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There is no denying that it has become a symbol of vogue and brought much convenience to our life£®¡¾¸ß·Ö¾äÐÍ¡¿With a computer or a cell phone£¬we can text whatever we like£¬and immediately people who are concerned about us may receive it£®Not only can we respond to it immediately but also we can type some words in reply to them if we are interested£®¡¾¸ß·Ö¾äÐÍ¡¿However£¬some use it just for fun and waste a lot of time and energy£®
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8£®We all use money every day£®It is essential because we can pay money for whatever we want£®Money is recognized as banknotes and coins£®
However£¬many years ago people couldn't go to the shop and buy what they wanted£®They had to get what they wanted through the barter trade£¨ÊµÎï½»Ò×£©£®It was really difficult£¬for the barter often depended on coincidence of wants£®For example£¬the seller of grain has to find a buyer who wants to buy grain and who also could offer something the seller wants to buy£®And one more example£¬if a wheat farmer needs what a fruit farmer produces£¬a direct exchange is impossible because seasonal fruit would spoil before the grain harvest£®The solution is to trade fruit for wheat indirectly through a third intermediate commodity£¨ÖмäµÄÉÌÆ·£©£¬such as cattle£¬salt£¬shells£¬wine£®However£¬commodity money had their disadvantages£®For example£¬cattle£¬fur£¬precious stones couldn't be cut into smaller pieces and it was inconvenient to keep and transport them£®Thus coins were invented£®
The earliest known coins in the western world came from Lydia in about 650B£®C£®Greek cities£¬the Great Persian Empire and Roman Empire quickly adopted the new useful technique of metal currency£®And by the end of the 6th century£¬coinages were common throughout the region£®However£¬coins as well as commodity money had many disadvantages£®For instance£¬coins quickly show wear£¨Ä¥Ë𣩠and they usually have small value£¬so it's difficult to count large sums of coins£®
At first£¬paper money was used in China in about 650A£®D£®After then£¬it was used in Persia and Japan£®In Europe£¬paper money was firstly produced in the Netherlands in the 16th century and in the USA in the 17th century£®Paper money is worthless but symbolic£®In other words£¬paper money is just a note£®It has a purchasing power because the government announces it as money and citizens accept it universally£®

28£®The writer explains the difficulty of barter trade byB£®
A£®telling stories
B£®using examples
C£®presenting a theory
D£®making a comparison
29£®What do we know about the early coins£¿C
A£®They usually had large value£®
B£®They were first used in Greece£®
C£®They still had many disadvantages£®
D£®People didn't like the metal currency£®
30£®Paper money was used earlier inD£®
A£®Rome
B£®Greece
C£®the USA
D£®the Netherlands
31£®What is the passage mainly about£¿B
A£®Function of money£®
B£®History of money£®
C£®Invention of money£®
D£®Types of money£®
9£®Over the past decade£¬there have been many scientific studies on the digital activity of people£¬such as making mobile calls£¬texting£¬e-mailing£¬and posting on social media£®Nearly all human behavior leaves a digital footprint£®Therefore£¬scientists can use such digital activity as a way to track human activity£®For example£¬they can study differences between cultures in sleep patterns£¬work schedules£¬and spare time activities£®
Researchers from Finland and Denmark use a completely new approach to study digital rhythms£®Previous studies focused on general patterns across large numbers of people£®However£¬this time researchers focus on pronounced£¬long-term differences in rhythm between individuals£®They show that people tend to have their personal rhythm of digital activity£®It is stable like a personal signature£®
"Each individual follows their own daily rhythm£¬"says Talayeh£¬who led the research£®"In almost every case£¬the patterns differ strongly from the average behavior£¬for example by increased calling frequency during mornings£¬mid-days£¬or evenings£¬"says Talayeh£®What drives these individual differences is not yet clear£®Geographical and cultural differences clearly play a role£®"There could also be an effect of physiology£¨ÉúÀíѧ£©£®We see this research as the first step to understand how activity patterns are related to other people's characteristics£¬such as personality and mobility behavior£¬"says Talayeh£®
This finding could also have medical use£®Digital rhythms could be monitored for patients with mental health problems£®Sudden changes in patients'digital rhythms could be a sign that treatment may be necessary£®"Combining this research with Big Data may also bring new ways of research in sleep studies£¬"concludes Talayeh£®

32£®What do scientists use the digital activity of people to do£¿B
A£®To make their research easier£®
B£®To know about people's behavior£®
C£®To aid the development of social media£®
D£®To reduce people's dependence on mobile phones£®
33£®Which of the following can best describe digital rhythms£¿B
A£®Natural but casual£®
B£®Personal and fixed£®
C£®Differnet but unclear£®
D£®Changeable and mysterious£®
34£®According to Talayeh£¬digital rhythmsC£®
A£®have nothing to do with personality
B£®have a great effect on everyday habits
C£®may have something to do with culture
D£®can help the development of physiology
35£®What is the use of rhythms in the medical field£¿D
A£®They can help avoid patients'sleep problems£®
B£®They will change the ways doctors do their work£®
C£®They could free people of mental problems£®
D£®They may tell whether a patient is well£®

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