ______.

A. are rare before 2001

B. seem extremely worrying

C. cause kids to lose interest in sports

D. are mostly caused by wearing no helmets

2.The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to _____.

A. stress it’s dangerous to ride buses

B. show human brains are easily damaged

C. give a better explanation of concussions

D. remind people to wear helmets while playing sports

3.What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets?

A. They vary a lot in size.

B. They work better than the old ones.

C. They slow down the player’s running speed.

D. They allow the players to move their heads more freely.

4.Dr. Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion, young players should__.

A. never head the ball

B. avoid dangerous sports

C. play other kinds of sports

D. stop playing the sport for a while

Lillian Hanson, a college student, expects to graduate in about two years. What makes Mrs Hanson different from her classmates is her age – 73 years. She has been studying at college, a few courses at a time, for 27 years.

When Lillian Hanson graduated from high school, she went to the bank to borrow money for further education. The banker gave her no encouragement. He didn’t think that a country girl should borrow money to go to college. He thought she should be at home doing work in the house or around the farm. So Lillian Hanson went home and raised a family of nine children instead of going to college.

Mrs Hanson never forgot her dream of getting a higher education. When her children grew up, she tried again.

She finds it is the hardest part of going back to school at her age to be sitting in class for long periods of time. Because she is not as quick as she used to be. Mrs Hanson often gets up and walks around between classes to keep from getting stiff(不灵活的). At the beginning of a course in using the computer, the other students all stood up to give her a warm welcome when she introduced herself and explained why she was there and what her aims were.

1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. An Unusual Student B. A Kind – hearted Mother

C. A Cruel Banker D. A Strange Woman

2.What was the difference between Mrs Hanson and her classmates?

A. She worked hard at her lessons

B. She was much older

C. She was a country girl

D. She was eager to graduate from college

3.Why couldn’t Mrs Hanson go to college soon after she graduated from high school?

A. Because she had got married

B. Because she wanted to teach herself

C. Because she was a country girl

D. Because she wasn’t rich enough

4.In which order did Mrs Hanson do the following things?

a. She had her 73rd birthday

b. She finished high school

c. She began her studies at college

d. She went to the bank to borrow money

e. She got married and gave birth to nine children

A. e,c,b,a,d B. b,d,e,c,a C. e,d,b,c,a D. b,d,a,c,e

阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从1—20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项.

On a cold November afternoon,my mother and I were walking home from a .We were dressed .I was feeling a little as I was carrying our shopping,and decided to throw away something.So I started to walk towards a when I noticed a poor man walking out of the restaurant in front of us.He over to another nearby dustbin and started looking through it.

I suddenly felt very guilty because I was about to throw away a new drink just because it was .I walked up to him and handed the and some snacks(小吃)over to him.The man looked up and took what I gave him.A huge smile across his face and this me to feel indescribable satisfaction.I felt I couldn’t be happier myself.But then he said:“Wow,this is my son’s lucky day!”

With that,he thanked me happily and started off on his bike,I heard him whistling a song as he rode away.

I got a warm inside.I now understand is meant by the saying “giving is getting”.

Although it only a little action and a few words,I gained and learned more in those two minutes than I did in the rest of the month.Everyone in the world needs ,everyone can help and everyone will be helped by kindness.

The image of that man’s happiness caused by my small gift appears in my mind every I have the chance to do sething nice.

This is the of charity(慈善行为).

1.A.store B.school C.hospital D.factory

2.A.poorly B.coldly C.warmly D.expensively

3.A.glad B.interested C.bored D.tired

4.A.street B.dustbin C.toilet D.corner

5.A.walked B.looked C.thought D.took

6.A.cheap B.heavy C.tasteless D.full

7.A.money B.toys C.drink D.Clothes

8.A.in silence B.in surprise C.in interest D.in a hurry

9.A.spread B.Came C.went D.ran

10.A.forced B.helped C.made D.caused

11.A.with B.to C.at D.for

12.A.still B.never C.even D.ever

13.A.opinion B.mind C.idea D.feeling

14.A.which B.what C.that D.it

15.A.cost B.took C.spent D.asked

16.A.1ove B.money C.help D.drink

17.A.give B.send C.offer D.have

18.A.showing B.expressing C.1ending D.saying

19.A.moment B.day C.minute D.time

20.A.aim B.meaning C.strength D.Power

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网