题目内容

12.Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite that can be caught from cat litter,a study has found.
Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) parasite(刚地弓形虫),which is spread through contact with cat waste or eating undercooked meat or unwashed vegetables,are at increased risk of attempting suicide.
The study involved more than 45,000women in Denmark.About a third of the world's population is infected with the parasite,which hides in cells in the brain and muscles,often without producing symptoms.
The infection,which is called toxoplasmosis(弓形虫病),has been linked to mental illness,such as schizophrenia(精神分裂症),and changes in behavior.
The study's senior author Doctor Teodor Postolache,an associate professor of psychiatry(精神病学) at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in the United States,said,"We can't say with certainty that T.gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves,but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies."
Doctor Albert Reece,vice president of medical affairs at the University of Maryland,said,"T.gondii infection is a major public health problem around the world,and many people don't realize they're infected.
"Dr Postolache is a leading expert on suicide neuroimmunology(神经免疫学).Suicide is a critically important mental health issue.About one million people commit suicide and another 10million attempt suicide worldwide each year.We hope that this type of research will one day help us find ways to save many lives that now end too early in suicide."
Dr.Postolache's research team at the University of Maryland was the first to report a connection between T.gondii and suicidal behavior in 2009.He is cooperating with researchers in Denmark,Germany and Sweden to confirm and investigate the way leading to this association.
The T.gondii parasite thrives in the intestines of cats,and it is spread through their waste.All warm-blooded animals can become infected through contact with it.Humans can become infected by changing their infected cats'litter boxes,eating unwashed vegetables,drinking water from a polluted source,or by eating undercooked or raw meat.
Not washing kitchen knives after preparing raw meat before handling another food item also can lead to infection.Pregnant women can pass the parasite directly to their unborn babies and are advised not to change cat litter boxes to avoid possible infection.
Babies don't produce antibodies to T.gondii for three months after they are born,so the antibodies present in their blood represented infection in the mothers.The scientists studied Danish health patients to determine if any of these women later attempted suicide,including cases of violent suicide attempts which may have involved guns,sharp instruments and jumping from high places.
The study found that women infected with T.gondii were one and a half times more likely to attempt suicide compared to those who were not infected,and the risk seemed to rise with increasing levels of the T.gondii antibodies.
Dr Postolache noted limitations to the study,such as the inability to determine the cause of the suicidal behavior.
The findings were published online in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
50.The objects of the research are women fromA.
A.Demark B.the USA C.Germany D.Sweden
51.The common way which is more likely to be infected with the disease isB.
A.to eat unwashed vegetables or undercooked meat
B.to clean a place where a cat once lived for a time
C.to pass the infection to her unborn baby during a woman's pregnancy
D.to reuse kitchen tools which have been used to cut raw meat
52.What is the consequence if a woman is infected with the parasite in the passage?B
A.Having a high fever.
B.Doing deliberate self-harm.
C.Keeping a depressed mood.
D.Becoming bad tempered.
53.What can be inferred from the passage?C
A.Women have a higher risk to be infected by the parasite than men.
B.The result of the research may help the scientists to find ways to stop suicide in advance.
C.The scientists will continue their research into the possible connection.
D.The risk of being infected seems to rise with the decreasing levels of the antibodies.
54.Which of the following statements would probably be the best title of the passage?D
A.Why are women more likely to commit suicide?
B.Women should keep away from cats.
C.Ways found to deal with women's mental problems.
D.Are women who own cats at a suicide risk?

分析 本文讲述的是与猫长时间接触的人容易有精神方面的问题.文章介绍了对此现象进行了研究的具体情况.

