题目内容

4.Nowadays many people are concerned about the problem of what to do with electronic waste such as old televisions,computers,radios,cellular telephones and other electronic equipment.
Electronic trash,or e-waste,is piling up faster than ever in American homes and businesses.People do not know what to do with old televisions or computers so they throw them in the trash.
National Solid Waste Management Association (NSWMA) state programs director Chaz Miller says the large amount of electronic waste Americans product is not unexpected.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates more than 400million consumer electronic items are dumped each year,and there is a push by more states to ban the waste from landfills (垃圾填埋场) and create recycling programs.They can be torn apart and sorted for useable parts.Mike Fannon who runs the plant in Baltimore says,"There are lots of valuable metals that can be recovered and reused instead of just putting them in the landfill,and in certain components there are some materials that should not really be in the landfill."
Fannon says nearly 20percent of electronic waste is recycled nationwide.Thirteen years ago,it was only about 6percent.Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in order to keep e-waste poisons like lead (铅) and mercury (汞) out of garbage dumps.
This year several states like Vermont imposed a ban on electronic waste in landfills.More than 25other states have also adopted bans on e-waste in landfills.Chaz Miller says more can be done to boost electronic waste recycling.
"We can do much better,"noted Miller."I think clearly our goal should be to do as well as we do recycling newspapers."

32.Which of the following does NOT belong to e-waste?D
A.Old televisions.
B.Old computers.
C.Old cell phones.
D.Old newspapers.
33.Why is e-waste banned from landfills in many states?C
A.Because it can not be recycled.
B.Because the landfills are already full.
C.Because it might damage the environment.
D.Because it can be shipped to other countries.
34.According to Mike Fannon,what might be the best way of dealing with e-waste?A
A.Recycling it.
B.Selling it.
C.Burying it.
D.Breaking it.
35.What can we learn from the passage?B
A.Chaz Miller works for EPA.
B.Miller is optimistic about the future of e-waste.
C.At present,less than 10percent of e-waste is recycled.
D.All states in the US have banned e-waste from landfills.

分析 本文是一篇关于健康环保的新闻报道类文章.该文章主要介绍了西方国家的电子废物处理方式,并告诉读者回收利用是处理电子废物的最佳方法,否则会对环境造成巨大的危害.

解答 32.D 细节理解题.根据第一段Nowadays many people are concerned about the problem of what to do with electronic waste such as old televisions,computers,radios,cellular telephones and other electronic equipment.可知旧报纸不属于电子废物,故选D.
33.C 推理判断题.根据第五段Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in order to keep e-waste poisons like lead (铅) and mercury (汞) out of garbage dumps.可知废旧电子产品会对环境造成巨大的危害,故选C.
34.A 细节理解题.根据第五段Recycling rates continue to rise as more communities have banned electronics from landfills in order to keep e-waste poisons like lead (铅) and mercury (汞) out of garbage dumps.可知回收利用才是处理电子废物的最佳方法,故选A.
35.B 推理判断题.根据最后一段We can do much better,"noted Miller."I think clearly our goal should be to do as well as we do recycling newspapers.可知Miller对电子废物的处理是乐观的态度,故选B.

点评 本文考察学生的理解推断能力以及细心程度,只要抓住文章的关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节,就能找到正确答案.

