题目内容

Snowblind--it’s a frightening word. Thankfully, it’s a condition that is totally preventable.

Snow blindness is a painful, temporary loss of vision due to overexposure to the sun's UV rays. Essentially, snow blindness is caused by a sunburned eye.

1.Though it is commonly called snow blindness, the condition can (and often does)occur in the absence of snow.

The terms "snowblind" and "snow blindness" have become popular because snow is highly reflective of ultraviolet radiation.2.Also, skiing, mountain climbing and snowboarding usually take place at relatively high altitudes, where the sun's UV rays are stronger. Combined, these factors can double your risk of getting sunburned eyes, compared with being outdoors at lower altitudes in the summertime.

3.Television journalist Anderson Cooper experienced snow-free snow blindness first-hand a few years ago when he spent a couple hours on a boat in Portugal without sunglasses and ended up "blind for 36 hours," according to his report of the incident.

Not only can you become snowblind without snow-- it can happen without sunlight, too!4.For example, sun lamps can cause temporary "snow" blindness if proper eye protection is not used.

5.To relieve pain or discomfort from snow blindness, stay indoors and wear sunglasses. Keep your eyes well-moistened with artificial tears. For additional relief, use over-the-counter pain relievers. Be sure to use only pain relievers you know you can take without worry of an allergic reaction. You also may find that placing a cool, dampened washcloth over your closed eyelids is comforting.

A. You don't need snow to become snowblind

B. It will likely affect those traveling in snowy conditions

C. To prevent snow blindness on the slopes, wear sunglasses

D. Sometimes it occurs from man-made sources of ultraviolet radiation

E. .In fact, snow can reflect over 80 percent of the UV rays that fall upon it

F. Snow blindness is scary, but usually it's temporary, and there are ways to relieve the discomfort

G. But water and white sand also are highly reflective of the sun's UV rays, thus increasing the risk

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Goodreads recommends the following books you want to read for the event to come.

1.The Lyrics: 1961-2012

By Bob Dylan

Simon & Schuster,$60

What it's about: This heavy,well-timed publication contains lyrics by the songwriter who just won the Nobel Prize in Literature,from his first album,Bob Dylan,through Tempest.

What's to love: The times may be changing,but Dylan's fans are a constant,traditional devotees who will want this epic collection for their shelves,to sit beside those beloved old large papers.

2.Taylor Swift: This Is Our Song

By Tyler Conroy

Simon & Schuster,$28

What it's about: An elegant fanzine celebrating all things about Taylor Swift,especially the pop star's countless fans. What's to love: Mom and/or Dad,the fan of Taylor Swift,will think you're pretty cool if he or she discovers this temple to Taylor under the Christmas tree (even if it is a book).

3.Misty Copeland

By Gregg Delman

Rizzoli,$39.95

What it's about: Star-figure female ballet dancer Misty Copeland strikes a pose(95,to be exact) in photos taken between 2011 and 2014,in the casual setting of dance studios.

What's to love: Since becoming the first African American woman to be named a principal dancer with the American Ballet Theatre,Copeland has become a cultural phenomenon,and Delman's arresting pictures capture(捕捉)her muscular power and elegance.

4.@ NatGeo: The Most Popular Instagram Photos

By National Geographic

National Geographic,$19.95

What it's about: National Geographic's popular Instagram account(nearly 63 million followers) comes to book form in this title filled with eye-popping images from around the world.

What's to love: Here's proof that NatGeo's talented photographers have conquered social media while maintaining the usual quality of their work.And for fans of more traditional coffee-table-size books,check out National Geographic's Wild,Beautiful Places:Picture-Perfect Journeys Around the Globe ($40).

1.Which author is noted for literature achievements?

A. Bob Dylan. B. Tyler Conroy.

C. Gregg Delman. D. National Geographic.

2.For what event are the books most probably recommended?

A. New Year's Day. B. Christmas Day.

C. One's anniversary. D. Literature awards.

3.How much would a photographer normally spend on his favourite books listed?

A. $39.95. B. $19.95.

C. $59.9. D. $99.9.

4.Which book would a pop star's fan probably buy?

A. The Lyrics: 1961-2012 .

B. Taylor Swift: This Is Our Song.

C. Misty Copeland.

D. @ NatGeo: The Most Popular Instagram Photos.

Finding a good friend can be quite difficult in the contemporary lives of teenagers. I was once baffled by what the definition of a good friend was, until I discovered a single step that, if taken, would make you the greatest friend.

It is willingness. That is all it takes in order to be considered a good friends. Willingness must come from within your heart. Listening to your friends makes them feel important, special and wanted. The will to sacrifice for your friends will also take you a step closer to being a good friend. For instance, as you are about to leave to enjoy your Saturday night, your best friend calls you right when you are stepping out and tells you how terrible he feels, you must be willing to give up your Saturday night and go to your friends house and try to comfort him in anyway that you can.

You must always be willing to give advice to your friends. For example, if your friends are in a situation where they do not know what to do, you must be willing to think things through and try to give them the best advice. The willingness to care is also a big must in being a good friend. You must care about how your friends feel and what they’re experiencing. Caring about your friends is one of the best things you can do, because when your friends are in their time of need and the whole world seems to turn against them, you must be the one to care about them.

