A new research has uncovered that culture is a determining factor when interpreting facial emotions . The study reveals that in cultures where emotional control is the standard, such as Japan, focus i 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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A new research has uncovered that culture is a determining factor when interpreting facial emotions （情感）. The study reveals that in cultures where emotional control is the standard, such as Japan, focus is placed on the eyes to interpret emotions. Whereas in cultures where emotion is openly expressed, such as the United States, the focus is on the mouth to interpret emotion.

"These findings go against the popular theory that the facial expressions of basic emotions can be universally recognized,” said University of Alberta researcher Dr. Takahiko Masuda. "A person's culture plays a very strong role in determining how they will read emotions and needs to be considered when interpreting facial expression."

These cultural differences are even noticeable in computer emoticons （情感符号）, which are used to convey a writer's emotions over email and text messaging. The Japanese emoticons for happiness and sadness vary in terms of how the eyes are drawn, while American emoticons vary with the direction of the mouth. In the United States the emoticons :） and :-） show a happy face, whereas the emoticons : （ or : -（ show a sad face. However, Japanese tend to use the symbol （ ‘ ‘ ） to indicate a happy face, and （ ;_; ）to indicate a sad face.

"We think it is quite interesting and appropriate that a culture tends to mask its emotions. The Japanese would focus on a person's eyes when determining emotion, as eyes tend to be quite subtle （微妙的）," said Masuda. "In the United States, where open emotion is quite common, it makes sense to focus on the mouth, which is the most expressive feature on a person's face."

1．The text mainly tells us that __________.

A．cultural differences are expressed in emotions

B．culture is the key to interpreting facial emotions

C．different emoticons are preferred in different cultures

D．people from different cultures express emotions differently

2．Which emoticon is used by Americans to show a happy face?

A．（;_;） B．:-） C．:-（ D．: （

3．People used to believe that ___________.

A．some facial expressions of emotions were too complex to be recognized

B．people in the world interpreted basic emotions in different ways

C．people could only recognize the facial expressions of basic emotions

D．people all over the world understood basic emotions in the same way

BBD

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It is an exciting start to the college football season. A team that many people never heard of defeated one of the best in the country. If you follow American sports, then you know we are talking about the Michigan-Appalachian State game, which took place on September 1st at Michigan Stadium, in front of more than 100,000 people.

Appalachian State University is in Boone, North Carolina. Its team often plays in a stadium that holds about 25,000 people. Also, Appalachian State plays in the Football Championship Subdivision. Michigan is in the newly named Football Bowl Subdivision, the top level of college football. So the Mountaineers of Appalachian State and the Wolverines of the University of Michigan normally do not even play each other.

But they decided to meet for the first time. Michigan agreed to pay Appalachian State 400,000 dollars, win or lose. Teams like Michigan need victories, even a victory over a lower division team, to get into big, nationally broadcast bowl games. These games are worth millions of dollars at the end of the season.

Fans expected an easy Michigan win. After all, in the preseason, sports experts had considered Michigan the fifth best college football team in the country. But Appalachian State is a two-time national champion at its own division level. Its players wanted to show they could play well against a nationally ranked team. And they did. The final score was Appalachian State thirty-four, Michigan thirty-two. The game quickly became known as one of the greatest upsets in college football history.

The win has brought national attention to Appalachian State. Local stores reported a huge increase in orders for college clothing and other items. And the university official head expects more students to seek admission next year. Last Saturday, at home, Appalachian State defeated another North Carolina school, Lenoir-Rhyne College, forty-eight to seven.

The Michigan-Appalachian State game ________.

A. is a regular competition held in the US every year

B. is a state competition held for the football championship

C. is part of a national competition held on September 1st every year

D. was an occasional football competition between two universities

Michigan wanted to play with Appalachian State because Michigan ________.

A. needed money to support its development

B. wanted to test the skills of Appalachian State

C. was a new football team without experience

D. needed victories to enter nationally broadcast bowl games

After the game, the Appalachian State University got _________.

A. much economic support from the government

B. much national assistance

C. national recognition

D. many applicants for admission

The average person learns most of the 30 000～40 000 words whose meanings he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious(意识到的) effort. The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks. There are relatively few words that we learn permanently(永久的)by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists. However, even those extra few are of value, and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary. Here are some suggestions of how to do it.

Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can't, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious(认真的), write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list — preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days.

Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read.

Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words.

If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited(继承) or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000～600 000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German.

