题目内容

—Tom, your foreign teacher speaks Chinese fluently!

—Oh, she has lived in China for six years, otherwise she _______ such good Chinese.

A. didn’t speak B. would not have spoken

C. would not speakD. hadn’t spoken

 

C

【解析】

试题分析:句意:--汤姆,你的外籍老师汉语说的很流利!--她在中国生活了六年,否则她不会说这么好的汉语。这里的otherwise相当于if虚拟条件句,所以主句也是虚拟语气,因为是现在英语说的很好,所以是和现在相反的虚拟语气,所以主句是would do。所以选C。

考点:考查虚拟语气

 

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DNA left at a crime scene could be used in the future to build up a picture of an offender’s face, it was revealed tonight.

A first step towards genetic mugshots has been taken by researchers in the US who link specific DNA markers with face shape. To identify the genes, they focused on known mutations(突变) that cause changes of the face and head. Normal versions of these genes were found to influence individual features. For instance, one gene affected the lips, another the shape and configuration of bones around the eyes, and a third the appearance of the mid-face and skull. In total, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.

Lead scientist Professor Mark Shriver, from Pennsylvania State University, said: “We use DNA to match to an individual or identify an individual, but you can get so much more from DNA. Currently we can’t go from DNA to a face, or from a face to DNA, but it should be possible.” The implications are far reaching, raising the possibility of creating a data bank of facial types based on genetic markers. DNA from a crime scene could then be used to produce a rough image of the face of an offender or victim. Such genetic mugshots may be more reliable than computer-generated “e-fits” based on witnesses’ recollections. Other uses of the technique might include proving the identity of fathers in paternity cases, or visualising our remote ancestors from fossil DNA.

The scientists wrote in the online journal Public Library of Science Genetics: “Such predictive modelling could be forensically useful; for example, DNA left at crime scenes could be tested and faces predicted in order to help to narrow the pool of potential suspects. Further, our methods could be used to predict the facial features of descendants, deceased ancestors, and even extinct human species. In addition, these methods could prove to be useful diagnostic tools.” The team developed a model which first established a range of physical face shapes from people of mixed West African and European ancestry from the US, Brazil and Cape Verde. Measurements were taken of thousands of point co-ordinates on grids placed over 3D images of the faces.

Statistical methods were then used to determine the relationship between facial differences and the effects of gender, ethnic ancestry and individual gene variants.

1.The underlined word “mugshots” in the second paragraph most probably means _________.

A. different facesB. characteristicsC. pictures of faces D. genders

2.What can be inferred from the passage?

A. DNA has been used to build up a picture of an offender’s face.

B. It may be much easier to catch criminals with the help of DNA.

C. In all, 20 genes had “significant effects” on facial appearance.

D. One gene can affect more than one part of your face.

3.According to Professor Mark Shriver, we know_________.

A. they can merely match to an individual or identify an individual

B. there is a possibility of going from DNA to a face

C. DNA could be used to produce a rough image of an offender’s face

D. this technology is more reliable than computer-generated “e-fits”

4.What is the most possible title of the passage?

A. Creating a data bank of DNA

B. Recognizing the DNA of criminals

C. Predicting the location of offence using DNA

D. Building image of offender’s face from DNA

 

IT’S never a real problem for us when the weather gets cold. We can put on more clothes, stay next to a fireplace, turn on the air conditioner or simply travel to a warmer city to spend the winter – people have many different ways of coping with the cold.

But things are not as easy for plants. Unlike humans, plants can’t move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warm. So how do they manage to survive the freezing winter?

It turns out that plants have their own strategies too, said a study published on Dec 22 in the journal Nature.

According to researcher Amy Zanne of George Washington University, US, the cold is a big challenge for plants. Their living tissues can be damaged when they freeze. “It’s like a plant’s equivalent to frostbite (冻疮),” Zanne told Science Daily. Also, the process of freezing and thawing (解冻) can cause air bubbles to form in the plant’s water transport system. “If enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant,” she explained.

To live through cold weather, plants have developed three traits, according to the study. Some plants, such as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves before the winter chill sets in – effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leaves – and growing new leaves and water transport cells when the warm spring returns.

Other plants, pine trees for example, protect themselves by narrowing their water transport cells, which makes it easier for cells to travel among air bubbles.

The third strategy is also the most extreme – some plants die on the ground in winter and start growing as new plants from seeds when conditions get warmer.

However, the study also found that these smart strategies were developed very slowly – over millions of years of evolution. This leads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decades.

Scientists are hoping that this study can help people find possible ways to save plants from the threat of climate change.

1.What is the article mainly about?

A. Why plants are not afraid of the winter chill.

B. The ways that plants survive cold weather.

C. Changes in plants’ water transport system in winter.

D. How plants evolve to keep up with climate change.

2.According to the article, if a plant freezes in the winter, ______.

A. it produces more living tissues to stay alive

B. its leaves quickly fall out and its roots begin to die

C. lots of air bubbles form in its water transport system

D. its water transport system could be blocked in the spring

3.How do oak trees usually survive the cold winters?

A. By dropping their leaves before winter.

B. By narrowing their water transport cells.

C. By widening their water transport cells.

D. By leaving only the seeds alive and growing from the seeds in the spring.

4.What are scientists worried about when it comes to plants according to the article?

A. Plants may not be able to adapt to the increasingly cold climate.

B. Human activities might have a great impact on the pace of plants’ evolution.

C. Plants may not be able to evolve fast enough to adapt to human-caused climate change.

D. The strategies plants develop are not good enough to protect them against cold.

 

阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

As we all know, the “(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival period” has been a hot phrase all through the China land.

The volume of passenger traffic(客运量) reaches its climax before and after the Spring Festival. Especially, the number of those who decide to go back to their hometown by train is increasing rapidly, so it promotes the short of the tickets of passenger train. Luckily, the Ministry of Railways(铁道部) has come up with solutions. For instance, it arranges extra trains during the peak time for passenger transport as well as opens 24-hour ticket sales windows for passengers in order to ease the traffic pressure. Moreover, it helps to deliver train tickets to the doorsteps, providing convenience for passengers.

One thing that has to be mentioned this year is about start of selling tickets on-line this year. For one thing, it to some degree shortens the time of purchasing tickets. However, most of the passengers are migrant workers returning home for Spring Festival. They are not familiar with the process of buying tickets and as a result cannot buy the tickets on time. What is worse, many computers selling tickets broke down under too much pressure of operation. Therefore, many people blame such a method in that it doesn’t suit nowadays’ situation.

[写作内容]

以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

以约120个词对“春运”进一步叙写,内容包括:

自己亲身经历或者听闻的一次火车春运的状况;

“网上售票”引起人们不满的原因;

给铁道部或者农民工提出解决“网上购票”问题的合理化建议。

[写作要求]

作文中可以使用亲身经历或者虚构的故事,也可以参照阅读材料的内容,但不得直接引用原文中的句子;

作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

[评分标准]

概括准确,语言规范,内容合适,语句连贯。

 

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