An old problem is getting new attention in the United States-bullying．Recent cases included the tragic case of a fifteen-year-old girl whose family moved from Ireland．She hanged herself in Massachus 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

An old problem is getting new attention in the United States—bullying．Recent cases included the tragic case of a fifteen-year-old girl whose family moved from Ireland．She hanged herself in Massachusetts in January following months of bullying．Her parents criticized her school for failing to protect her．Officials have brought criminal charges against several teenagers．

Judy Kaczynski is president of an anti-bullying group called Bully Police USA．Her daughter Tina was the victim of severe bullying starting in middle school in the state of Minnesota．She said, "Our daughter was a very outgoing child．She was a bubbly personality, very involved in all kinds of things, had lots of friends．And over a period of time her grades fell completely．She started having health issues．She couldn't sleep．She wasn't eating．She had terrible stomach pains．She started clenching her jaw and grinding her teeth at night．Didn't want to go to school．"

Bullying is defined as negative behavior repeated over time against the same person． It can involve physical violence．Or it can be verbal — for example, insults or threats．Spreading lies about someone or excluding a person from a group is known as social or relational bullying．

And now there is cyberbullying, which uses the Internet, e-mail or text messages．It has easy appeal for the bully because it does not involve face-to-face contact and it can be done at any time．

The first serious research studies into bullying were done in Norway in the late 1970s．The latest government study in the United States was released last year．It found that about one-third of students age twelve to eighteen were bullied at school．

Susan Sweater is a psychologist at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and co-director of the Bullying Research Network．She says schools should treat bullying as a mental health problem to get bullies and victims the help they need．She says bullying is connected to depression, anxiety and anti-social behavior, and bullies are often victims themselves．

From the case of Tina, we can know that ．

A．bullying is rare B．victims suffered a lot

C．schools are to blame D．personalities are related

Which of the following is NOT bullying?

A．To beat someone repeatedly． B．To call someone names．

C．To isolate someone from friends． D．To refuse to help someone in need．

Why is cyberbullying appealing to the bully?

A．Because it can involve more people． B．Because it can create worse effects．

C．Because it is more convenient． D．Because it can avoid cheating．

According to Susan Sweater, ．

A．bullies are anti-social B．bullies should give victims help

C．students are not equally treated D．bullies themselves also need help

Which of the following can be the best title of the text?

A．Bullying—Old Irish Girl Committed Suicide

B．15-Year-Old Irish Girl Committed Suicide

C．Cyberbullying-Taking Off in Schools

D．How to Find Bullying among Teens

【小题1】B

【小题2】D

【小题3】C

【小题4】D

【小题5】A

解析:

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　　In October, 1961, at Crowley Field in Cincinnati, Ohio, an old, deaf gentleman named William E．Hoy stood up to throw out the first ball of the World Series．Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired(退休)from professional baseball 58 years earlier．However, he had been an outstanding player and the deaf community still talks about him and his years in baseball．William E．Hoy was born in Houckstown, Ohio, on May 23, 1862．He became deaf when he was two years old．He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the Deaf．After graduation, he started playing semi-pro baseball while working as a shoemaker．

　　Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh(Wisconsin)of the Northwestern League．In 1888, he started as an outfielder with the old Washington Senators．His small stature and speed made him an outstanding base runner．He was very good at stealing bases during his career．In the 1888 major league season, he stole 82 bases．He was also the Senators’ leading hitter in 1888．Hoy threw right-handed and tatted left-handed．On June 19, 1889, he threw out three batters at the plate from his outfield position．

　　The arm signals used by umpires(裁判)today to show balls and strikes, and his left arm to signal that it was a ball．

　　For many years, people talked about Hoy’s last ball game．He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League．It was a memorable game because Hoy made an unusual play which won the game．It was a very foggy night and, therefore, very hard to see the ball．In the ninth inning, with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out．Los Angeles defeated their opposition and won the pennant(锦旗)for the year．

　　Hoy married Anna Marie Lowery．The Hoys had many fiends．Since they could not hear a doorbell or a knock on the door, Hoy put a baseball in a groove(槽)by the door bell．The pulling of the bell knocked the ball onto the floor．The vibrations announced the visitor．

　　After he retired, Hoy stayed busy．He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years．He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches．Until a few years before his death, he took 4 and 10 mile walks several mornings a week．On December 15, 1961, William Hoy died at the age of 99．

(1)

It can be inferred from the text that _______．
[　　]
A．	Hoy’s wife was also deaf
B．	Hoy did badly in the 1888 major league season．
C．	Hoy had very bad eyesight
D．	Hoy stopped taking exercises shortly before he died

