With around 40,000 students, the Politecnico di Milano is the largest and most technical university in Italy, offering undergraduate, graduate and other courses in engineering, architecture and design. Founded in 1863, just two years after Italy was united, Milan Polytechnic is international famous. Many of its graduates now work in big companies abroad like M.I.T., Caltech and Oxbridge.

Yet the Politechnic has a problem. As you know, here in Italy people speak Italian. Beautiful though the language may be, it is not a good choice for engineers when they’re building a way in Norway or designing a bridge in Vietnam. For better or worse, the global tongue of engineers is English. Hoping to attract more international students, the Politechnic decided to run its doctor’s courses in English only. Over 100 teachers went to court to block the plan, referring to a 1933 law that makes Italian the official language. For some teachers, all that matters is that they don’t feel comfortable teaching in English. In 2013, the court said they were right. Teaching English was out.

But there was more to come. They then went on a nationwide campaign against their university’s decision. Unwisely, the defenders of the Italian language backed them, saying, “we note with regret and concern the ignorance and abandonment(放弃) of Italian in the university education.”

The leaders at the Politechnic refused to be frightened, and asked for the ruling. Last month the Council of State said, “Art and science are free, and teaching them is free.” The question is whether teaching in English prevents students acquiring knowledge. But one could put it differently, and ask whether universities should be free to teach in whatever way they think best serves their students.

Interestingly, the people one might expect to be most against English-only teaching, the students themselves, have taken it easy. The president, Giovanni Azzone, told me: “Students write to me about everything from the lack of parking spaces to washrooms that don’t work. Not one has ever complained about the courses in English.”

1.The main idea of the passage is that the Politechnic decision to run its doctor’s courses in English only ________.

A. attracts more international students

B. sends more students to work abroad

C. makes some teachers out of work

D. meets with different responses

2.Which statement is NOT the reason why the Politechnic decided to use only English in class?

A. Many graduates work abroad.

B. Italian is widely used.

C. English is the global language.

D. The Politechnic is an international university.

3.Those who agree with the new change in the Politechnic are ________.

A. the Politechnic leaders B. over 100 teachers

C. the Council of State D. the defenders of Italian

4.The students’ attitude towards English-only teaching in doctor’s courses is _________.

A. indifferent(漠然的) B. disapproving

C. skeptical D. approving

How to Study Smarter, Not Harder

Here are some of our favorite study tips that will help any student study smarter, not harder:

Recite As You Study

Reciting—saying things out loud should first take place as you read through each paragraph or section. Test yourself. This will help you to understand as well as learn faster because it is more active than reading or listening. It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding.

Take Fuller Notes

Notes should be in your own words, brief and clear. They should be tidy and easy to read. Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.

Study the Middle

The best time to review is soon after you’ve learned something. You are more likely to remember the material at the beginning and the end of the lesson, so make sure you focus on the middle when you review.

Sleep On It

Study before going to bed, unless you are very tired. It’s easier to remember material you have just learned after sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you’ve fallen asleep.

Combine(结合) Memory and Understanding

There are two ways to remember: by memorizing and by understanding. Multiplication tables, telephone numbers, and math formulas are better learned by rote. Ideas are best learned by understanding.

The more ways you have to think about an idea, the more meaning it will have; the more meaningful the learning, the better you can remember it. Pay attention to similarities in ideas and concepts, and then try to understand how they fit in with things you already know. Never be satisfied with anything less than a completely clear understanding of what you are reading. If you are not able to follow the thought, go back to the place where you first got confused and try again.

1.You can notice your mistakes by .

A. studying the middle B. taking notes

C. speaking things out aloud D. sleeping on it

2.When taking notes, you should to better help you with reading.

A. underline important notes

B. write as quickly as possible

C. take down every detail

D. write notes in your own words

3.The writer advises you to as it is easier for you to remember material.

A. study before going to sleep

B. do some exercise after studying

C. study as soon as you get up

D. study after a period of activity

4.Which of the following is NOT helpful for your understanding?