解答 50:A 细节题.根据文章第三段第一句The study involved more than 45,000 women in Denmark.可知本次研究的对象都是丹麦的女性.故A正确.
51:B 推理题.根据文章第二段1,2行Researchers found women infected with the Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) parasite(刚地弓形虫),which is spread through contact with cat waste可知既然这种病是由于猫的粪便携带的病菌传播的.那么较好的方法就是彻底打扫有猫长时间住的地方,杀死这些病菌.故B正确.
52:B 细节题.根据文章第五段we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies."可知这种病菌与人们的自杀企图是有关系的,自杀是一种自残的自我伤害的行为.故B正确.
53:C 推理题.根据文章第五段"We can't say with certainty that T.gondii caused the women to try to kill themselves,but we did find a predictive association between the infection and suicide attempts later in life that deserves additional studies."可知我们现在无法确定这种病菌与女性自杀之间的联系,但是科学家会继续努力发现这两者之间的联系.故C正确.
54:D 主旨大意题.根据文章主题段第一段Women who own cats are more likely to have mental health problems and kill themselves because they can be infected by a common parasite that can be caught from cat litter,a study has found.可知本文讲述的是与猫长时间接触的人容易有精神方面的问题.文章对此现象进行了研究.故D正确.

点评 本文是健康环保类阅读理解.做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案.推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案,切忌胡乱猜测,一定要做到有理有据.

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2.There are three separate sources of danger in supplying energy by unclear power.
First,the radioactive material must travel from its place of production to the power station.Although the power stations themselves are strongly built,the containers used for the transport of the materials are not.Normally,only two methods of transport are in use,namely road or rail.Unfortunately,both of these may have an effect on the general public,since they are sure to pass near,or even through,heavily populated areas.
Second,there is the problem of waste.All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years.It is impossible to make these wastes nonradioactive,and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have invented.For example,they may be buried under the ground,or dropped into deserted mines,or sunk in the sea.However,these methods do not solve the problem,since an earthquake could easily break the containers.
Third,there may occur the danger of a leak or an explosion at the power station.As with the other two dangers,this is not very likely,so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program.However,it can happen.
Separately,these three types of dangers are not a great cause for worry.Taken together,though,the probability of disaster is extremely high.

56.The author thinks that the ways to store nuclear wastes areB.
A.easy   B.ineffective   C.reasonable   D.impossible
57.What do we learn from the last paragraph?A
A.By itself,none of the three dangers is likely to cause worry.
B.The dangers of nuclear energy can certainly be avoided.
C.The general public are strongly against the nuclear program.
D.The power station itself is a very safe place.
58.What is this passage about?C
A.Uses of nuclear power.      B.Public anger at nuclear power.
C.Dangers from nuclear power. D.Accidents caused by nuclear power.
3.Sometime early in the next century,human beings will move to Mars.They will live there for about a year,and then will be replaced with another group of pioneers.Building the base on Mars will advance our knowledge of the solar system and aid in our understanding of the earth.
We already know that Mars resembles the earth in many aspects:general size,presence of water,length of day,range of temperatures.These resemblances have caused many people to consider a centuries-long project:to terraform Mars.Terraforming means  altering a planet's surface so that Earth's life forms can survive there.This concept,previously found only in science fiction is now being seriously considered by scientists.
Terraforming Mars is theoretically simple:add nitrogen and oxygen to the atmosphere; pump water to the surface; and add the earth's plants and animals in the order in which they developed on Earth.But it will take at least 300years.
Some people think that such a project is too huge for humans to undertake,but there are very good reasons to make the attempt.The earth now contains some 6billion people,and no one has any idea of how many humans the earth can support.Our very existence and numbers are threatening many other species.We also have had some experience with terraforming our own planet:altering the landscape,the atmosphere and the climate.Currently terraforming earth has become a wiser activity as we try to control global warming,air and water pollution,and preserve some natural living places.
While the possibility of such a project is small,it is not impossible.Even if earth-bound societies come and go in the next 300years,the project can continue through the work of the Mars settlers without the need for constant backing from the earth.
The future existence of all the people in our world may very well depend upon our ability to terraform Mars.

