题目内容

Traditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage.

Managers have planned and directed the finds operations with little thought of consulting the labor force. Managers have rarely felt forced to obtain the worker's opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees. At most, companies have provided "suggestion boxes" in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor—they have a vital stake (利害关系) in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. Furthermore, major company decisions affect workers and their dependants. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?

Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. A common complaint among ordinary workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions. Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs (失业) , often with no warning. At least 90 days' notice ought to he given in such circumstances so that workers have time to adjust. Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions (妥协) that will help keep the plant operating.

It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policy-making groups. If ordinary workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their spirits will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive (激励), they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stock ownership plans (员工持股计划), bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

1.What can we learn about managers from Paragraph l?

A. They were not quite qualified.

B. They disliked "suggestion boxes".

C. They never consulted the labor force.

D. They seldom obtained workers' opinions.

2.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workers ________.

A. are not sellers of the products any longer

B. should have a say in management of the company

C. are less affected by company decisions than before

D. are able to make the final decisions for the company

3.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?

A. Workers did not make necessary concessions.

B. Many companies were closed because of strikes.

C. Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.

D. About 5 million workers were laid off without advance notice.

4.If they are not given a voice in managerial decision making, workers ________.

A. cannot get a share in the company's profits

B. will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant

C. may lack the incentive to increase their productivity

D. can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivity

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A

Why are certain people so memorable, while some fade from our memories over time? This question crosses my mind often; there are many possible answers. When you are raising children, you realize that some people become very important to them, draw them in, accept and respect them. These people change them.

Several examples come to mind with my youngest son. He was always more comfortable around his dad’s friends than his own. He loved to spend time with them, fish with them, listen to their stories and just be with them.

He has experienced the loss of several really meaningful friendships over the past few years, and it has been very painful for him. One, Dr. George, was a neighbor and fishing buddy who would call to see if Ken could go fishing with him. Dr. George always said Ken was the son he never had and that it meant everything to him. He died very suddenly while fishing with all of his best buddies a few years ago. The huge hole that left in so many lives simply cannot be filled — for Ken it was immensely painful.

There was another fishing buddy of his dad’s, Frank, who was always fun to be around. Ken was very young then, but he really enjoyed getting along with "the guy" when they were fishing. Frank and his family went to the Keys in the same week as we did one year ago and the memory remains to this day. Cheerful and happy, he was able to laugh at himself and accept everyone’s abilities or lack of them, all qualities that impressed Ken so much.

When he became deadly ill, Ken drove from his home in North Carolina to Florida for an overnight visit with him. He died a short time later. The day after his funeral (葬礼), Frank came to Ken in a dream and asked if he would take care of his wife, Carol. To Ken this was very meaningful, and today they share a special bond that Frank somehow knew would be important for them both.

1. According to the author, some people are unforgettable to us because of .

A. their great achievements

B. their consideration and kindness

C. good relationships between us

D. successful cooperation between us

2.What can best replace the underlined word "buddy" in the passage?

A. Friend. B. Neighbor. C. Instructor. D. Guide.

3.Carol is mentioned in the last paragraph to show us that __________.

A. Frank wanted her to marry Ken B. Ken met Frank in a dream

C. Frank regarded Ken as his son D. Ken was a gentleman

4.What’s the main idea of this passage?

A. It’s interesting to go fishing with your father’s friends.

B. The friendship between Ken and his father’s friends.

C. Making friends with adults is easier than with your peers.

D. The good relationship among Ken’s families.

Some people are afraid of starting a casual conversation with a stranger because of a fear of not having anything interesting to say. Fear of rejection is also a ______ for keeping silent. Small talk in a conversation can ______ as a way of warming up and getting to ______ each other. Most people, no matter ______ successful they are at work, will find the process of ______ small talk uncomfortable, even pointless.______, you will have a pretty small world ______ you refuse to let others in. Starting off with a casual comment or question will make others ______, and even just greeting them with a simple “hello” will often be enough.

