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书面表达

假定你是李华，你校与美国一所友好学校决定通过网络开展跨文化交流活动（Cross -cultural Communication Project）。请你用邮件与美方联系，谈谈自己对交流活动内容的设想，征求对方意见。

你建议交流活动应包括以下四个方面内容：

1. 自我介绍；

2. 饮食文化差异；

3. 中学教育；

4. 语言学习体会。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Hi Mark,

Hope all is well.

Yours,

Li Hua

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To be a good listener, there are many things to do. For example, you need to be 1. about covering the story. Only if you have a good 2. for a story, can you 3. all information that you need. Besides, listening is also important. You have to listen for detailed facts, 4. you have to prepare the next question 5. on what the person says.

It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction. Each class had unique characteristics.

In recent years, many writers have begun to speak the ‘decline of class’ and ‘classless society’ in Britain. And in modern day consumer society everyone is considered to be middle class.

But pronouncing the death of class is too early. A recent wide-ranging society of public opinion found 90 percent of people still placing themselves in particular class; 73 percent agreed that class was still a vital part of British society; and 52 percent thought there were still sharp class differences. Thus, class may not be culturally and politically obvious, yet it remains an important part of British society. Britain seems to have a love of stratification.

One unchanging aspect of a British person's class position is accent. The words a person speaks tell her or his class. A study of British accents during 1970s found that a voice sounding like a BBC newsreader was viewed as the most attractive voice. Most people said this accent sounded ‘educated’ and ‘soft’. The accents placed at the bottom in this study, on the other hand, were regional（地区的）city accents. These accents were seen as ‘common’ and ‘ugly’. However, a similar study of British accents in the US turned these results upside down and placed some regional accents as the most attractive and BBC English as the least. This suggests that British attitudes towards accent have deep roots and are based on class prejudice.

In recent years, however, young upper middle-class people in London, have begun to adopt some regional accents, in order to hide their class origins. This is an indication of class becoming unnoticed. However, the 1995 pop song ‘Common People’ puts forward the view that though a middle-class person may ‘want to live like common people' they can never appreciate the reality of a working-class life.

1.A recent study of public opinion shows that in modern Britain ________. A. it is time to end class distinction

B. most people belong to middle class

C. it is easy to recognize a person’s class

D. people regard themselves socially different

2.The word stratification in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________.

A. variety B. division C. authority D. qualification

3.British attitudes towards accent _________.

A. have a long tradition

B. are based on regional status

C. are shared by the Americans

D. have changed in recent years

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The middle class is expanding

B. A person’s accent reflects his class

C. Class is a key part of British society

D. Each class has unique characteristics.

Poor boy! His looks and hands suggested he was very afraid.

A. frightful; trembling B. frightened; trembling

C. frightening; trembled D. frightened; trembled

Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______ with his old one.

A. impressed B. supplied C. occupied D. compared

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

I’m the kind of girl who always has questions. I’m always wondering everything about the world. I love journalism, 1. is all about investigating, reporting, and publishing information for other people to read.

My writing career 2. (start) when I was really little. I made 3. stories about small horses and princesses. I still loved creative writing. But these days, I’m mostly into 4. (gather) information and reporting on 5. I’ve found out. I’ve learned a lot about the world.

My dad is in the entertainment business. Once I was talking with one of his friends, 6. famous singer, and she said I asked a lot of good questions. She also said I should keep it up, so that’s what I did. Now I love interviewing 7. (act) and famous musicians and getting all the facts. Sometimes I’m nervous before an interview, 8. that pushes me to work harder. Later, when I’m organizing and paragraphs, it’s 9. (real) fun. I have a blog 10. I post videos of my interviews and write about the interviews. I hope to interview celebrities（名人）on the red carpet someday.

How many hours does it take to be fluent in English?

There are plenty of people in the UK for whom even basic English is a problem. According to the survey, 726,000 people in England and Wales said they could not speak English well, and another 138,000 said they did not speak it at all.

