题目内容

Getting kids to share their toys is a never-ending battle, and forcing them to do so never seems to help. New research suggests that allowing children to make a choice to sacrifice their own toys in order to share with someone else makes them share more in the future. The new findings are published in Psychological Science.

These experiments were conducted by psychological scientists, Nadia Chernyak and Tamar Kushnir of Cornell University. They found that sharing things with others when they are given a difficult choice leads children to think of themselves as people who like to share. It also makes them more likely to act in a pro-social (亲社会的)manner in the future.

Previous research has explained why rewarding children for sharing can backfire. Children come to think of themselves as people who don't like to share since they had to be rewarded for doing so. Because they don't view themselves as "sharers", they are less likely to share in the future.

Chernyak and Kushnir were interested in finding out whether freely chosen sacrifice might have the opposite effect on kids' willingness to share. To test this, the researchers introduced five-year-old children to Doggie, a sad puppet. Some of the children were given a difficult choice: Share a precious sticker(贴纸) with Doggie, or keep it for themselves. Other children were given an easy choice between sharing and putting the sticker away, while children in a third group were required by the researcher to share.

Later on, all the children were introduced to Ellie, another sad puppet. They were given the option of how many stickers to share (up to three). The kids who earlier made the difficult choice to help Doggie shared more stickers with Ellie. The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie. Therefore, children did not benefit from simply giving something up, but rather from willingly choosing to give something up of value.

“You might imagine that making difficult, costly choices is demanding for young children or even that once children share, they don’t feel the need to do so again,” Chernyak says. “But this wasn't the case: once children made a difficult decision to give up something for someone else, they were more generous, not less, later on.” Chernyak concludes.

1._______ helps children to share more in the future.

A. Rewarding children for sharing                      

B. Forcing children to share

C. Allowing children to share precious things willingly

D. Allowing children to share what they don’t need

2.The underlined word “backfire” means _______.

A. have an opposite effect                                              B. serve as a push

C. cause anger                                                                   D. avoid taking things back

3.Those who were required to share give fewer stickers to Ellie because _______.

A. they regret what they did                                           B. it’s not their own choice        

C. Ellie is not as sad as Doggie                                D. they like to share with a real person

4.We can conclude from the passage that _______.

A. parents will never find a way to get children to share toys

B. a gift should be given to make up for children’s sacrifice

C. children pretend to be generous when they are being observed

D. making difficult choices may influence sharing behavior

 

【答案】

 

1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D

【解析】

试题分析:文章介绍了儿童分享事物的心理科学。有研究表明孩子做出艰难选择会对他们的分享行为有影响,他们可能会变的慷概。

1.推理题:根据文章第一段中“New research suggests that allowing children to make a choice to sacrifice their own toys in order to share with someone else makes them share more in the future. ”新研究表明,让孩子选择牺牲自己的玩具与别人分享可让他们在未来分享更多东西。由此可知培养孩子分享意愿对孩子将来分享更多东西是有帮助的。故选C。

2.推理题:backfire是“产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果”的意思。A.have an opposite effect有反作用;B.serve as a push作为一种推动;C.cause anger导致某人轻微愤怒;D.      Avoid taking things back避免拿回东西。只有A想符合划线词义。故选A。

3.细节题:根据第五段中“The children who were initially faced with an easy choice or who were required to give their sticker to Doggie, on the other hand, shared fewer stickers with Ellie ”最初孩子们面临着一个简单的选择或着被要求把他们的贴纸给小狗,要么与艾莉分享更少的贴纸。由此可知这是被要求的。故选B。

4.主旨题:根据文章内容可知文章表明孩子做出艰难选择会对他们的分享行为有影响,他们可能会变的慷概。故选D。

考点:考查科学研究类阅读

 

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The distinction was previously held by another pop heavyweight, Justin Bieber, whose song ‘Baby’ had a little more than 804 million views at press time. PSY made the announcement on his Twitter page earlier today.
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The YouTube honors are just the latest in a long list that shows just how popular the song has become. Since it was released in July, the song has seen a meteoric rise through the music industry.
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【小题1】This passage mainly talks about a world famous________.
A. music chart                         B. video website
C. music video                         C. Korean pop singer
【小题2】Which of the following about “Gangnam Style” is NOT true according to the passage?

A.“Gangnam Style” has defeated Justin Bieber’s “Baby” on You Tube’s views.
B.“Gangnam Style” has been the favorite to at least 5.4 million people.
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D.“Gangnam Style” has been the first to get more than 1 billion views.
【小题3】What can we infer from this passage?
A.The influence of “Gangnam Style” has spread far and wide
B.Obama won the presidential election partly because of the ‘Mitt Romney Style’ video.
C.Despite its massive popularity, the fever of “Gangnam Style” has decreased.
D.PSY will become one of the greatest musicians due to the popularity of “Gangnam Style”.

The popular song ‘Gangnam Style’ from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever, getting more than 808 million views on the popular media site.