Once you have made the first ______, there is no turning back. You need to keep things ______ before you can gracefully say goodbye. Think about what you would like to ______ with a new friend and that is what you can ask the other person about. Work, family, hobbies or interests are some ______ points of discussion. To keep the ball rolling, you can show that you are really ______ in what they are saying. Once you find common ______ of interest, things will definitely ______ off from there.

Small talk can ______ out to be a pleasant experience. The conversation ______ be brief and casual without turning into a long and boring discussion. Do not let yourself ______ the conversation where other people have no chance to talk. Stop worrying about how big of a fool you may appear to be. You may ______ find out later on that you have the “______” of getting people to open up to you by engaging them in small talk.

1.A. right B. reason C. result D. sign

2.A. take B. use C. mean D. serve

3.A. know B. learn C. recognize D. help

4.A. what B. whether C. why D. how

5.A. giving B. leaving C. making D. forcing

6.A. So B. Instead C. However D. Besides

7.A. unless B. until C. if D. Though

8.A. comfortable B. upset C. nervous D. satisfied

9.A. dream B. plan C. wish D. move

10.A. changing B. rising C. improving D. going

11.A. know B. share C. do D. show

12.A. private B. present C. important D. general

13.A. careful B. surprised C. interested D. encouraged

14.A. ideas B. experiences C. points D. actions

15.A. take B. put C. get D. set

16.A. come B. turn C. find D. figure

17.A. should B. can C. will D. may

18.A. start B. complete C. consider D. control

19.A. still B. even C. ever D. almost

20.A. right B. belief C. talent D. habit

Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.

A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos(纹身) nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.

Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees, because those people represent the companies to their customers.

As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.

There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.

1.Which of the following is the newspaper editor’s opinion according to Paragraph2?

A. People’s appearances carry message about themselves.

B. Customers’ choices influence dress standards in companies.

C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.

D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.

2.What can be inferred from the text?

A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.

B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.

C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.

D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.

3.Which of the following would be the best title for the text ?

A. Employees Matter

B. Personal Choices Matter

C. Appearances Matter

D. Hiring Managers Matter

4.The author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as .

A. enthusiastic B. negative

C. positive D. sympathetic

How to read more and learn more

These days, more and more Chinese people enjoy sending and receiving message on the phone. It can help the to get the latest news and communicate with friends. But I think I should read more books besides the textbooks, the more, the better. It can broaden my mind and improve my language skills.1.Here are some tips for you.

Clear your purpose for reading

2.Most people read for two main reasons, pleasure or knowledge. Clearing about your reading purpose can not only help you choose the books you really need to read, but also remind you why reading the book is important to you, so you will keep reading and complete the book faster.

3.

No matter what you are reading, it is important to enjoy what you read. Your friends may tell you the books they love, but those books might not necessarily be the ones you enjoy.

Give up books that you don’t enjoy

You may have chosen books that you are interested in, and they are right to your purpose. But while you are reading them, there may still be some books that you don’t enjoy reading. Whenever you realize that you aren’t enjoying the book you are reading, give it up. 4.

Set a reading goal

It is interesting that I read the books borrowed from libraries faster than those I bought. The reason is the books I bought don’t have a due date! I don’t need to return those books.5.Before you read each book, ask yourself what time you need to complete this book by.

A. Read only what you are interested in.

B. Read the books borrowed from others

C. Remember reading shouldn’t be a chore

D. Of course, it also can help me to get good grades

E. We need to get the latest news and communicate with friends

F. Before you start reading, ask yourself why you are reading this book

G. Having a reading goal helps you work out how much reading you need to do in a week or even a day.

Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp

Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit—and that can be a very annoying thing.  1. Read on for some techniques worth trying.

1. 2.

People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease (早老性痴呆症), according to a recent study. 3.Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do. There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better. In other words, keep your brain looking forward.

2. Go for a walk

Mildly raised glucose (葡萄糖) levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels. In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain. 4.

3. Learn something new

Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards. A study found that mental stimulation (刺激) limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind. But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time. 5.Or go dancing with your friends.

A. Focus on the future.

B. This can be especially harmful to the aged.

C. It should be something like learning gardening.

D. So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

E. But don't worry if your schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.

F. Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.

G. In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.

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