Question

【题目】 On my fourth day in a self-driving car, I finally felt comfortable enough to let it stop itself. Before then, I'd allowed the car-a Volvo S90 sedan-to control the direction, with my hands still on the wheel, and to adjust speed in traffic. By Day 4, I was ready to make a jump into the future.

With the car traveling on a busy road, I activated the driverless mode. Soon, a traffic light turned red. For a split second, I prepared to get on the brakes. There was no need. The cameras and computers in the Volvo recognized the traffic conditions and smoothly began applying the brake.

If you're anything like most people, you're familiar with this anxiety. Almost 80 percent of Americans fear traveling in a self-driving car, a recent survey found.

Researchers at the University of Chicago have conducted some clever experiments studying the phenomenon. They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer. So it is with driving. More than 37,000 Americans died in crashes last year, most from human error. The death count from cars goes beyond that from guns. So if you are shocked and angry by guns and want things to change, you should feel the same about car crashes.

Technology creates an opportunity to save lives. Computers don't get drunk or distracted by text messages, and they don't have blind spots. Just look at commercial airlines: Automation has helped all but get rid of deadly crashes among American air carriers. The last one happened in 2009.

The technology for self-driving cars still isn't good enough. But it is improving rapidly. Within a few years, many cars will have advanced crash-avoidance systems and driving will be revolutionized sooner than many people now understand.

【1】How does the author introduce the topic?

A.By offering a piece of news.B.By giving background information.

C.By describing an experience.D.By introducing a latest car.

【2】What can be learnt about the participants of the experiments?

A.They tended to accept the computer's faults.

B.They seemed to care little about their own mistakes.

C.They felt less confident after making mistakes.

D.They performed better than computer systems.

【3】The author mentioned commercial airlines___________.

A.to prove the advantage of technologyB.to assess the security of driverless cars

C.to find fault with computersD.to advertise for the commercial airlines

【4】What does the author expect of the self-driving car?

A.I'll avoid deadly crashes entirely.B.It'll occupy the market in a short time.

C.It'll be bettered in every possible way.D.It'll be popularized sooner than expected.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章中作者先是通过自己驾驶自动汽车的经历来说明了最近的一项调查发现，近80%的美国人害怕乘坐自动驾驶汽车。而芝加哥大学的研究人员进行了一些巧妙的实验来研究这一现象，结果发现电脑出了错误后，人们就不愿再用它了。当人们犯了错误之后，他们的自信并不会改变。文章还说明了电脑技术的优势以及作者对自动驾驶汽车的期待。

【1】推理判断题。根据文章前三段主要描述了作者第四天驾驶自动驾驶汽车时的经过，在路上，交通灯变红了刹那间，作者准备踩刹车，这是没有必要的，沃尔沃车上的摄像头和电脑识别出了交通状况，并开始平稳地刹车。结合第三段中Almost 80 percent of Americans fear traveling in a self-driving car, a recent survey found.可知最近的一项调查发现，近80%的美国人害怕乘坐自动驾驶汽车。第四段中则开始论述文章的主题。由此可推知，作者通过描述一个自身经历来引入主题。故选C。

【2】推理判断题。根据第四段中They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer.可知他们要求参与者完成任务，并将他们的表现与电脑系统进行比较。电脑出了错误后，人们就不愿再用它了。当人们犯了错误之后，他们的自信不会改变。人类犯的错误比计算机多并不重要。由此可推知，实验参与者似乎对自己的错误毫不在意。故选B。

【3】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Technology creates an opportunity to save lives. Computers don't get drunk or distracted by text messages, and they don't have blind spots.Just look at commercial airlines: Automation has helped all but get rid of deadly crashes among American air carriers.可知技术创造了拯救生命的机会。电脑不会喝醉或被短信分心，也没有盲点。看看商业航空公司:自动化几乎帮助所有美国航空公司摆脱了致命的坠机事故.由此可推知，作者提到商业航空公司是为了证明技术的优势。故选A。

【4】推理判断题。根据最后一段中The technology for self-driving cars still isn't good enough. But it is improving rapidly. Within a few years, many cars will have advanced crash-avoidance systems and driving will be revolutionized sooner than many people now understand.可知自动驾驶汽车的技术还不够好。但它正在迅速改善。几年之内，许多汽车将拥有先进的防撞系统，驾驶技术将比现在人们所了解的更快地发生革命性变化。由此可推知，作者对自动驾驶汽车的期望是它会比预期更早地普及。故选D。

推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们应严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气等，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。以本文第二题为例，根据第四段中They asked participants to complete tasks and compare their performance with a computer system's. After the computer made a mistake, people were unwilling to use it again. After the people made mistakes, their self-confidence wouldn't change. It didn't matter that the human beings made more mistakes than the computer.可知他们要求参与者完成任务，并将他们的表现与电脑系统进行比较。电脑出了错误后，人们就不愿再用它了。当人们犯了错误之后，他们的自信不会改变。人类犯的错误比计算机多并不重要。由此可推知，实验参与者似乎对自己的错误毫不在意。故选B。