(2)

The underlined word “vibrations” in Para．5 probably refers to _______．
[　　]
A．	postman
B．	men servants
C．	door bells
D．	shaking movements of the ball

(3)

The passage mainly tells us about _______．
[　　]
A．	the rest of the life of a deaf baseball player
B．	the development of the umpire’s hand signal
C．	the great effect on baseball by a deaf player
D．	the greatest American sport played by nearly everyone

第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
A
Amiya Olden could have been a poster child for a reading crisis that affects nearly 2 million Michigan residents older than 1 6：They read below a sixth-grade level，which makes it difficult to find jobs and to improve their lives．Among them，Amiya is one．
Amiya Olden remembers well the day she graduated from Denby High school．She handed her diploma to her mother，who read it to her．“Then when someone asked me to read it，I could remember the things she read，and I knew what I had to say，”recalled Amiya Olden．“When we would go out to restaurants with my aunts，and that is when I really would get upset．1 would see words on the menu but I couldn’t read! ”
But don‘t feel sorry for her. She changed her life by reaching a point where she’d read enough．Two summers ago，she took charge of her life when she walked into Pro Literacy Detroit to improve her reading．Nineteen months ago，she was reading at a second-grade level；now at a fifth-grade level．
Olden now splits her days between her classes at Pro Literacy and the library，where she checks out books and reads them．She says she hopes her improved reading skills will help her find a good job．
And she has advice for others，who have trouble reading．
“Don’t give up on it，”she said．“Even though it can be challenging and you might get frustrated sometimes，practice does help．If you really want to be able to go somewhere，go out to a restaurant and you have to read signs and things like that，you want to know what you want to eat and where you want to go．．．If you want to succeed in life and grow，you have to read．More important，you have to feel confident that you can．”
56．Amiya' mother read the diploma to her so that_________．
A．she could encourage her daughter to improve her reading
B．her daughter could remember the content of the diploma
C．they both could remember the particular moment
D．she could show off before her daughter
57．Amiya attends Pro Literacy Detroit to __________．
A．get another diploma                 B．improve her reading level
C．find a good job in the training center     D．be a poster child for the reading crisis
58．From the passage we can see in Michigan__________．
A．many people can’t find good jobs due to poor reading
B．the job market pays too much attention to reading
C．most students can’t graduate from high school
D．the reading crisis affects only poor people
59．Which of the following is true of Amiya?
A．She is 16 years old now．
B．A good job has been offered to her．
C．She is an adviser for those with reading difficulty．
D．Most of her time is divided between her classes and the library．
60．With the study at Pro Literacy，Amiya is now             ．
A．puzzled       B．discouraged         C．confident            D．1earned

Getting kids to share their toys is a never-ending battle, and forcing them to do so never seems to help. New research suggests that allowing children to make a choice to sacrifice their own toys in order to share with someone else makes them share more in the future. The new findings are published in Psychological Science.

These experiments were conducted by psychological scientists, Nadia Chernyak and Tamar Kushnir of Cornell University. They found that sharing things with others when they are given a difficult choice leads children to think of themselves as people who like to share. It also makes them more likely to act in a pro-social （亲社会的）manner in the future.

Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don't like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don't view themselves as "sharers", they are less likely to share in the future.

Chernyak and Kushnir were interested in finding out whether freely chosen sacrifice might have the opposite effect on kids' willingness to share. To test this, the researchers introduced five-year-old children to Doggie, a sad puppet. Some of the children were given a difficult choice: Share a precious sticker（贴纸） with Doggie, or keep it for themselves. Other children were given an easy choice between sharing and putting the sticker away, while children in a third group were required by the researcher to share.

Later on, all the children were introduced to Ellie, another sad puppet. They were given the option of how many stickers to share (up to three). The kids who earlier made the difficult choice to help Doggie shared more stickers with Ellie. The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie. Therefore, children did not benefit from simply giving something up, but rather from willingly choosing to give something up of value.

“You might imagine that making difficult, costly choices is demanding for young children or even that once children share, they don’t feel the need to do so again,” Chernyak says. “But this wasn't the case: once children made a difficult decision to give up something for someone else, they were more generous, not less, later on.” Chernyak concludes.

1._______ helps children to share more in the future.

A. Rewarding children for sharing

B. Forcing children to share

C. Allowing children to share precious things willingly

D. Allowing children to share what they don’t need

2.The underlined word “backfire” means _______.