Ling, 40,who arrived five years ago from China, found it difficult to learn English. " When I came here l was pregnant and so I was at home for the next three years. It took me longer to learn as l was very busy with the children.” Eventually she was able to begin taking classes and now speaks good conversational English. But even with classes, it can be a long process to pick up the language.

Age is the most important factor in language acquisition, says Mila Vulchanova, professor of linguistics at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. "There is a sensitive period in language learning, which is biologically determined, with an onset at birth and a decline around puberty. So the younger the immigrant, the better. Since this decline is only gradual, teenagers are at an advantage over adults.” he says.

There are a number of systems for grading English. The government expects immigrants to reach "ESOL Entry 3" or "B1 level" in Scotland, before they can be granted citizenship. It's equivalent（相当的） to being able to hold a confident conversation and-it might take 360 hours of study to achieve.

George Osborne said in June following the spending review that welfare claimants（申请者）who don't speak English will have their benefits cut if they fail to attend language courses.

Huan Japes, deputy chief executive of English UK, a trade body for language colleges, says a rule of thumb is 360 hours-120 hours for each of three stages-to get to the standard the government expects benefit claimants to reach.

But many of the people who attend courses are visiting students rather than people settling in the UK. Immigrants tend to have very varied levels of education.

" Using 120 hours( for each stage of English fluency) is a rather traditional approach to course book learning," says Dr Elaine Boyd, head of English language at Trinity College London. "If someone is really highly motivated, they can learn really quickly. It's common for children under the age of 11 to be very immersed and be fluent in about six months. "

1.The example of Ling is given to show that _ .

A. it's important to speak fluent English

B. many immigrants attend English classes

C. it's difficult to learn English well

D. many immigrants can't speak English in England

2. What does Mila Vulchanova mainly stress?

A. The necessity of working hard at English.

B. The function of the sensitive period.

C. The advantages of children's learning English.

D. The importance of starting learning English early.

3.What Dr Elaine Boyd says suggests that .

A. 120 hours is a standard that is a little low

B. 120 hours is a standard that is too high

C. English fluency can be easily achieved

D. English fluency can hardly be achieved

4.The author develops the passage mainly by .

A. using survey data

B. using experts' views

C. giving examples of English learners

D. listing the facts of English learning

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Mr. and Mrs. Jackson worked in the same company. The man was skillful and earned twice as much, if not more than, 1. his wife. But he had to give all his money to his wife, 2. bought the food, clothes and drinks for him. He was angry with her 3. couldn’t say anything. All the men in the workplace were afraid of their wives and they felt sorry for each other.

It was March 8th and all the women had a day off. The men were free to say whatever they wanted. They had endless 4. (complain) about their wives. And they thought 5. unfair that women had their own festival but they didn’t. The more they said, the 6. (angry) they became. They decided to write a letter to the UN and advised them 7. (cancel) “Women’s Day”. They asked Mr. Jackson to do it, too. The man agreed and began to write it.

When Mr. Jackson finished it, his wife came in. Her key 8. (leave) in the workplace and she came for it. She made him hand the letter to her. 9. (read) it, the woman said with a smile, “How can you post it to the UN 10. I don’t supply you with the money for buying a stamp?”

Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.

The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.

The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.

Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue(税收) overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.

1.According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. All international managers can learn culture.

B. Business diversity is not necessary.

C. Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

D. Most people do not know foreign culture well.

2.What does the underlined word “myopia” (in para. 3) mean?

A. difference B. similarity

C. foresight D. shortsightedness

3. We can infer from the passage that this article is supposed to be most useful for those_______

A. who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

B. who have connections to more than one type of culture.

C. who want to travel abroad.

D. who want to run business on International Sale

4. According to Fortune, successful international companies___________ .

A. earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

B. all have the quality of patience

C. will follow the overseas local cultures

D. adopt the policy of internationalization

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