题目内容

Scientists have discovered a special biological behavior in dolphins（海豚） that could lead to a treatment for late-onset diabetes（晚发的糖尿病） in humans. Studies on dolphins found that healthy dolphins switch into a diabetic-like state overnight when they are not feeding, but return to normal when they eat the following morning.

The extraordinary finding has led scientists to suggest that dolphins have “genetic switch” that allows them to imitate diabetes while they are not feeding for a night, without suffering any ill effect.

If researchers can identify a similar genetic pathway in human, they may be able to develop drugs to effectively switch off diabetes. Some 2.2 million people in Britain have type 2 (or late-onset) diabetes, a figure that is expected to reach 4 million by 2025 as a consequence of rising levels of obesity（肥胖）.

The tissues of people with type 2 diabetes have become resistant to insulin（胰岛素）so they lose the ability to control sugar levels in their blood. The condition can damage the heart, eyes, kidneys（肾脏） and nerves and contribute to 5% of all deaths, according to the World Healthy Organization.

Dolphins appear to imitate diabetes to keep high levels of blood sugar when food is rare. Like humans, dolphins need some sugar in their blood for their brains to function normally. Venn-Watson’s team analyzed 1,000 blood samples（样本） from 52 dolphins while they didn’t eat anything overnight and fed in the morning. At night time, the dolphins’ metabolism（新陈代谢）changed greatly and showed similar characteristics to that seen in people with type 2 diabetes.

“It is our hope that this discovery can lead to new ways to prevent, treat and maybe even cure diabetes in humans,” said Stephanie Venn-Watson, director of clinical research at the National Marine Foundation in San Diego.

1.What’s the main idea of the passage?

A. Humans get some idea of treating diabetes from dolphins.

B. Dolphins can switch into a diabetic-like state overnight.

C. Humans can suffer the same disease as dolphins.

D. Dolphins should be fed regularly to avoid diabetes.

2.The key to applying the finding to curing human diabetes lies in ____________.

A. producing insulin in a larger amount

B. developing drugs from healthy dolphins

C. identifying a similar genetic pathway in human

D. analyzing more blood samples from hungry dolphins

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Scientists have found a similar genetic switch in humans.

B. More British people will suffer type 2 diabetes due to obesity.

C. 2.2 million people with type 2 diabetes die in Britain every year.

D. Dolphins imitate diabetes to avoid a high blood sugar level.

4.What will happen to dolphins if not fed for a night according to Venn-Watson?

A. Their metabolism breaks down.

B. They become resistant to insulin.

C. Their heart and kidneys are damaged.

D. They keep high levels of blood sugar.

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Long ago, in a far-away place, an old tribal chief found himself terminally ill. So he called three most promising young villagers to his bedside and said, “As I 1. (leave)you soon, I hope you can do one more thing for me. Young men, you three are all 2. (usual)strong and resourceful, so I’d like you to strive to climb that high mountain we have always been worshipping 3. a sacred place. Try to reach the top and then turn back to tell me about your findings.

Three days later, the first young man returned smartly dressed and said 4. (smile), “Lord, I’ve been to the mountaintop5. I saw flowers of all sorts, spring water and singing birds. That’s a real nice place. ”

The old tribal chief replied with a smile, “Son, I’ve been there before. It’s not the mountaintop 6. the foot of the mountain. You can leave now. ”

A week later, the second young man also returned. “Lord, I’ve been to the mountaintop 7. a forest of tall pine trees and vultures circling in the air. That’s a really nice place. ”

“What a pity! ”said the chief. “Son, you’ve been halfway up the mountain rather than to the summit. Now you can leave. ”

A month later, the third young man showed up in rags, his hair off-colored but his eyes clear and bright.

“Lord, I succeeded in reaching the summit. There was nothing there but the highland wind and the blue sky 8. (hang)over the land. ”

“So you saw nothing at all? Not even9. butterfly? ”

“No, Lord, nothing. All you can see is yourself. You just feel how insignificant you are in this infinite universe10. standing at the top! ”

“Son, you’ve reached the real mountaintop. Congratulations! You will be undoubtedly made our new tribal chief! ”

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy resolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil(棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown more than 50%.

Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.

The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that .

A. it makes the world warmer

B. it consumes natural resources

C. it brings severe damage to future

D. it makes growth hard to continue

2.What can we infer from Paragraph2?

A. China lacks wind and solar energy.

B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.

C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.

D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

3.To fully develop the low-carbon markets governments can______.

A. cut public expenses

B. forbid carbon emissions

C. develop public resources

D. encourage energy conservation

4.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to _______.

A. develop sustainable products

B. explore new natural resources

C. make full use of natural resources

D. deal with the major challenge

5.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To introduce a new business model

B. To compare two business models

C. To predict a change of the global markets

D. To advocate sustainable development

The main street is lined with small stands and shops _____ sell almost anything you can imagine.

A. what B. where C. who D. which

It was reported last week that developers could take photos from Apple mobile and Google Android devices without the phone owners knowing that the images were being taken. In Apple’s case, developers can also obtain the location information for each photo.

