题目内容

13.Different Cultures
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot.(71)E
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries:China and India.Both of the two cultures are fostered by rivers-the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India.(72)F
Then in Tang Dynasty of China,the Chinese culture gradually went overseas to Japan,mixed into the Japanese society and shaped the Japanese culture nowadays.Though a bit different from the Chinese one,it belongs to the same system.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture,another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain-the Mesopotamian Civilization.This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.(73)C Like the Chinese culture,the European one also crossed waters.When the British settled down in America,their culture went with them over the Atlantic Ocean.So the American culture doesn't distinguish from the European one a lot.
(74)D Take the language system for example.In the East,most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system.Other causes like human race difference counts as well.But what's more,due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West,the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries.So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干扰) from the other.
The differences are everywhere.(75)G But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful.The cultural gap should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being.It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.

A.Let us work together to keep a variety of culture.
B.One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
C.And these two are well-known as the base of the European culture.
D.At the same time,some other differences add to the cultural differences.
E.This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
F.They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G.They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.

分析 本文是一篇历史文化方面的说明文.文章主要介绍东西方文化的起源、发展和它们之间的差异性.

解答 71.E.前文说"The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot"东西方差异较大,下文也是东西方的差异,则推测此空可以介绍东西方差异的原因,再引出下文.故选E.
72.F.从后文看,下文都是与两种不同的文化体系有关,说明这是造就文化差异总的原因.有原因就会有发展,中国和印度也帮助发展这两种文化.故选F.
73.C.前文讲到"Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome"古罗马和古希腊文化,后文又提到欧洲的一些风俗,可推测空白处起承接作用.通读选项,C项提到欧洲文化.故选.C.
74.D.本空放在段落开头起着总结作用.由下文可知,该段主要说明语言由于距离,地势等原因形成了差异.通读选项,D项提到一些其它方面的原因造成了文化差异.故选D.
75.G.前文提到"The differences are everywhere"不同到处存在.而后又用"but"转折,说不同文化也使世界丰富多彩.可见空白处与前一句意义相符,或者承接前一句来论述这种不同.G项中提到,它们影响着人们的思维和对世界的看法,"they"应该指的就是前一句所说的不同.故选G.

点评 本文是考察学生历史文化类阅读理解文章.这类文章常涉及历史、文化、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、等等.这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上.

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3.请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词.
注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上.每个空格只填一个单词.
When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?
Why Difficult?
When we wrong someone we know,even not intentionally,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstances are different.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony-while an apology that is too little,too late,or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.What,then,is to be done?How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?
Why Now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture-apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies.More articles,cartoons,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.
Why Bother?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often or lightly.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a good,strong reason.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why Refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize,even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.Leaders may also be afraid that admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk strategy.
8.此题要求改正所给短文中错误.对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一个"√";如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:
    该行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉.
    该行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词.
    该行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线.在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词.
    注意:原行没有错的不要改.
    In my hometown there used to have a temple with a history           66.have→be
of over eight hundred years.It lies in a valley with green hills         67.lies→lay
around it.It was such beautiful and famous that many                      68.such→so
tourists came to visit to it every day.They took                                69.去掉第二个to
photo; they wrote down their names on the walls;                         70.photo→photos
they brought foods,drinks and left rubbish everywhere.                 71.√
One day some tourists burnt a fire to cook food near the temple.      72.burnt→made/lit
All of a sudden,strong wind blew.The wooden temple                     73.strong 前加a
was caught fire.Soon the whole temple was burned out                     74.去掉第一个was
but only a few walls remained.The beautiful temple disappeared.    75.but→and.
7.San Francisco has its cable cars.Seattle has its Space Needle.And,Longview has its squirrel bridge.The bridge,which has attracted international attention,is now a local landmark.
The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in 1963 by a local builder,Amos Peters,to give squirrels a way to cross the busy road without getting flattened by passing cars.
The original bridge was built over Olympia Way on the west edge of the library grounds.Before the bridge was built,squirrels had to avoid traffic to and from the Park Plaza office building where office staff put out a nutty feast for the squirrels.Many times,Peters and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.
One day Peters found a dead squirrel with a nut still in its mouth,and that day's coffee break discussion turned into squirrel safety.The group of businessmen cooked up the squirrel bridge idea and formed a committee to ask the blessing of the City Council(市政会).The Council approved,and Councilwoman Bess LaRiviere named the bridge"Nutty Narrows."
After architects designed the bridge,Amos Peters and Bill Hutch started Construction,They built the 60-foot bridge from aluminum and lengths of fire hose(消防水带).It cost 1,000.
It didn't take long before reports of squirrels using the bridge started.Squirrels were even seen guiding their young and teaching them the ropes.The story was picked up by the media,and Nutty Narrows became know in newspapers all over the world.
In 1983,after 20 years of use,Peters took down the worn-out bridge.Repairs were made and crosspieces were replaced.The faded sign was repainted and in July 1983,hundreds of animal lovers attended the completion ceremony of the new bridge.
Peters died in 1984,and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture was placed near the bridge in memory of its builder and his devotion to the project.

67.The Nutty Narrows Bridge was built in order toD.
A.offer squirrels a place to eat nuts
B.set up a local landmark
C.help improve traffic
D.protect squirrels
68.What happened over the coffee break discussion?B
A.The committee got the Council's blessing.
B.The squirrel bridge idea was born
C.A councilwoman named the bridge
D.A squirrel was found dead.
69.What does the underlined phrase"teaching them the ropes"probably means in the text?D
A.passing them a rope                         
B.Directing them to store food for winter
C.Teaching them a lesson                     
D.Showing them how to use the bridge.
70.Which of the following is true of the squirrel bridge?C
A.It was replaced by a longer one.
B.It was built from wood and metal
C.it was rebuilt after years of use        
D.It was designed by Bill Hutch.
71.What can we learn about Amos Peters?A
A.He is remembered for his love of animals.
B.He donated $1,000 to build the bridge
C.He was a member of the City Council
D.He was awarded a medal for building the bridge.

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