A. have an opposite effect B. serve as a push

C. cause anger D. avoid taking things back

3.Those who were required to share give fewer stickers to Ellie because _______.

A. they regret what they did B. it’s not their own choice

C. Ellie is not as sad as Doggie D. they like to share with a real person

4.We can conclude from the passage that _______.

A. parents will never find a way to get children to share toys

B. a gift should be given to make up for children’s sacrifice

C. children pretend to be generous when they are being observed

D. making difficult choices may influence sharing behavior

	Antz is a movie that shows young kids how to work as a team. It shows however small a part they may have, what matters most is the team outcome of that small-small effort they all put to make things happen. It tells them never ever to give up the dream and never ever to accept failure. It tells about an ant that is never known by its size but by its team.
	Forrest Gump tells a story of a boy who stands for friends and has a strong will power. He never throws his life for chance but makes the best out of it. This story will make your kids feel sure about themselves and their abilities, making them brave enough to stand up to any challenges.
	Lion King is an American animated (动画的）musical adventure film produced by Wall Disney Feature Animation. The movie will show your kids the importance of having friends in one’s life.
	Dumbo will give your child wings to imagine without any boundaries. He doesn’t have to be logical every time. He has to understand that it’s the mental strength rather than the physical strength that brings out the best out of everything. Free for parents who come to see the film with their child.
		As a parent we are always caring about our kids but sometimes it’s not helpful for their growth. Finding Nemo, an animated film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation， shows us how to teach them to overcome their fear by trying things，failing and bouncing back again for the/ry.
	The director brings out the best of the characters in the movie Toy Story. The movie portrays the emotions of the toys. How beautifully the emotions like friendship，togetherness ，leadership，love，care and so on have turned up in this movie!

1.According to the text, the film Forrest Gump is aimed at improving the viewers’ _____.

A. teamwork B. self-confidence C. imagination D. friendship

2.How much do they have to pay if eight-year-old Jason goes to see the film Dumbo with his parents?

A. $ 10. B. $ 20. C. $ 30. D. $ 45.

3.Who are the main target audience of the movies mentioned in the text?

A. Parents. B. Teachers. C. Children. D. Clerks.

4.What emotions have appeared in the film Toy Story EXCEPT__________?

A. friendship B. love C. leadership D. Generosity

Amiya Olden could have been a poster child for fl reading crisis that affects nearly 2 million Michigan residents older than 1 6：They read below a sixth-grade level，which makes it difficult to find jobs and to improve their lives．Among them，Amiya is one．

Amiya Olden remembers well the day she graduated from Denby High schoo1．She handed her diploma to her mother，who read it to her．“Then when someone asked me to read it，I could remember the things she read，and I knew what I had to say，”recalled Amiya Olden．“When we would go out to restaurants with my aunts，and that，S when I really would get upset．1 would see words on the menu but I couldn’t read! ”

But don‘t feel sorry for her I She changed her life by reaching a point where she I’d read enough．Two summers ago，she took charge of her life when she walked into Pro Literacy Detroit to improve her reading．Nineteen months ago，she was reading at a second-grade level；now at a fifth-grade level．

Olden now splits her days between her classes at Pro Literacy and the library，where she checks out books and reads them．She says she hopes her improved reading skills will help her find a good job．

And she has advice for others，who have trouble reading．

“Don’t give up on it，”she said．“Even though it can be challenging and you might get frustrated sometimes，practice does help．If you really want to be able to go somewhere，go out to a restaurant and you have to read signs and things like that，you want to know what you want to eat and where you want to go．．．If you want to succeed in life and grow，you have to read．More important，you have to feel confident that you can．”

1．Amiya' mother read the diploma to her so that ．

A．she could encourage her daughter to improve her reading

B．her daughter could remember the content of the diploma

C．they both could remember the particular moment

D．she could show off before her daughter

2．Amiya attends Pro Literacy Detroit to ．

A．get another diploma B．improve her reading level

C．find a good job in the training center D．be a poster child for the reading crisis

3．From the passage we can see in Michigan ．

A．many people can’t find good jobs due to poor reading

B．the job market pays too much attention to reading

C．most students can’t graduate from high school

D．the reading crisis affects only poor people

4．Which of the following is true of Amiya?

A．She is 16 years old now．

B．A good job has been offered to her．

C．She is an adviser for those with reading difficulty．

D．Most of her time i s divided between her classes and the library．

5．With the study at Pro Literacy，Amiya is now ．

A．puzzled B．discouraged C．confident D．1earned

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