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8.Cowboy or spaceman?A dilemma for a children's party,perhaps.But also a question for economists,argued Kenneth Boulding,a British economist,in an essay published in 1966.We have run our economies,he warned,like cowboys on the open grassland:taking and using the world's resources,confident that more lies over the horizon.But the Earth is less a grassland than a spaceship-a closed system,alone in space,carrying limited supplies.We need,said Boulding,an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental limits.In the half century since his essay,a new movement has responded to his challenge."Ecological economists",as they call themselves,want to revolutionise its aims and assumptions.What do they say-and will their ideas achieve lift-off?
To its advocators,ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics,but a mix of both.Their starting point is to recognise that the human economy is part of the natural world.Our environment,they note,is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes.But it is ignored in conventional textbooks,where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms,households and the government as though nature did not exist.That is a mistake,say ecological economists.
There are two ways our economies can grow,ecological economists point out:through technological change,or through more intensive use of resources.Only the former,they say,is worth having.They are suspicious of GDP,a crude measure which does not take account of resource exhaustion,unpaid work,and countless other factors.In its place they advocate more holistic(全面的) approaches,such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI),a composite index(复合指标) that includes things like the cost of pollution,deforestation and car accidents.While GDP has kept growing,global GPI per person peaked in 1978:by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer,not richer.The solution,says Herman Daly,a former World Bank economist and eco-guru,is a"steady-state"economy,where the use of materials and energy is held constant.
Mainstream economists are unimpressed.The GPI,they point out,is a subjective measure.And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus,a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted,wrongly,that overpopulation would lead to famine.Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems.But ecological economists warn against self-satisfaction.In 2009 a paper in Nature,a scientific journal,argued that human activity is already overstepping safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity(生物多样性) and climate change.That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important questions,even if their answers turn out to be wrong.
 
73.Why does Boulding compare the way economy is run with cowboy and spaceship?D
A.To advocate the importance of space programs.
B.To applaud the appearance of ecological economists.
C.To arouse people's interest in cowboys'adventures on grassland.
D.To awaken people to the need of sustainable development of economy.
74.What does the underlined word"challenge"in paragraph 1 refer to?B
A.Sending a cowboy into space through a spaceship.
B.Establishing an economics taking environmental limits into account.
C.Revolutionizing the ecological economists'aims and assumptions.
D.Enabling ecological economists to make their ideas achieve lift-offs.
75.Ecological economists will disagree thatA.
A.economies are worth growing through intensive use of resources
B.economics should attach importance to the idea of environmental limits
C.ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics
D.the human economy is part of the natural world
76.According to the passage,which of the following about GPI is true?C
A.It keeps growing although the peak appeared in the year 1978.
B.Mainstream economists regard it as a holistic and objective approach.
C.Ecological economists believe it is a better indicator of economy than GDP.
D.It fails to take the factors such as deforestation and car accidents into consideration.
77.We can infer from the last paragraph that the mainstream economists'attitude toward ecological economics isA.
A.doubtful        B.sensitive          C.optimistic        D.over-concerned.
12.For years,there has been a bias (偏见) against science among clinical psychologists (临床心理学家).In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science,psychologists led by Timothy B.Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to"provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness"and"give more weight to their personal experiences than to science."As a result,patients have no guarantee that their"treatment will be informed by …science."Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment."The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,"he told me,and"there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science."
The"widening"reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (确认) the most effective treatments.Thanks to strict clinical trials,we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new,healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression,panic disorder and other problems,with multiple trials showing that these treatments-the tools of psychology-bring more lasting benefits than drugs.
You wouldn't know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist.Although many treatments are effective,relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.
Why in the world not?For one thing,says Baker,clinical psychologists are"very doubtful about the role of science"and"lack solid science training".Also,one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have,"and psychologists remember these successes,believing,wrongly,that they are the result of the treatment."
When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science,clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works.A 2008study of 591psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues'experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient.If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine,warns Mischel,psychology will"discredit (损伤名誉)itself."
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12WORDS)

