题目内容

3.Population Change      Why is the world's population growing?The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits,but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900,people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century,declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.
      Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore,around 50% of the world's population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-repalanement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world's people now live in such nations),but you'd be wrong,Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too,which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
      A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China,for instance.What does it imply?First,China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Sencond,if other factors such as technology remain constant,economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
      Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%,Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring?Nobody is quite sure,but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don't bend.Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.
      In the north of india,the population is booming due to high birth rates,but in the south,where most econmoic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist,birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural arceas an lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total,25% of India's working-age population has no education.In 2030,a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.
      One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA,it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030,Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.

71.lower   72.size/scale  73.immediate74.economic75.old/older
76.earlier77.living/life78.equality79.immigration80.compensate.

分析 这篇文章主要讲述了全球的人口现状,出生率的下降在许多发展中地区是一个重要问题,这可能会导致在几十年的灾难性全球劳动力短缺. 人口负增长对发达国家以及发展中国家的经济发展可能会带来的不良影响,应该采取相应的应对方法.

解答 71.lower  72.size/scale  73.immediate  74.economic 75.old/older 76.earlier 77.living/life 78.equality 79.immigration 80.compensate
71.lower  信息归纳题  根据"declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st."可知,21世纪人口出生率比20世纪低,且much/even/far/a lot/a little等修饰比较级,故填lower
72.size/scale 信息归纳题.根据第二段"almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate"可知,发达国家人口出生率正在下降,即人口难以维持现有的规模,"maintain"一词是做题的依据,故填size/scale.
73.immediate 信息归纳题.根据第二段"which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades"中的"within a few decades"可知,出生率的下降对发展中国家和全球的消极影响还没有发生,由此联想到"影响不是立即产生的".
74.economic 貌似信息查找题,其实还是信息归纳题.接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济的问题,根据"economic development before a population decline hits the country"可知答案.
75.old/older 信息归纳题.根据"A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China"可知,中国可能会迎来年轻劳动力的危机,就现在而言,中国的劳动力正在"老化",故填older.
76.earlier 信息归纳题.根据"the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961…but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it"可知,俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降.
77.living/life 信息归纳题.如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式,他们的情况可能会好一些.故答案为living/life
78.equality信息归纳题   根据"but in the south,where most econmoic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly."可知,教育可以降低出生率,因此,可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长,
79.immigration  信息查找题  根据"One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration."可知,通过移民来引进工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法.
80.compensate 信息归纳题  根据"Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population"可知,美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加,接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺.

点评 该题考查学生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力及概况归纳能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点,从而概括出关键词.

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B.The Forced Wait makes people passive.
C.The Watched-Pot Wait needs directions.
D.The Watched-Pot Wait engages body and brain.
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B.It doesn't always bring the desired result.
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Jon Hoffman was sitting at a red light when he saw a man run out of a store carrying a plastic donation jar full of cash. The Plano, Texas, detective# dressed in plain clothes but wearing his badge and gun, caught the man and pinned him to the hood of his car. But Hoffman had trouble containing the thief, and they got into a struggle.

“The detective has a martial (军事的) arts background, and he said he thought the suspect must have a martial arts background, too, because he was able to break away so easily,” a Plano police spokesperson said.

The detective called out for help as a crowd gathered. Among those watching: Andre Harvey and Kirby Sample, two day laborers. Harvey did what has become common these days—he took out his phone and hit record. “I hate to say it, but I thought that this policeman was doing something stupid,” Harvey said. “But when he asked for help, I thought, well, there won’t be a shooting if I get over there in time.” Harvey jumped into action —while he was still recording the video—as did Sample.

“Harvey caught hold of the suspect’s arms, while Kirby seized his legs, and they were able to get the suspect to the ground to help Detective Hoffman put the handcuffs (手铐)on,” said the police spokesperson. The 27-year-old suspect was charged with resisting arrest and other offenses. The charity jar he stole held less than $ 50.

“I’ve been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life,” Harvey told WFAA. “It feels good to be on the right side and do something positive.”

After the arrest, the three men got to know each other over steaks and ribs at a local steak house — Hoffman’s treat, as a thank-you. But the rescuers say Hoffman deserves credit too. “It could have turned real ugly,” Sample told KFOR. com. “He handled himself like a real professional.”

1.What made Hoffman call for help when arresting the suspect?

A. He was not on duty. B. He couldn’t control the suspect.

C. He needed witnesses to support him. D. He wanted to push the thief into the car.

2.Why did Harvey and Kirby record the scene at the beginning?

A. To follow the fashion B. To record the cop’s violence.

C. To keep track of the criminal. D. To avoid being involved in the incident.

3.What can be inferred about Harvey?

A. He was ready to violate the law. B. He was out of work at that time.

C. He had a good martial arts background. D. He might have had some illegal conducts.

4.What is Harvey and Sample’s attitude towards Hoffman?

A. Appreciative. B. Prejudiced.

C. Skeptical. D. Admirable.

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