A. Thinking about an idea in different ways.

B. Reading from the beginning to the end without stop.

C. Relating ideas and concepts with what you already know.

D. Going back to what first made you confused and start again.

The parents of a troubled teen may feel unsure as to whom to turn to in order to find help for their child. They may feel as if they have exhausted all of their options, and sometimes they are on the verge of giving up. But there is hope. Schools for troubled teens offer discipline and in some cases, drug treatment programs that can provide important life skills, and more importantly, a fresh start.

The following is a list of the most effective types of schools for troubled teens. Not every facility is a match for every child, but by knowing the differences between them, parents can make a better educated decision about where to send their teenager.

Boarding Schools

When a child is unable to deal with the relative freedom of a standard school day, boarding schools might be a good choice. At boarding schools, the child lives in a dorm setting, where almost every minute of the day is scheduled by school administrators.

Treatment Centers

When a teenager has an addiction to drugs or alcohol, a residential center that specializes in young people is an outstanding way to help them break the cycle of addiction. Treatment centers feature individual and group counseling to help identify the root causes of the drug problem and help develop the life skills needed to stay clean when the program is over.

Wilderness Programs

Designed to help improve the discipline and self-reliance of the child, wilderness programs send kids back to nature. By placing them in a foreign and sometimes uncomfortable setting, wilderness programs hope to improve children’s behavior. Programs generally include hikes, exercise programs and team building exercises.

Boot Camps

Boot camps are the most extreme style of school for troubled teens. These facilities are modeled after actual military boot camps, where the individual must get into shape, work as part of a team, and follow a long, hard set of rules and regulations. However, boot camps might not be the best choice for a teen with a drug addiction.

1.Who would be the intended readers of the passage?

A. Teachers. B. Parents.

C. Students. D. Experts.

2.As the author suggests, schools for troubled teens______.

A. can be a good choice for some desperate parents

B. can completely help and change troubled teens

C. are becoming popular with teens in trouble

D. care more about discipline than life skills

3.According to the passage, boarding schools_____.

A. provide children with more freedom

B. have their students’ time managed carefully

C. pay much attention to team building exercises

D. can make children feel safer

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

Learning a life lesson on managing time

One day,an expert was speaking to a group of students about how to manage their time.He ________ an example those students will never forget.

He pulled out a wide jar and put it on the table.He also ________ about a dozen rocks and carefully ________ them into the jar.One at a time.When no more rocks would ________ inside,he asked,“Is this jar full?”

Everyone in the class answered loudly,“Yes.” The expert said,“Really?” He ________ under the table and pulled out a bucket of gravel (砾石).He put some gravel in and ________ the jar,causing it to go down into the ________ between the big rocks.He then asked the group once more,“Is this jar full?”

________ not,” one of them answered this time.“Good!” he replied.From under the table he brought out a bucket of sand and started ________ the sand in the jar and it went into all of the spaces left ________ the rocks and the gravel.Once more he asked the question,“Is this jar full?”

“No!” the class shouted.Once again he said,“Good.” Then he ________ a cup of water in ________ the jar was full.Then he looked at the class and asked,“What is the ________ here?”

Immediately one ________ student raised his hand and said,“The point is,no matter how full your ________ is,if you try really hard you can always fit ________ things in!” “No,” the expert replied,“that’s not the point.The point is if you don’t put the big rocks in ________ ,you’ll never get them in ________.What are the ‘big rocks’ in your ________ ?Time with your loved ones,your education,or your dreams?Remember to put these big rocks in first or you’ll never get them in at all,________ you’ll never have the real quality time you need to spend on the big,important things.”

