题目内容
【题目】Nowadays, girls are so mean to each other. Many girls are becoming the victims of the harmful behaviors of the female bully.
Emma Tracey was a popular 17-year-old and a well-liked athlete who had already won a soccer scholarship to college. But none of that stopped Emma from becoming the target of online girl on girl bullying (欺凌). Emma began to receive hundreds of online unpleasant comments via the latest social networking site called www.formspring.com.
In March 2011, Emma committed suicide and although all agreed that the online bother was not the single factor that led to Emma’ death, everyone did agree that it was a contributory factor.
Unfortunately, Emma’ story is not unique. A 2010 study conducted by the Cyberbullying Research Center states “Cyberbullying victims were almost twice as likely to have attempted suicide compared to youth who had not experienced cyberbullying. Girls are 57% more likely to be victims of aggressive cyberbullying and 92% more likely to be the criminals.”
Suicide is obviously the extreme and no one can minimize the tragedy of it. However, there are other damages that occur as a result of aggressive bullying. It can damage self-confidence and lead to feelings of worthlessness, and also increase social isolation and make victims become withdrawn, depressed, anxious, and unsafe. So what causes girls to be so unkind towards each other?
A term known as relational aggression may best describe the cause of girl on girl bullying. It starts with a clique (派系) usually led by a girl with a high level of social status and popularity. In order not to lose her position, she will control girls within the clique and take action if she feels threatened. At the leader’s directive the girls within the clique will spread rumors and lies and annoy other girls continuously.
The bullying starts at school but will quickly go to cyberbullying due to anonymity (匿名) and lack of punishment. Girls will easily do so in the anonymity of the Internet. Finally the cause will be summarized as the unsafety and jealousy of one girl and the twisted loyalty of members within her clique. Underneath the confident exterior (外表) of a female bully lie desperate unsafety.
【1】The example of Emma Tracey is given to show .
A. popular youth are not easy to become the target of bullying
B. today’s youth don’t like to study any more
C. suicide is a serious problem among youth
D. cyberbullying is quite common among teenagers
【2】The bullying will quickly go to cyberbullying mainly because .
A. it’s free to post comments online
B. the bullies don’t have to give their names online
C. it will not attract much attention
D. it will not affect their real life
【3】Which of the following is NOT the cause of bullying?
A. Lack of safety
B. The twisted loyalty of members within a clique
C. Jealousy of others
D. Trying to be friendly
【4】We can infer from the last paragraph that a female bully .
A. has strong self-confidence
B. has strong leadership skills
C. is actually weak inside
D. is usually good at study
【答案】
【1】D
【2】B
【3】D
【4】C
【解析】
试题分析：本文讲到女生之间的网络恐吓和欺凌，由Emma的遭遇作为案例，披露出网上恐吓在青少年当中非常普遍，分析了这一现象的原因和其带来的可怕后果。
【1】推理判断题。文中讲到Emma为一名网上恐吓的受害者，这也是她自杀的原因之一。第四段“Unfortunately, Emma’ story is not unique.”，Emma的遭遇并不是个例，以及第四段后面给出的数据，由此可知网上恐吓在青少年间非常普遍。故选D.
【2】细节分析题。最后一段“The bullying starts at school but will quickly go to cyberbullying due to anonymity (匿名) and lack of punishment.”恐吓最初起源于学校，但由于匿名性和缺少惩罚性，很快发展为网络恐吓。故选B.
【3】细节分析题。最后一段“Finally the cause will be summarized as the unsafety and jealousy of one girl and the twisted loyalty of members within her clique.”这一现象的原因可以总结为：缺乏安全感；女孩的嫉妒心以及对她所处派系的愚忠，故选D.
【4】细节分析题。最后一段“Underneath the confident exterior (外表) of a female bully lie desperate unsafety.”，可知内心是很脆弱的。故选C.
【题目】Reducing the amount of salt in our diets could save nearly 20,000 lives in the UK every year, according to researchers.
The recommended maximum daily intake for adults is 6g in the UK, although just month the World Health Organization (WHO) revised this down to 5g. Yet according to figures from the British Heat Foundation, men consume around 9.7g a day, while women have 7.7 g.
Fast food | Salt Content |
Original chicken | 2.9g per portion (份) |
Spicy crayfish | 3.5g per portion |
Large chips | 1 per portion |
McDonald’s Big Mac | 2.1 per portion |
Not researchers at three universities, including Harvard Medical School, have revealed the dramatic effect reducing salt could have on death rates by using computer models. They estimated that reducing salt intake to 6g would save 500,000 to 850,000 lives in the US over the next decade.
British doctor Ian Campbell, medical director of charity Weight Concern, told Mail Online: Salt is a big problem in the UK, too. It’s a silent killer. Over time consuming too much of it increases the risk of high blood pressure, which can lead to heart attacks. About 80 percent of our salt intake comes from processed foods, so it can be difficult to avoid.
Many people are unaware of where salt is hidden, such as bread, soups, ready meals, and even breakfast cereals (麦片). The government approach has been to encourage food companies to cut the amount of salt in their products. There has been a reduction but it is taking too long. The Food Standards Agency should consider setting compulsory maximum levels for salt.
Victoria Taylor, Senior Dietitian at the British Heat Foundation, added: Eating too much salt may raise your blood pressure and having high blood pressure increases your risk of developing heart disease.
The government has worked with the food industry to reduce the amount of salt in our food and make labels clearer. But there is still work to be down by everyone because the majority of Brits are still consuming more salt than they would be.
【1】Which of the following in the table reaches the daily maximum amount of salt recommended by the WHO?
A. A large chips and a McDonald’s Big Mac.
B. A spicy crayfish and a large chips.
C. An original chicken and a spicy crayfish.
D. A McDonald’s Big Mac and an original chicken.
【2】According to the passage, when people eat processed food they ________.
A. needn’t add salt
B. should add a little salt
C. may ruin their health
D. can have risk of heart attacks
【3】To solve the problem of eating too much salt, Ian Campbell advises ________.
A. having healthier breakfast
B. punishing the illegal food companies
C. reducing the amount of processed food
D. making laws about maximum levels for salt
【4】The last paragraph emphasizes the importance of ________.
A. making food tables clearer
B. monitoring the food industry
C. promoting the awareness of salt content
D. strengthening the government’s functions