题目内容

E­reading and e­books are slowly conquering the world.Compared to traditional paper books，e­books in some schools and universities attract more interest because the information flow seems much easier to manage and comes in a greatly higher quantity.

Japan is known for the reform­minded attitude towards the gadget(精巧装置) world and for the fact that it is one of the first countries that encouraged in the educational system the emailing of homework.

The digital textbook looks like the logical step in the world of learning.It is natural but it is also completely untraditional.

The plan of the largest publishing companies to get in line with the trend is to save a large quantity of paper and make the kids become interested in learning using a cool gadget.Many USA universities and colleges have made students be used to the procedure of downloading the courses and of course the procedure involves interactive software and also the chance of using the computer.

The traditional education system is still unwilling when it comes to giving up books.The standard approach of information taught out of a book and Shakespeare read out of an old school novel makes studying English as traditional as it can be.

In a world where kids would rather see the movie than read a book，the digital age has brought along a completely different flavor to reading.Bringing that flavor in school will make teaching a greener and also a completely different matter.

1.Why are e­books so popular in the world?

A．It's cheap to buy.

B．It's effective to use.

C．It's convenient to bring.

D．It's the latest fashion.

2.Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “reform­minded” in the second paragraph?

A．Old­fashioned. B．Aggressive.

C．Rejecting. D．Progressive.

3.In America，the students are encouraged to________．

A．apply the procedure of downloading the courses

B．communicate with their teachers using computer

C．research some interactive software for their studies

D．do their homework in computer instead of in paper

4.What's the author's attitude to the digital textbooks?

A．Being against. B．Being for.

C．Not mentioned. D．Being neutral.

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D Before I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred．While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke．When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be．

I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their hearts out．The main reason those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly．The joke wasn’t only funny, it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians．That is, people were laughing both because of the funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got．

The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it．For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren’t jealous of him．

In short, we don’t laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke．I strongly discourage making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh．All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person’s emotions, he will certainly like it a lot．

1. What did the author find out after studying psychology?

A．Only good jokes make people laugh

B．Many factors lead to people laughing．

C．Funny things can make people laugh

D．Laughter can make people healthy．

2.Why did the audience laugh loud at the pedestrians?

A．They played a trick on the pedestrians．

B．The pedestrians behaved in a funny way．

C．They could feel the pedestrians’ happiness．

D．Their emotion was approved of by the show．

3.What does the underlined word “belittling” probably mean?

A．Annoy

B．Blame

C．Look down on

D．Make up to

4.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

A．

B．

C．

D．

For decades，the San Francisco Bay area has been the heart of the computer technology industry．Many of the biggest technology companies have their headquarters in the area called Silicon Valley．But the area has not always been associated with charity(慈善)．

Now，a new generation of entrepreneurs(企业家)appears to be changing Silicon Valley．One example is Marc Benioff，a donor(捐赠者)，who has called on wealthy donors to give more to their communities．He also is the founder of Salesforce．com，a computer services company in San Francisco who has helped build a children’s hospital and given millions of dollars to non-profit organizations in the city．

Money from the technology industry has also started to change the face of charity．Benjamin Soskis writes about the history and ideas behind charity in America．His articles have appeared in The Atlantic magazine and a number of major publications．He says，traditionally，donors have given after they spent much of their lives building up wealth．Usually donors are in their 70s．But an increasing number of people appearing on the list of top donors are younger than 40 years of age．Benjamin Soskis says that is something new．“There’s a whole new model that’s appearing in which people give and accumulate at the same time．”

Some of the young donors on this year's top 50 list have started to change in the way people see charity．That is especially the case in the San Francisco area，where giving money and making money appear to be coming together．“I think it's fair to say that charity is now a part of the Silicon Valley identity．”

1.What is true of Marc Benioff?

A．He joined a non-profit organization．

B．He advised donors to build hospitals．

C．He made San Francisco a city of charity．

D．He set up the company of Salesforce．com．

2.What is special about the donors of Silicon Valley?

