Think about vitamin D when you’re catching up on summer rays. It’s sometimes called the “sunshine vitamin” because it’s produced in your skin in response to sunlight. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble (脂溶性的) vitamin in a family of compounds that includes vitamins D-1, D-2, and D-3. It can affect as many as 2,000 genes in the body.

Vitamin D has several important functions. Perhaps the most vital are regulating the absorption of calcium and phosphorous(磷), and promoting normal immune system function. Getting enough vitamin D is important for normal growth and development of bones and teeth, as well as improving resistance against certain diseases.

In addition to its primary benefits, research suggests that vitamin D may also play a role in:

reducing your risk of multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化), according to a 2006 study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association

decreasing your chance of developing heart disease, according to 2008 findings published in Circulation

helping to reduce your possibility of developing the flu, according to 2010 research published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

regulating mood and warding off depression

losing weight or preventing heart disease

How do you get it? Your body produces vitamin D naturally when it is directly exposed to sunlight. A little can go a long way. All you need is 10 minutes a day of midday, pre-sunscreen sun exposure,especially if you have fair skin. Besides getting vitamin D through sunlight, you can also get it through certain foods and supplements to ensure adequate levels of the vitamin in your blood.

1.Why is Vitamin D sometimes called “Sunshine Vitamin”?

A. Because it is produced in your skin reacting to sunlight.

B. Because it is named a fat-soluble vitamin.

C. Because it is produced with enough sunshine.

D. Because it is like sunshine in summer.

2.How can a person ensure enough Vitamin D in his/ her body?

A. He/ She could ask doctors for help.

B. He/ She should walk a long way in the sunlight.

C. He/ She should be exposed to sunlight for a long time.

D. He/ She should get it through sunlight, foods and supplements.

3.Which of the following is NOT the function of Vitamin D?

A. Preventing heart disease.

B. Helping the body grow normally.

C. Producing calcium and phosphorous.

D. Decreasing anxiety and nervousness.

4.Which is the best title of the passage?

A. Vitamin D Family

B. Vitamin D, You Need It

C. Ways to get Vitamin D

D. A Good Medicine—Vitamin D

As is often the case, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of current answers. That question is "What's your name?" Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.

Have you ever thought about people's names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

People's first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means "bright"; Beatrice means "one who gives happiness"; Donald means "world ruler"; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.

The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near brook(小溪); someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

Other early surnames came from people's occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter — a person who made pots and pans.

The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter's great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Some family names were made by adding something to the father's name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family's ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnell’s and the McDonnell’s and the O’Donnell’s are descendants of the same Donnell.

1.Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

A. People's characters.

B. Talents that people possessed.

C. People's occupations.

D. Places where people lived.

2.According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably ________.

A. made things with metals

B. made kitchen tools or contains

C. built houses and furniture

D. owned or drove a cart

3.Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________.

A. Leonard CarterB. George Longstreet

C. Donald GreenwoodD. Beatrice Smith

4.The underlined word "descendants” in the last paragraph means a person's ________.

A. friends and relatives

B. colleagues and partners

C. grandparents

D. later generations

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