1.A.set B.gave C.made D.followed

2.A.handed out B.passed on C.took out D.picked up

3.A.threw B.spread C.turned D.placed

4.A.come B.push C.fall D.fit

5.A.reached B.sat C.got D.stopped

6.A.shook B.covered C.pressed D.raised

7.A.bottom B.distance C.areas D.spaces

8.A.Usually B.Probably C.Obviously D.Simply

9.A.inserting B.packing C.putting D.mixing

10.A.beside B.between C.around D.among

11.A.allowed B.forced C.sank D.poured

12.A.until B.before C.so that D.as far as

13.A.reason B.result C.point D.matter

14.A.clever B.eager C.sensitive D.curious

15.A.schedule B.container C.time D.class

16.A.enough B.small C.extra D.more

17.A.first B.once C.properly D.immediately

18.A.at all B.after all C.at last D.any more

19.A.mind B.list C.life D.world

20.A.and B.while C.but D.for

A schoolgirl saved her father's life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart.

Izzy, nine, restarted father Colm's heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.

Izzy's mother, Debbie, immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father, so decided to use CPR.

However, she quickly discovered her arms weren't strong enough, so she stamped on her father's chest instead.

Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance arrived.

Izzy, who has been given a bravery award by her school, said: "I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasn't strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”

"She's a little star," said Debbie, "I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just can't believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and we've got to see an expert."

Truck driver Colm, 35, suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled, preventing him from breathing, his blood pressure dropped suddenly, and his heart stopped for a moment.

He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.

1.From the passage, which of the sentences about Debbie is true?

A.She thought it useless to teach children first aid.

B.She thought if her daughter became a doctor, she would kick him harder.

C.She did nothing to help her husband.

D.She was proud of her daughter.

2.Izzy kicked her father in the chest ______ .

A.to express her helplessness

B.to practise CPR on him

C.to keep him awake

D.to restart his heart

3.What's the right order of the events?

①Izzy kicked Colm.

②Debbie called 999.

③Izzy learned CPR.

④Colm's heart stopped.

A.3124

B.4231

C.3421

D.4312

4.What does Paragraph 8 mainly talk about?

A.What Colm suffered.

B.Colm's present condition.

C.What caused Colm's allergy.

D.Symptoms of Colm's allergic reaction.

5.Why does the author write the news?

A.To describe a serious accident.

B.To prove the importance of CPR.

C.To report a 9-year-old girl's brave act.

D.To call people's attention to allergic reaction.

One afternoon last week, I saw three tearful children from my son’s school being comforted by teachers. That morning, my 11-year-old had stomach pains, retching(干呕)into a bowl. Talking to other mothers later, I heard about other children with stomachache or difficulty sleeping the night before.

What caused so much pain? Sports day. Sports day might be necessary at a highly-competitive independent school, but not at a village primary school. For the children who can fly like the wind, sports day causes no problem. For those who are overweight or just not good at sport, it is a nightmare(噩梦). Even for those who enjoy running but fall halfway down the track in front of the entire school and their parents, it can prove a disaster.

Why do we put our children through this annual suffering? Some may say competition is character building; or it’s taking part, not winning, that’s important; or that it is a tradition of school life. I just felt great pity for those children in tears or in pain.

Team games at the end of sports day produced some close races, wild enthusiasm, lots of shouting—and were fun to watch. More importantly, the children who were not so fast or quick at passing the ball were hidden a little from everyone’s eyes. Some of them also had the thrill of being on the winning side.

I wish that sports day could be abandoned and replaced with some other less-competitive event. Perhaps an afternoon of team games, with a few races for those who want them, would be less stressful for the children and a lot more fun to watch.

1.What can we learn about the author’s son from Paragraph 1?

A. He talked with some mothers.

B. He comforted his classmates.

C. He had difficulty in sleeping.

D. He suffered from stomachache.

2.Sports day is still an annual event in this school probably because .

A. this is an independent school

B. it is a tradition of the school

C. it helps children lose weight

D. children enjoy watching sports

3.What does the author think about team games?

A. They should include more stressful races.

B. They are acceptable to different children.

C. They should be abandoned at primary schools.

D. They are less fun for those who love running.

4.What is the author’s attitude towards sports day?

A. Critical. B. Neutral. C. Positive. D. Ambiguous.

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