A．They prefer to give rather than make money．

B．They give after accumulating a lot of wealth．

C．They are much younger than the usual donors．

D．They donate more money to their communities．

3.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．The age of charity

B．The changing faces of charity

C．In search of new faces

D．From computer base to charity centre

This is a very interesting book． I’ll buy it, _____．

A．how much may it cost

B．no matter how it may cost

C．however much it may cost

D．whatever may it cost

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假如你是李明，最近，你的朋友张华因考试不利，情绪低落，学习消极应付。请你用英语给他写一封e­mail，指出其消极行为可能带来的不良后果，并结合自身实际，提出应采取的积极态度和应对方法，鼓励他努力学习。

词数：100左右。

Dear Zhang Hua，

I'm sorry to hear that

Yours truly，

Li Ming

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The emotional bond a child secures with its parents has a greater impact on its education than previously thought, a report suggests. The Sutton Trust study says children’s early attachment to parents has far-reaching consequences for their ability to speak, learn and think. Parents who are insecure themselves find it harder to provide children with security, it says. And the report calls for more help so parents can develop such crucial bonds. The study focuses on the application of the theory of attachment—a key theory in child developement and psychology. This says the degree to which children are secure and resilient as they grow up depends on their own early experiences with their mothers and fathers and how they have bonded.

The report from the Sutton Trust education charity, entitled Baby Bonds, makes the case that it has an important impact on children’s future educational chances as well as their emotional well-being. It is based on an analysis of more than 100 studies on the issue, including home visits and assessments and observations of children in a range of countries. The trust argues that although psychologists have been aware of attachment theory, it has not been seen by policy makers as a key influence on educational attainment. And it asks them to take this into account. The report says when babies and toddlers do not form these strong parental bonds—known as secure attachment—they are more likely to exhibit poor language and poor behavior before they reach school.

And it cites international studies which suggest this continues late into life, with insecure children more likely to leave school early or duck out of employment or training. They are also more likely to suffer from aggression, defiance and hyperactivity later in life.

The Sutton Trust says its analysis of the research suggests that about 40% of children in the UK lack a secure attachment with their parents. Lead author Sophie Moullin said that when her team looked at large scale representative studies in a number of countries they all found, from their observations, that between 38% and 42% of children suffered from poor attachment in all the different study locations. She added: “Secure attachment really helps children with emotional and social development and at school it really helps them to manage their behavior. Shouting, looking out of the window, hitting each other…These are the things that teachers will tell you that are stopping children from learning. It’s really only as we understand more about these behavior problems that we have decided that a lot of it goes back to this early bonding with parents. ”

Research director at the trust Conor Ryan said: “Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to more social mobility, as there is such a clear link to education, behavior and future employment. The educational divide emerges early in life, with a 19—month school readiness gap between the most and least advantaged children by the age of five.

This report clearly identifies the fundamental role secure attachment could have in narrowing that school readiness gap and improving children’s life chances. “More support from health visitors, children’s centers together with local authorities in helping parents improve how they bond with young children could play a role in narrowing the education gap. ”

The Sutton Trust study

Introduction

The study reveals children’s early attachment to parents 1._______ affects their ability to speak, learn and think.

Method of the study

Researchers2._______ more than 100 case studies on the issue through visiting homes, assessing children and 3.________children.

Statistics of the study

·In the UK, only about 60% of children have a secure attachment with their parents.

·In other countries where the studies were carried out, the numbers are quite4.________.

Negative effects of insecure 5._______

·A6.________ of secure parental bonding may lead to poor language and behavior for preschool children.

At the age of five, the7._______ school readiness gap between children can be 19 months.

·Without secure attachment, future life difficulties such as quitting school, 8._________ from work and other emotional issues would emerge.

The significance of parental attachment

Better bonding between parents and babies could lead to a change in people’s social 9.________ because it narrows children’s school readiness gap and it improves children’s life chances.

Suggestion

A10._____ effort is needed for strong parent-child bonding.

If Kate had known what was _______ for her, she would not have married Tom.

A. in response B. in return

C. in reaction D. in store

Here’s one number to keep in mind during your next cell phone conversation: 50. A new experiment shows that spending 50 minutes with an active phone pressed up to the ear increases activity in the brain. This brain activity probably doesn't make you smarter. When cell phones are on, they emit (发出) energy in the form of radiation that could be harmful, especially after years of cell phone usage. Scientists don't know yet whether cell phones are bad for the brain. Studies like this one are attempting to find it out.

The 47 participants in the experiment may have looked a little strange. Each one had two Samsung cell phones attached to his or her head — one on each ear. The phone on the left ear was off. The phone on the right ear played a message for 50 minutes, but the participants couldn't hear it because the sound was off.

With this set-up, the scientists could be sure they were studying brain activity from the phone itself, and not brain activity due to listening and talking during a conversation. After 50 minutes with two phones strapped to their heads, the participants were given PET scans.