63.What would be the best title for this passage?A
A.Terraforming Mars.        B.Saving the Earth.
C.Travelling to Mars.       D.A Newly-found Place.
64.What does the underlined word"altering"mean in the second paragraph?B
A.warming.          B.changing.
C.planting.         D.building.
65.According to the passage,the main purpose of terraforming Mars is toD.
A.do some scientific research work
B.find out its similarity to earth
C.avoid the dying away of many other species
D.find on Mars living place for the increasing human beings
66.The main reason for causing many people to consider terraforming Mars is thatA.
A.there are some resemblances between Earth and Mars.
B.terraforming Mars is theoretically simple
C.we have had some experience with terraforming our own planet:Earth
D.the development of science and technology is very rapid.
20.A Swedish man was dug out alive after being snowed in his car on a forest track for two months with no food,police and local media reported on Saturday.
The 45-year-old from southern Sweden was found on Friday,February17,too weak to say more than a few words.
He was found not far from the city of Umea in the north of Sweden by snowmobilers who thought they had come across a ruined car until they dug their way to a window and saw movement inside.
The man,who was lying in the back seat in a sleeping bag,said he had been in the car since December 19.
"Just incredible that he's alive considering that he had no food,but also since it's been really cold for some time after Christmas,"a rescue team member told regional daily Vasterbottens-Kuriren,which broke the news.Ebbe Nyberg,duty officer at the Umea police,said police saw no reason to doubt that the man had been stuck in the car for a very long time.
"We would not make up something like this.The rescue services were on site too and saw the same as us."he told Vasterbottens-Kuriren.Umea University Hospital,where the man is recovering after being rescued by police and a rescue team,said in a statement he was doing well considering the circumstances.
Doctors at the hospital said humans would normally be able to survive for about four weeks without food.Besides eating snow,the man probably survived by going into a dormant-like(休眠似的) state,physician Stefan Branth told Vasterbottens-Kuriren.
"A bit like a bear that hibernates.Humans can do that."he said."He probably had a body temperature of around 31 degrees which the body adjusted to.Due to the low temperature,not much energy was used up."
"Why the man ended up under the snow in the forest remains unknown,"police said.
24.Who found the Swedish man in the snow?A
A.Snowmobilers.B.The police.C.A rescue team.D.Local people.
25."Police saw no reason to doubt that the man had been stuck in the car for a very long time."Implies thatB.
A.police didn't think it true               
B.police were sure of the fact
C.police had some doubt on the fact      
D.police had reasons to doubt the fact
26.The reason why the man could survive was most probably thatC.
A.he was only forty-five years old       
B.he slept in the sleeping bag
C.he was in a dormant-like state
D.he did not use any energy
27.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?D
A.A Traffic Accident                 
B.A Successful Rescue
C.A Long Sleep in Winter             
D.An Incredible Survival
17.If you talk to any person that has achieved his goals-despite great difficulties,one thing remains the same.
That person never failed to stay (41)D.The goal was already in sight,and the wish to(42)Athat goal never waved.
This story is an example of this:
When she looked(43)D,Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog.Her body felt (44)C because she had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours.
She was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions.Now,at age 34,her (45)B was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the California.
On that fourth of July morning in 1952,the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so  thick that she could (46)D see her support boats.She struggled on,(47)A the freezing  cold water of the sea,hour after hour.
Alongside Florence in one of the boats,her mother and her trainer offered (48)C.They told her it wasn't much farther,(49)Ball she could see was fog.They urged her not to give up.She never had thought of that until then-with only a half mile to (50)A,she decided to(51)C.Still warming her frozen body several hours later,she told a reporter,"Look,I'm not (52)Bmyself,but if I could have seen (53)AI might have succeeded."It was not(54)Bor the cold water that beat her.It was the fog.She was unable to see her goal.
Two months later,she tried again.This time,(55)C the same thick fog,she swam with her goal clearly(56)Bin her mind.She knew that (57)A behind that fog was land and  this time she (58)Cit!
Let this (59)B forever be kept in your mind.Never take your eyes (60)C your goal,even when you can't see it.

