题目内容
【题目】The first day of school we were challenged to get to know a new classmate. I around when a gentle hand touched my shoulder. I found a little lady with a warm smile.
She said, "Hi! I'm Rose. I'm 87 years old. Can I give you a hug?" I laughed and heartily ，"Of course!”“Why are you in college at such a young, innocent age?" I asked. She replied, "I'm here to meet a rich husband, get married, have children, and then travel around." "No , I asked. I was curious why she this challenge at this age. "I always having a college education and now I'm getting one!" she told me. We became instant friends.
, Rose became a campus icon (偶像) and she easily made friends wherever she went. She loved to dress up and she enjoyed the from the other students.
At the end of the semester we invited Rose to speak at our football banquet. I'll never forget what she us. "We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old we stop playing. Here are the secrets to staying . You have to laugh and find every day. You've got to have a dream. When you lose your dreams, you die. we have many people like this walking around!" she said. "There is a huge between growing older and growing up. Anybody can grow older. That doesn't any talent or ability, "she added. "But growing up requires the opportunity in change. Have no . The elderly usually don't regret what they did, but rather things they did not do. "
One week after graduation that year, Rose died peacefully in her sleep. She taught us that it's never too to be all you can possibly be.
【1】A. stoppedB. showedC. asked D. looked
【2】A. oldB. excitingC. strangeD. nervous
【3】A. added B. claimedC. respondedD. offered
【4】A. slowlyB. jokinglyC. quicklyD. simply
【5】A. seriouslyB. wiselyC. really D. secretly
【6】A. took offB. put upC. took onD. put on
【7】A. dreamed toB. looked back on C. looked up to D. dreamed of
【8】A. Over the yearB. At the momentC. Once again D. As usual
【9】A. jokesB. questionsC. attentionD. followers
【10】A. inspiredB. taughtC. requestedD. lectured
【11】A. whenB. becauseC. soD. although
【12】A. youngB. healthyC. growingD. developing
【13】A. goalsB. humorC. meaningD. interest
【14】A. UnfortunatelyB. NaturallyC. GenerallyD. Fairly
【15】A. divisionB. changeC. crossD. difference
【16】A. useB. takeC. compare D. prefer
【17】A. winningB. improvingC. meetingD. finding
【18】A. doubtsB. fearC. regrets D. worry
【19】A. in timeB. by himselfC. by exampleD. in practice
【20】A. lateB. oldC. early D. young
【答案】
【1】D
【2】A
【3】C
【4】B
【5】A
【6】C
【7】D
【8】A
【9】C
【10】B
【11】B
【12】A
【13】B
【14】A
【15】D
【16】B
【17】D
【18】C
【19】C
【20】A
【解析】
【1】D 句意：当有人用手轻轻地触摸我的肩头时，我环顾四周。look around环顾四周。
【2】A 从下文罗丝的自我介绍I'm 87 years old.可知，此空为old。
【3】C 句意：我非常开心地回应。respond做出反应。
【4】B 从下文，罗丝说自己在这样一个年龄来上学是为了找个富裕的丈夫，结婚生子，对于一位87岁高龄的人来说，当然是在开玩笑。因此选jokingly。
【5】A No seriously没当真吧，调侃的话。
【6】C 动词短语词义辨析。take on接受；承担；呈现；开始雇佣；take off脱下；起飞；put up建造；供给住宿；put on上演，演出；假装；穿上。
【7】D 动词短语词义辨析。look back on回顾，回忆起；look up to尊敬，敬仰；dream of梦见，渴望。
【8】A 在这一年中，over the year。
【9】C 句意：她喜欢打扮和吸引同学们的注意。
【10】B 考查动词词义辨析。inspire鼓舞，激发；赋予灵感；teach教，教导，教训；request请求，要求；lecture sb.教训某人（含贬义）。
【11】B 根据文义和句式对称可知。
【12】A 句意：这就是保持青春的秘密。stay young保持年轻。
【13】B laugh和humor语义相关。
【14】A 副词词义辨析。Unfortunately不幸地；Naturally自然地；Centrally普遍地，一般来说；Fairly公正地。根据句意，选A。
【15】D a huge difference between growing older and growing up在变老和长大之间有巨大的差别。
【16】B 句意：不需要智慧和能力。That doesn't take any talent or ability。
【17】D 句意：但长大需要找到变化的机遇。find the opportunity in change。
【18】C 下文The elderly usually don't regret what they did中有暗示。
【19】C 她为我们以身示范：成就自己，永不会晚。
【20】A 成就自己，永远不晚。
【题目】Observational Learning: To See Is to Know
A group of psychologists, led by Albert Bandura, developed social learning theory, which emphasizes the fact that much learning occurs in a social context. This kind of learning, which results simply from observing and imitating the behavior of others, is called observational learning. Observational learning helps people acquire proper behavior in their families and cultures. By watching others, we learn how to greet people, eat, laugh and tell jokes. Do you still remember your first few days in senior grade one? By watching others, you learned how people talked to each other, what clothes were “fashionable,” and how to interact with instructors.
With modeling, you observe others’ behavior, and then none, some, or all of the behavior may be learned and repeated, or modified. In one of Bandura’s classic studies, children were divided into three groups: One group watched an adult beating up a Bobo doll, one group watched an adult ignoring the Bobo doll, and the third didn’t see an adult at all. After being mildly frustrated by being placed in a room with toys, but not being allowed to play with some of them, all of the children were then placed in another room with a variety of toys, including a Bobo doll. Children in the first group tended to imitate what they had seen, mistreating the doll (and inventing new ways to abuse it).
Researchers have discovered that several characteristics of models can make learning through observation more effective. Not surprisingly, the more you pay attention to the model, the more you learn. You are more likely to pay attention if the model is an expert, is good looking, has high status, or is socially powerful. Second, by watching others, we learn about what behavior is appropriate for people like ourselves, so models who are seen as similar are more readily imitated. All students need to see successful, capable models who look and sound like them.
Then, as teachers, how can you apply observational learning? Here are a few guidelines. Above all, model the behavior and attitudes you desire your students to learn. For example, show enthusiasm for the subject you teach. Be willing to demonstrate both the mental and the physical tasks you expect the students to perform. Second, use peers, especially class leaders, as models. For example, in group work, pair students who do well with those who are having difficulties. Third, you may seek the help of class leaders in modeling behavior. Examples include letting high-status students lead an activity when you need class cooperation or when students are likely to be reluctant at first.
Observational Learning: To See Is to Know | |
【1】__________ and application of observational learning | Observational learning is learning that occurs through 【2】 ________ and imitation of others. |
Observational learning helps people learn how to behave 【3】_______ in their families and cultures. | |
Models and their 【4】_________ | Models are the people who present behavior for you to imitate. |
Bandura’s study shows that if children observe an adult beating up a doll, they will become 【5】 __________. | |
Characteristics of models that make observational learning more effective. | Children are more 【6】__________ to imitate models who are experts, good looking, powerful and have high status. |
Models 【7】_________ to ourselves promote observational learning. | |
How to use observational learning in【8】________ | Modeling the【9】 ________ behaviors and attitudes is an important approach. |
Using peers, especially class leaders, as models is another method. | |
【10】_________ the help of class leaders in modeling behavior is also a good choice. | |