78.Clinical psychologists can't explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they rely ontheir personal experience.
79.What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?The great progress in psychological research
80.According to Baker,what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practicing effective treatment?Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training
81.To avoid discrediting psychology,clinical psychologists need tosupport their treatment with science.
19.Once upon a time,staying a healthy weight was easy.To lose weight you simply had to practise the reverse of home economics--spend more than you earned.Unfortunately for many,but perhaps not surprisingly,it turns out that people are rather more complicated than bank accounts.
To stay a healthy weight,you need a hormone(荷尔蒙)called lepton to work properly.It sends"I'm full"messages from the fat cells up to the brain,where they go,among other places,to the same pleasure centers that respond to drugs like cocaine.Fat people produce plenty of lepton,but the brain doesn.t seem to respond to it properly.Last year researchers at the Oregon Research Institute scanned the brains of overweight people and found their reward circuit(线路) were underactive.They were eating more to try to get the enjoyment they were missing.
There's a lot of evidence for the fact that most,if not all,of us have a set point around which our weight can vary by about seven to nine kilos,but anything beyond that is a real struggle.Making changes is hard,particularly if your body is working against you.So why not reject the traditional approaches and try some new method,based on the latest research,that work with your body rather than against it.
Several years ago researchers at the National Institute on Aging in Baltimore reported that when they gave rats very little food one day and allowed them to eat plenty the next,they showed virtually all the benefits of a permanent calorie restriction diet.The same goes for humans,according to Dr.James Johnson.
How does it work?Besides forcing the body to burn fat,it may also cause hormonal changes.Most people say that the diet takes a bit of getting used to,but is not as grinding as trying to cut back on an everyday basis.
Older dieters may remember something called brown fat.Unlike the undesirable white stuff; this was a dieter's dream.Instead of storing excess energy as fat,brown-fat tissue burned it off to keep you warm-at least in mice.Brown fat fell out of favor because researchers couldn't find much in humans but now,thanks to the New England journal of Medicine,it's back in fashion.The idea is to expose people to cold temperatures.They then make more brown fat and their weight drops.

74.According to the findings of the Oregon Research Institute,A
A.Overweight people get less pleasure from eating the same amount.
B.Overweight people enjoy eating more than the others do
C.People will become overweight if they eat more than they need
D.People are more likely to be overweight if they produce less leptin
75.The method used by the National Institute On Aging can be summarized as"C"
A.No diet at all                       B.Diet on a daily basis
C.Diet every other day                 D.Diet permanently
76.The word"grinding"in the paragraph 5is closest in meaning toD
A.Effective     B.Realistic       C.Unreliable       D.Miserable
77.What is the passage mainly about?B
A.Comparing the various ways of cutting calories
B.Recommending new methods of losing weight
C.Pointing out the misconceptions of losing weight
D.Clarifying the common myth about weight loss.
9.As the pace of life continues to increase,we are fast losing the art of relaxation.Once you are in the habit of rushing through life,being on the go from morning till night,it is hard to slow down.But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.In fact,it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be.A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life.It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand (经得起) depends very much on the individual.Some people are not afraid of stress,and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities.Others lose heart at the first sight of unusual difficulties.When exposed to stress,in whatever form,we react both chemically and physically.In fact we make a choice between"fight"or"flight"and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death.The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme,but however little the stress,it involves the same response.It is when such a reaction lasts long,through continued exposure to stress,that health becomes endangered.Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.Since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could),we need to find ways to deal with it.

31.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves becauseA.
A.they are becoming busier with their work
B.they do not believe that relaxation is important for health
C.they are traveling fast all the time
D.they do not know how to enjoy themselves
32.According to the writer,the most important character for a good manager is hisD.
A.having control over performance      
B.knowing the art of relaxation
C.high sense of responsibility          
D.not fearing stress
33.Which of the following statements is true?B
A.We can find some ways to avoid stress.
B.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress.
C.It is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.
D.Stress is always harmful to people.
34.In Paragraph 3,"such a reaction"refers back toC.
A.making a choice between‘flight'or‘fight'
B.responding to crises quickly
C.reaction to stress both chemically and physically
D.losing heart at the sight of difficulties
35.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so"refers toD.
A.expose ourselves to stress
B.find ways to deal with stress
C.established links between diseases and stress
D.remove stress from our lives.
16.Danish scientists studied more than 1,000healthy joggers and non-joggers over a 12-year period.Those who jogged at a steady pace for less than two and a half hours a week were least likely to die in this time.But those who ran more than four hours a week or did no exercise had the highest death rates.
Analysing questionnaires filled out by all the people in the study,scientists concluded the ideal pace was about 8km/h and that it was best to jog no more than three times a week or for 2.5hours in total.People who jogged more closely-particularly those who jogged more than three times a week or at a pace of more than11km/h-were as likely to die as those who did no exercise.
Researcher Jacob Louis Marott,from the Frederiksberg Hospital in Copenhagen,said:"You don't actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health."
"And perhaps you shouldn't actually do too much.No exercise recommendations across the world mention an upper limit for safe exercise,but perhaps there is one."
Scientists are not yet sure what is behind this trend-but they say changes to the heart during extreme exercise could contribute.In their report,they suggest:"Long-term strenuous exercise may change pathological (病理的) structure of the heart and arteries (动脉)."
Maureen Talbot,senior cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation,said:"This study shows that you don't have to run marathons to keep your heart healthy."
"Light and moderate jogging was found to be more beneficial than being inactive or undertaking strenuous jogging,possibly adding years to your life."
"National guidelines recommend we do 140minutes of moderate-intensity activity a week."
"If it may sound like a lot for you,brisk walking (快走) is also a good exercise.And if you're bit of a couch potato,this is a good place to start.