Nobody ever said being a good friend was easy. If you want to be a good friend, you have to be willing to listen, sacrifice, give advice and care about your friends.

1.From this passage, we can learn that if a friends is confused about what to do next, we’d better_____ .

A. give up our benefit to help him

B. leave him alone and let him calm down

C. listen to him quietly

D. offer him some reasonable advice

2.The underlined word “baffled” in the first paragraph probably means “     ”.

A. confused B. frustrated

C. curious D. frightened

3.We can learn from the passage that       .

A. being a good friend is so difficult that few people can do it

B. willingness can make a person a good friend

C. friendship always means sacrificing your own interests

D. a person doesn’t need to care about his friends all the time

4.What method does the author use to explain his opinion in the second paragraph?

A. Making a definition. B. Citing an example.

C. Making comparison. D. Listing some numbers.

Have you ever wondered where the chocolate in your favorite candy bar comes from? Choco-

late comes from the cacao tree, which grows in warm, tropical areas of West Africa, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, and South America. And who eats the delicious chocolate made from the cacao grown in these places? The majority of chocolate is consumed in Europe and North America. This probably sounds like a familiar story-developing countries produce inexpensive raw materials that are manufactured and sold as finished goods in developed countries, and generally, that is what happens with chocolate. Large chocolate companies buy cacao beans at a low price and produce cocoa and chocolate products to sell at a relatively high price.

But the familiar story has a new chapter. Beginning in the 1980s, some consumers learned that cacao farmers were living difficult and uncertain lives. The farmers received money for their crops based on world markets, and the market price for cacao was sometimes so low that farmers received less for their crops than the crops had cost to produce. In response, groups of consumers in Europe and the United States developed "fair trade" organizations to guarantee that farmers of cacao, as well as coffee and tea, would receive fair and consistent prices for their crops.

Fair trade organizations benefit farmers by buying cacao beans or other products from them directly at higher-than-market prices and eliminating(消除)“middle men" such as exporters. Fair trade organizations also encourage farming techniques that are not harmful to the environment or to farm workers. for example, growing cacao without chemical pesticides or fertilizers in the shade of rain forest trees.0ne organization, Equal Exchange, helps farmers set up farming cooperatives in which they can share resources and work on projects such as community schools. Another, Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International(FLO),guarantees that products bearing its label meet standards that improve the lives of growers and producers.

The results of fair trade are a better standard of living for some farmers and nicer chocolate bars made with organically produced cocoa that consumers don't feel guilty about buying. And al- though fair trade chocolate is somewhat more expensive than other chocolate and now makes up only 1% of chocolate sold, the fair trade idea is spreading quickly. You may soon see fair trade chocolate right next to the more famous bars in your favorite store.

1.The underlined word“that”in Paragraph l refers to

A. the unfair trade between countries

B. the high price of chocolate products

C. the traditional production of raw materials

D. the major consumption of the finished food

2.The organization Equal Exchange aims to

A. promote chocolate sales

B. offer support to the farmers

C. reduce the cost of growing crops

D. increase the production of chocolate

3.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

A. There will be more fair trade chocolate ill the future.

B. Fair trade chocolate is not as tasty as other chocolate.

C. Consumers feel guilty about buying fair trade chocolate.

D. There is probably no reason to worry about cacao farmers.

4.The passage mainly talks about

A. giving tips on how to undertake fair chocolate trade

B. advising people to join in Fair trade organizations

C. encouraging farmers to adopt organic farming

D. informing people of fair trade chocolate

Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk, I went to a friend. He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bold and brave — and mighty forces will come to your aid.

Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all. On the other hand, whenever I had plunged into deep water, forced by courage or circumstance, I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.

Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you can eat. And there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces. They are potential powers we possess: energy, skill, sound judgment, creative ideas — even physical strength greater than most of us realize.

Admittedly, those mighty forces are spiritual ones. But they are more important than physical ones. A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much less than the average player. “In one game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player, who had nothing but me between him and our goal line,” said Tim. “I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet — and stopped him cold.”

Boldness — a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme—is not one that can be acquired overnight. But it can be taught to children and developed in adults. Confidence builds up. Surely, there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life; boldness in itself is no guarantee of success. But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds.

So, always try to live a little bit beyond your abilities—and you’ll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.

1.Why was the author sometimes unable to reach his goal in the past?

A. He faced huge risks.

B. He lacked mighty forces.

C. Fear prevented him from trying.

D. Failure blocked his way to success.

2.What is the implied meaning of the underlined part?

A. Swallow more than you can digest.

B. Act slightly above your abilities.

C. Develop more mysterious powers.

D. Learn to make creative decisions.

3.What can be learned from Paragraph 5?

A. Confidence grows more rapidly in adults.

B. Trying without success is meaningless.

C. Repeated failure creates a better life.

D. Boldness can be gained little by little.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

A. To encourage people to be courageous.

B. To advise people to build up physical power.

C. To tell people the ways to guarantee success.

D. To recommend people to develop more abilities.

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