题目内容
3.Population Change Why is the world's population growing?The answer is not what you might think.The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbits,but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies.In 1900,people died at the average age of 30.By 2000 the average age was 65.But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century,declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average number of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to 2.5 nowadays.Furthermore,around 50% of the world's population live in regions where the figure is now below the replacement level(i.e.2.1 births per woman)and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-repalanement birth rate.You might think that developing nations would make up the loss(especially since 80% of the world's people now live in such nations),but you'd be wrong,Declining birth rate is a major problem in many developing regions too,which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China,for instance.What does it imply?First,China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population decline hits the country.Sencond,if other factors such as technology remain constant,economic growth and material expectations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.
Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise.Since 1992 the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%,Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.Why is this occurring?Nobody is quite sure,but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it.If current trends don't bend.Russia's population will be about the size of Yemen's by the year 2050.
In the north of india,the population is booming due to high birth rates,but in the south,where most econmoic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly.In a further twist,birth rate is highest in poorly educated rural arceas an lowest in highly educated urban areas.In total,25% of India's working-age population has no education.In 2030,a sixth of the country's potential work force could be totally uneducated.
One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration.As for the USA,it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population that is expected to grow by 20% from 2010-2030,Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.
71.lower 72.size/scale 73.immediate74.economic75.old/older
76.earlier77.living/life78.equality79.immigration80.compensate.
分析 这篇文章主要讲述了全球的人口现状,出生率的下降在许多发展中地区是一个重要问题,这可能会导致在几十年的灾难性全球劳动力短缺. 人口负增长对发达国家以及发展中国家的经济发展可能会带来的不良影响,应该采取相应的应对方法.
解答 71.lower 72.size/scale 73.immediate 74.economic 75.old/older 76.earlier 77.living/life 78.equality 79.immigration 80.compensate
71.lower 信息归纳题 根据"declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st."可知,21世纪人口出生率比20世纪低,且much/even/far/a lot/a little等修饰比较级,故填lower
72.size/scale 信息归纳题.根据第二段"almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate"可知,发达国家人口出生率正在下降,即人口难以维持现有的规模,"maintain"一词是做题的依据,故填size/scale.
73.immediate 信息归纳题.根据第二段"which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades"中的"within a few decades"可知,出生率的下降对发展中国家和全球的消极影响还没有发生,由此联想到"影响不是立即产生的".
74.economic 貌似信息查找题,其实还是信息归纳题.接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济的问题,根据"economic development before a population decline hits the country"可知答案.
75.old/older 信息归纳题.根据"A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China"可知,中国可能会迎来年轻劳动力的危机,就现在而言,中国的劳动力正在"老化",故填older.
76.earlier 信息归纳题.根据"the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961…but poor diet an above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it"可知,俄罗斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降.
77.living/life 信息归纳题.如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式,他们的情况可能会好一些.故答案为living/life
78.equality信息归纳题 根据"but in the south,where most econmoic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly."可知,教育可以降低出生率,因此,可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长,
79.immigration 信息查找题 根据"One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration."可知,通过移民来引进工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法.
80.compensate 信息归纳题 根据"Moreover,the USA has a track record of successfully accepting immigrants.As a result it's likely to see a rise in the size of its working-age population"可知,美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加,接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺.
点评 该题考查学生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力及概况归纳能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释.考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点,从而概括出关键词.
--______!Will you go with me?( )
A. | You there | B. | You bet | C. | You got me | D. | You know better |
(40)B,one day,in the music class that was (41)Aof his school's standard curriculum,he was playing idly (随意地)on the piano and found it (42)Dto pick out tunes.With a sinking feeling,he realized that he actually (43)Cdoing it.He tried to hide his (44)Bpleasure from the music teather,who had (45)Dover to listen.He might not have done this particularly well,(46)Athe teacher told Gabriel that he had a good(47)Aand suggested that Gabriel go into the musin store-room ti see if any of the instruments there(48)Chim.There he decided to give the cello(大提琴)a(49)B.When he began practicing,he took it very (50)C.But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrurnent,and was (51)Ato practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
This(52)D,of course,that he arrived at school early in the morning,(53)Bhis heavy instrument case across the campus to the(54)Blooks of the non-musicians he had left(55)C.
36.A.travelling | B.marching | C.pacing | D.struggling |
37.A.rising up | B.coming up | C.driving up | D.turning up |
38.A.before | B.after | C.until | D.since |
39.A.betray | B.accept | C.avoid | D.appreciate |
40.A.Therefore | B.However | C.Thus | D.Moreover |
41.A.part | B.nature | C.basis | D.spirit |
42.A.complicated | B.safe | C.confusing | D.easy |
43.A.missed | B.disliked | C.enioyed | D.denied |
44.A.transparent | B.obvious | C.false | D.similar |
45.A.run | B.jogged | C.jumped | D.wandered |
46.A.because | B.but | C.though | D.so |
47.A.ear | B.taste | C.heart | D.voice |
48.A.occurred to | B.took to | C.appealed to | D.held to |
49.A.change | B.chance | C.mission | D.function |
50.A.seriously | B.proudly | C.casually | D.admitted |
51.A.committed | B.used | C.limited | D.admitted |
52.A.proved | B.showed | C.stressed | D.meant |
53.A.pushing | B.dragging | C.lifting | D.rushing |
54.A.admiring | B.pitying | C.annoying | D.teasing |
55.A.over | B.aside | C.behind | D.out |
-Yes.It happened _____ the four roads meet.( )
A. | where | B. | that | C. | when | D. | as |