61.From paragraph one,we could knowC.
A.the study took 10years
B.more than 1000joggers took part in the study
C.people with no exercise had the highest death rates
D.joggers and non-joggers are likely to die
62.How should we jog properly from the study?A
A.Jog at a pace of about 8km/h no more than three times a week.
B.Jog at a pace of about 11km/h for 2.5hours in total in a week.
C.Jog at a pace of about 11km/h more than three times a week.
D.Jog at a pace of about 8km/h for 2.5hours a day.
63.The underlined word"strenuous"meansB.
A.light           
B.strong          
C.enough           
D.frequent
64.According to the passage,which of the following is Not True?B
A.There isn't an upper limit for safe exercise across the world now.
B.Running marathons helps keep your heart healthy.
C.Light and moderate jogging may help people live longer.
D.The moderate-intensity activity time in a week could be about 140minutes.
65.What is the main idea of the passage?D
A.Jogging everyday is good to health.
B.Brisk walking is better than jogging.
C.Jogging is not a good activity for people who suffer heart diseases.
D.Jogging too much is no better than doing no exercise.
13.With the crazy smog going on in China,businessmen are now ready to grope for your wallet."Smog economy"is stimulating a shopping spree on certain products against the terrible weather.Now let's see what we have on the list to help us through the crisis.
1.Masks
Well,I would say you had better stay indoors to save your lives.PM 2.5 just surged up to 750 in Beijing recently.3M just sold 220,000 masks of a kind.No.1 best-selling products!
2.Air purifiers
This kind of products is rarely seen in Chinese households in the past.They have become a necessity now.I do like these little gadgets,but they are just too expensive.
3.Oxygen inhalers
I didn't realize oxygen inhalers also get a cut in the smog economy.As a matter of fact,your oxygen uptake has nothing to with relieving (减轻) the impact of smog.It might even lead to oxygen poisoning when you inhale too much oxygen.So don't get greedy.
4.Salt lamps
Compared to oxygen inhalers,salt lamps are even worse.Some stores are selling the products at several hundred yuan,saying that they can release negative ions(离子),reduce radiation levels and purify the air.The lamps mainly contain sodium chloride.The boiling point of sodium is about 800 degrees centigrade and that of candle is 500.So how on earth can negative ions be released at only 500 degrees?
5.Plants that absorb smog
Yeah,right.Plants Vs Smog.It is scientifically justified (证明) that some plants do absorb pollutants from the air.Money plants and calla lilies are among the best-sellers in the market.Even if they don't work,it's good to have some plants in the house anyway.

43.According to the passage,smogA.
A.give some economic chances to businessmen
B.is very bad to economy
C.makes some crisis come out
D.have nothing to do with the economy
44.What is the meaning of the underlined word?D
A.Giving up shopping
B.Feeling down in shopping.
C.Having a lot to buy
D.Buying something enthusiastically.
45.Salt lamps are useless,becauseB.
A.it may cause poisoning
B.it actually can't release the negative ions
C.it reduces radiation level and makes the air dirty
D.the prize is very high
46.How many ways does the author think are useful?B
A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.

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