The distinction was previously held by another pop heavyweight, Justin Bieber, whose song ‘Baby’ had a little more than 804 million views at press time. PSY made the announcement on his Twitter page earlier today.

Since its release, the song has defeated such other popular videos as Jennifer Lopez’s ‘On the Floor’ and Eminem's ‘Love the Way You Lie’. And in September, 'Gangnam Style' also became the most liked video on YouTube, now with nearly 5.4 million thumbs up.

At the time of the announcement, the Guinness Book of World Records released a statement saying: “In years past it was unthinkable that something would be viewed a hundred million times, and now Gangnam Style has achieved more than twice this figure in just three months on YouTube. PSY, your certificate is waiting here at our office, come pick it up any time!”

Despite its massive popularity, the video shows no signs of slowing down, and it even has a shot at becoming the first video to get more than one billion views.

If it maintains its current rate of around six million new views per day, ‘Gangnam Style’ would be in line to break that record by the end of the year.

The YouTube honors are just the latest in a long list that shows just how popular the song has become. Since it was released in July, the song has seen a meteoric rise through the music industry.

It has found its way to the tops of music charts in more than 30 countries, including the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain and Canada, while providing material for thousands of parody(恶搞)videos.

It became part of the 2012 presidential elections with the now famous ‘Mitt Romney Style’ video and was even used by the North Korean government in propaganda films promoting their supreme leader.

Meanwhile, such influential figures as President Obama, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and Google Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt have all made mention of the hit song.

1.This passage mainly talks about a world famous________.

A. music chart                         B. video website

C. music video                         C. Korean pop singer

2.Which of the following about “Gangnam Style” is NOT true according to the passage?

A.“Gangnam Style” has defeated Justin Bieber’s “Baby” on You Tube’s views.

B.“Gangnam Style” has been the favorite to at least 5.4 million people.

C.“Gangnam Style” has been recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records.

D.“Gangnam Style” has been the first to get more than 1 billion views.

3.What can we infer from this passage?

A.The influence of “Gangnam Style” has spread far and wide

B.Obama won the presidential election partly because of the ‘Mitt Romney Style’ video.

C.Despite its massive popularity, the fever of “Gangnam Style” has decreased.

D.PSY will become one of the greatest musicians due to the popularity of “Gangnam Style”.

 

The popular song ‘Gangnam Style’ from South Korean recording artist PSY has just become the most watched video on YouTube ever, getting more than 808 million views on the popular media site.
The distinction was previously held by another pop heavyweight, Justin Bieber, whose song ‘Baby’ had a little more than 804 million views at press time. PSY made the announcement on his Twitter page earlier today.
Since its release, the song has defeated such other popular videos as Jennifer Lopez’s ‘On the Floor’ and Eminem's ‘Love the Way You Lie’. And in September, 'Gangnam Style' also became the most liked video on YouTube, now with nearly 5.4 million thumbs up.
At the time of the announcement, the Guinness Book of World Records released a statement saying: “In years past it was unthinkable that something would be viewed a hundred million times, and now Gangnam Style has achieved more than twice this figure in just three months on YouTube. PSY, your certificate is waiting here at our office, come pick it up any time!”
Despite its massive popularity, the video shows no signs of slowing down, and it even has a shot at becoming the first video to get more than one billion views.
If it maintains its current rate of around six million new views per day, ‘Gangnam Style’ would be in line to break that record by the end of the year.
The YouTube honors are just the latest in a long list that shows just how popular the song has become. Since it was released in July, the song has seen a meteoric rise through the music industry.
It has found its way to the tops of music charts in more than 30 countries, including the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Spain and Canada, while providing material for thousands of parody(恶搞)videos.
It became part of the 2012 presidential elections with the now famous ‘Mitt Romney Style’ video and was even used by the North Korean government in propaganda films promoting their supreme leader.
Meanwhile, such influential figures as President Obama, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and Google Executive Chairman Eric Schmidt have all made mention of the hit song

  1. 1.

    This passage mainly talks about a world famous______.

    1. A.
      music chart
    2. B.
      video website
    3. C.
      music video
    4. D.
      Korean pop singer
  2. 2.

    Which of the following about “Gangnam Style” is NOT true according to the passage?

    1. A.
      “Gangnam Style” has defeated Justin Bieber’s “Baby” on You Tube’s views
    2. B.
      “Gangnam Style” has been the favorite to at least 5.4 million people
    3. C.
      “Gangnam Style” has been recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records
    4. D.
      “Gangnam Style” has been the first to get more than 1 billion views
  3. 3.

    What can we infer from this passage?

    1. A.
      The influence of “Gangnam Style” has spread far and wide
    2. B.
      Obama won the presidential election partly because of the ‘Mitt Romney Style’ video
    3. C.
      Despite its massive popularity, the fever of “Gangnam Style” has decreased
    4. D.
      PSY will become one of the greatest musicians due to the popularity of “Gangnam Style”

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