Senator(参议员) Charles Schumer said in a telephone interview that his office had spoken with officials at both Apple and Google on Monday.

“We asked them if they could find a way on their own to prevent Apple from having access to private information,” Mr. Schumer said. “They were friendly and open to the idea that this ought to be changed.”

On Sunday, Mr. Schumer said that he planned to send a letter to the Federal Trade Commission asking the agency to investigate Apple and Google after the privacy concerns came to light. Claudia Bourne Farrell, an F.T.C. spokeswoman, said the agency had received the letter but she could not comment further.

“It worries people to think that one’s personal photos, address book, and who knows what else can be obtained and even posted online without permission,” Mr. Schumer wrote in his letter to the F. T.C. “If the technology exists to open the door to this kind of privacy invasion, then surely technology exists to close it, and that’s exactly what must happen.”

Mr. Schumer said if Apple and Google could not come to an agreement to fix the problem, then he would be forced to take the issue further.

He said other companies had been willing to work with his office to fix issues. “I’m optimistic that we can get this changed without any regulation,” he said. “If it’s not changed, then we’ll turn to the F.T.C., and if that doesn’t work then we’ll consider legislative approach.”

The F.T.C. has warned companies to try to be more vigilant(警醒的) in their efforts to protect consumers when it comes to privacy.

1.The senators spoke with officials at both Apple and Google_______.

A. to urge them not to invade consumers’ privacy.

B. to discuss whether it is illegal to have access to private information.

C. to stop them from developing the technology of taking photos.

D. to keep them from obtaining the location information for each photo.

2.Which of the following statements is True?

A. Privacy invasion from Apple has existed for a long time.

B. Mr. Schumer takes the privacy concerns caused by Apple and Google seriously.

C. Privacy invasion from Google has existed for a long time.

D. Apple and Google have decided to make a change.

3. Mr. Schumer’s letter to the F.T.C. mainly shows that the technology to open the door to privacy invasion_______.

A. causes privacy invasion to happen frequently.

B. can be used if permitted.

C. causes people to worry about the safety of their personal information.

D. causes personal information to be posted online without permission.

4.Where can we read about the passage?

A. In a newspaper. B. In a magazine.

C. In a science report. D. In a textbook.

Time talks. It speaks more plainly than words. Time in many ways.

Consider the different parts of the day, for example. The time of the day when something is done can give a meaning to the event. It is not a to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that something is urgent and immediate attention.

The same meaning is telephone calls made after 11:00 pm. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he may think it is a of life or death. The time chosen for the call its importance.

In social life, time plays a very part. In the United States, guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But this is not in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be .

The meaning of time from place to place in the world. , misunderstandings often arise between people from different cultures that time differently. For example, promptness (准时) is greatly in American life. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as or not fully responsible. In the US, no one would think of keeping a business partner for an hour; it would be too rude. A person who is five minutes late is to make a short apology.

1.A. wastes B. communicates C. travels D. runs

2.A. special B. ridiculous C. precious D. rare

3.A. custom B. deal C. problem D. duty

4.A. whenever B. though C. while D. once

5.A. gives B. escapes C. pays D. requires

6.A. compared with B. covered with C. attached to D. devoted to

7.A. story B. matter C. game D. view

8.A. reduces B. ignores C. doubts D. stresses

9.A. different B. small C. significant D. equal

10.A. plan B. invitation C. gift D. wish

11.A. true B. useful C. clear D. grateful

12.A. on time B. at length C. in advance D. by chance

13.A. remembered B. forgotten C. canceled D. opposed

14.A. varies B. separates C. rushes D. keeps

15.A. Meanwhile B. Otherwise C. Thus D. Besides

16.A. make B. kill C. save D. treat

17.A. complained B. valued C. seized D. influenced

18.A. impolite B. desperate C. helpless D. unlucky

19.A. working B. approaching C. waiting D. thinking

20.A. forced B. expected C. refused D. blessed

The stranger to walk into the building in the early morning was probably a salesman.

A. seen B. to see

C. to be seen D. seeing

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

What on earth does happiness mean? I can’t give you exact definition, but I’m sure if you love and help 1._________ , you’ll get it .

I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives in 2.__________ small house alone. It is said that her husband and her son3._______( die ) in a road accident years ago . Her life is bitter, but she often helps others with a smile. Whenever it snows, she is always the first 4._________ (clean) the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of them. I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life is full of 5._________( laugh ) and love .

But I’m sad to see some people getting their happiness in bad ways. They talk6.________ (noisy) in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy themselves and they laugh at others’ shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy at that time , 7.__________ they will never get true happiness because they 8.________

(lose) their personality already .

Now I know what happiness is. 9._________ means kindness, love and unselfishness. Above all, I have come to understand that 10._______ (bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness.

Daily practice is a good ______ in learning English. If you keep trying, you will be sure to make greater progress.

A. award B. belief

C. trick D. system

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