1. When you meet a new word in reading, what should you do?

A. Guess its meaning. B. Ask somebody.

C. Look it up in a dictionary. D. All of the above.

2. According to this passage, the best way to build a good vocabulary is _______.

A. to remember a lot B. to read a great deal

C. to take part in a lot of good talks D. both B and C

3. The phrase “be alert to” in the third paragraph may best be replaced by “_______”.

A. look at B. pay attention to

C. write down D. learn by heart

4. In the fourth paragraph, the word “them” refers to _______.

A. the parts of words B. prefixes

C. suffixes D. roots

According to the dictionary definition of“create”, ordinary people are creative every day. To create means“to bring into being, to cause to exist something each of us does daily”.

We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First, this includes an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our senses to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture(质地), as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.

A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. If we believe the expression,“There is nothing new under the sun, the creativity is remaking or recombining(重组) the old in new ways.”For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph.

A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to ask for them to achieve some new results. To think up a new idea is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.

These three parts of creativity are included in all the great works of geniuses, but they are also included in many of our day-to-day activities.

64.Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to the passage?

A. To prepare for a meal. B. To arrange the furniture in a special way.

C. To buy some books from a bookstore. D. To“write”a letter with the computer.

65.“There is nothing new under the sun” really implies that _________.

A. a new thing can only be created at the basis of earliest things

B. a new thing is only a tale

C. we can seldom create new things

D. we can hardly see really new things in the world

66. What does the author think about the relationship between a new thought and its being put into practice?

A. It’s more difficult to create a new thought than to use it in practice.

B. To find a new thought will clearly lead to the production of a new thing.

C. A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.

D. One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.

67. The best title for this passage is__________.

A. How to Develop One’s Creativity B. What Is Creativity

C. The Importance of Creativity D. Creativity, a Not Faraway Thing

After lunch, without permission from parents, the two boys set off to explore the part of the beach which lay beyond the headland(陆岬，伸出海面的尖形高地).They had persuaded their young sister to _1_, saying that the long walk would be too _2_for her. Once they had got in the head land, the beach reached away endlessly before them. It was like _3_a new world. There were damp, dark caves to _4_,there were many_5_ among the rocks, full of sea creatures(生物);and, here and there along the beach were those _6_ objects, washed up and _7_ by the tide.

The afternoon passed _8_The sun was already _9_when the boys reluctantly(恋恋不舍地) _10_ to make their _11_ homewards. But long before they reached the headland, they could see that the tide had come in so sudden that they were now _12_from either end of the beach. Their only chance of _13_ was to find a way up the cliff(悬崖) nearby.

They soon find a narrow path _14_ the cliff top. But half way up their path was_15_by a large rock which they could not climb_16_The two boys had to_17_ at the top of their voices, _18_ that someone might_19_over the top of the rock, and finally came their father with two policemen. _20_of them climbed down a rope which was lowered over the rock. The boys were then pulled to safety, and thus saved from spending a miserable night on the cliff.

1. A. keep quiet B. stay behind C. take a rest D. join them

2. A. tiring B. exciting C. uninteresting D. impossible

3. A. discovering B. facing C. enjoying D. imagining

4. A. look up B. explore C. hide in D. search

5. A. lakes B. rivers C. waterfalls D. pools

6. A. dirty B .light C. strange D. clean

7. A. moved B .covered C. beaten D. left

8. A. quickly B. unexpectedly C. finally D. suddenly

9. A. leaving B. dropping C. going D. setting

10. A. forgot B. decided C. succeeded D. turned

11.A. road B. way C. track D. path

12. A. cut off B. left behind C. held back D. put away

13. A. running off B. keeping clear C. getting away D. turning back

14. A. reaching B. passing C. going up D. leading to

15. A. blocked B. covered C. stopped D. filled

16. A. on B. over C. round D. through

17. A. shout B. shoot C. repeat D .renew

18. A. wanting B. guessing C. believing D. hoping

19. A .turn B. appear C. hide D. climb

20. A. Any B. None C. One D. First

In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They found out that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events has a great effect on your chances of staying healthy.

By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illnesses”.If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. even if stressful events are dangerous, many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription(处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.?

The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of what we know about people. It is supposed that we're all weak and passive in the face of difficulty. But many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental damage.

The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us _______.?

A. what should be done to avoid stress?

B. the way of dealing with major events may cause stress?

C. what kind of event would cause stress?

D. how to deal with sudden changes in life?

The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to_______.?

A. great fear about the mental problems it could cause?

B. widespread worry over its harmful effects?

C. a deep research into illnesses connected with stress?

D. popular avoidance of stressful jobs?

According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become___.

A. discouraged when faced with difficulty

B. physically and mentally weak?

C. more experienced in the face of difficulty

D. uninterested in what happens to them

What’s the purpose of writing the text? ?

A. To tell people the discoveries about stress.?

B. To tell people how to keep healthy.?

C. To help people avoid stressful events.?

D. To help people view stress properly.

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