The PET scan showed that the left side (the side with the phone turned off) of each participant's brain hadn't changed during the experiment. The right side of the brain, however, had used more glucose, which is a type of sugar that provides fuel to brain cells. These right-side brain cells were using almost as much glucose as the brain uses when a person is talking. This suggests that the brain cells there were active ― even without the person hearing anything. That activity, the scientists say, was probably caused by radiation from the phone.

Henry Lai, who works at the University of Washington in Seattle, is uncomfortable with the data related to cell phones. Holding a cell phone to your ear during a conversation is “not really safe,” Lai told Science News. Lai is a bioengineer at the University of Washington in Seattle. He wrote an article about the new study for a journal, but he did not work on the study. Bioengineers bring together ideas from engineering and biology.

For those who don't want to wait to find out for sure whether cell phones are bad for the brain, there are ways to talk more safely. You can have short and sweet conversations, use a speakerphone or keep the phone away from your head.

1. Which of the following statement is true?

A. Scientists are sure that cell phones are bad for the brain.

B. In the experiment, the left side of the brain used more glucose.

C. Radiation from the phone probably causes the change in the brain.

D. Henry Lai wrote a lot of articles about this new study.

2. Why weren’t the participants allowed to have a conversation on the phone during the experiment?

A. Because the scientists want to be sure of the accuracy of the experiment.

B. Because they really looked strange and no one wanted to talk to others.

C. Because they were given PET scans and they lost the ability to talk.

D. Because that would be too noisy and bad for the experiment.

3.What is glucose?

A. A type of sugar that provides vitamin to brain cells.

B. Something that the right side of the brain used.

C. A type of sugar that gives energy to brain cells.

D. Something that makes a human excited.

4. According to the last two paragraphs, which is the safest way to use a cell phone?

A. Holding the cell phone close to your head.

B. Using a cell phone more than three hours a day.

C. Taking the most powerful cell phone.

D. Keeping the cell phone at a distance.

5. Where is this article probably taken from?

A. Literature magazine. B. Science News.

C. Story books. D. Art Journal.

When Jeff Sparkman draws his cartoon superheroes with colored pencils, he often has to ask other people to tell him what color his masked men turned out to be because he's color-blind. Now, a new smart phone application (app) can help him figure out what colors he's using and how the picture looks to most everyone else.

The DanKam app, available for iPhone and Android for $2.99, is an application that turns the vague colors that one percent of the population with color-blindness sees into the "true" colors as everyone else sees them. In America, an estimated 32 million color-blind Americans---95% are males---can soon have their life improved.

"DanKam takes the stream of data coming in through the phone's camera and changes the colors slightly so they fall within the range that people who are color-blind see," developer Dan Kaminsky told CNET. He came up with the idea after watching the 2009 film Star Trek with a color-blind friend.

It was then that he got to know more about colorblindness like its varying types and degrees. A vast majority, for instance, have trouble seeing red or green due to a genetic defect(遗传缺陷). Blue-yellow colorblindness, however, is rarer and develops later in life because of aging, illness or head injuries, etc. He started experimenting with one of the most common representations of points in the RGB color model. What the DanKam app attempts to do is to clean up the color space of the image or video signal so that colors can be visible to those suffering from viewing problems. “You can adjust the app to fit your needs. There is a range and not everyone who is color-blind sees things the same.” Says Kaminsky.

Sparkman, a copy editor at CNET, tried out the app and was pleased with the results. "It would be useful for dressing for a job interview," he said. But using it for his art is “the most practical application." It worked well on LED and other lights on electronic gadgets, which means Sparkman can now identify the power light on his computer display as green.

1.According to the first two paragraphs, we can know that DanKam ___________.

A. appeared in the movie Star Trek

B. can turn vague colors into real ones

C. is a phone used to help drawing pictures

D. is designed to help people with colorblindness

2.How does DanKam’s app work?

A. It puts LED and other lights on electronic gadgets.

B. It changes the colors so that color-blind people can see them.

C. It checks color-blind people’s types of degrees of colorblindness.

D. It shows common representations of points in the RGB color model

3.It can be inferred from the passage that colorblindness __________.

A. cannot be cured by any methods

B. is more commonly seen in women

C. is not necessarily inborn disease

D. makes people unable to tell any colors

4.Which of the following is NOT included in the things that DanKam helps Sparkman with?

A. Choosing clothes.

B. Drawing his pictures.

C. Playing computer games

D. Handling electronic gadgets.

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