41.A.carefulB.ableC.proudD.focused
42.A.reachB.setC.seeD.break
43.A.backB.belowC.awayD.ahead
44.A.softB.sensitiveC.numbD.flexible
45.A.directionB.goalC.resultD.role
46.A.evenB.almostC.mostlyD.hardly
47.A.againstB.forC.behindD.by
48.A.assessmentB.commitmentC.encouragementD.adjustment
49.A.andB.butC.orD.so
50.A.goB.stayC.remainD.turn
51.A.re tireB.pauseC.quitD.leave
52.A.caringB.excusingC.permittingD.scolding
53.A.landB.sunshineC.fartherD.fog
54.A.excitementB.tirednessC.lonelinessD.fear
55.A.consideringB.besidesC.despiteD.from
56.A.figuredB.picturedC.putD.brought
57.A.somewhereB.nowhereC.anywhereD.everywhere
58.A.tookB.gotC.madeD.set
59.A.impressionB.lessonC.taskD.time
60.A.outB.besideC.offD.on.
4.More and more Americans are showing an interest in healthy and locally-produced food.As the interest increases,raising chickens has been gaining popularity in some American cities.
"Look,we get three eggs this time."
Collecting eggs is a daily pleasure for the Hurst family.Naomi Hurst says her family started to raise chickens in back of their home in Maryland a month ago.
"We have wanted to try having backyard chickens for a couple years now.And really just didn't have the time to build my own coop(鸡笼;鸡舍) and  look out where to buy chickens.And then we met Rent a Coop,"said Naomi Hurst.
Rent a Coop is a chicken rental business.Tyler Phillips launched the company with a partner 18months ago.It comes with a mobile coop on wheels,two egg-laying hens,feed,bedding,water bowl,feed bowl,and our 24-hour chicken hotline.You can call with any questions.The price is 185dollars for four weeks.
After the four weeks passed,individuals can extend the rental agreement,return everything or purchase the animals and supplies.
Tyler Phillips designs and makes the coops.He says he wants to do as little damage as possible to the environment.
"We always try to have as many recycled materials as possible.And I want the coops to be safe for kids.I want the chickens to be comfortable and they have access to the grass while being inside the coop.I want it to be easily movable,light weight,"he said.
Some cities require people have large pieces of land,if they want to raise farm animals.Others require an agreement with neighbors,limit the number of chickens,or,even ban the birds.
Tyler Phillips expects that would change as interest in small poultry (家禽) coops grows.
"I see cities around the D.C.area changing laws almost monthly and different cities will change the law to being prochicken(赞成养鸡).That is happening all around the United States,"he said,
He believes that there will be chicken rental businesses in most American cities within five years.
32.According to the passage people raise chickens probably toD.
A.save the living cost
B.reduce farmers'burden
C.solve the employment problems
D.get safe and healthy food
33.The Hurst family used to have trouble inB.
A.building a website for raising chickens
B.building the coops and buying the chickens
C.finding some place to raise the chickens
D.persuading the neighbours to accept their idea
34.We can learn from the passage thatC.
A.you can enjoy the Rent a Coop service after 18months.
B.you can search online for any questions related to raising chickens.
C.you can pay for keeping the supplies and the chickens for ever
D.you can pay 185dollars a week for renting things to raise the chickens.
35.Tyler Phillips designed and made the coopsA
A.based on the environmentally friendly concept
B.based on the government's supporting policy
C.to help advertise the organic and local food
D.to meet his neighbors'need of raising chickens.
15.[1]My best friend was born in South Korea and adopted (收养) by American parents when she was two years old.She has two first names.One is Heather,and the other is Na-ri.I have never seen her____________.But today,for the first time,she is writing a letter with this name.
[2]Two days ago,she received a letter from South Korea.The letter was sent to Na-ri.She was so surprised that she couldn't open the letter.So I did it for her.The letter was written in Korean.I said,"Heather,you should ask someone to read this for you.It is written in Korean."But she was silent.
[3]Yesterday,on the way home,I saw her sitting on a bench near my house and crying."What is it,honey?"I said.She told me that her birth mother had blood cancer,and the only solution for her illness might be Heather's blood.I asked how she knew this.Heather said,she had learned Korean secretly.Crying hard,Heather only asked again and again,"What should I do?What should I do?"I really had no answer.
[4]This morning,Heather called me."Can you be with me when I write a letter to South Korea?"I gladly went over to her house.Heather didn't seem to have slept at all.I hugged (拥抱) her and told her everything would be okay.Now I am sitting in front of Heather watching her write a letter.She hasn't told me what she is writing,but I can guess.Heather is writing,"Na-ri is coming,mother."
76.What happened to Heather when she was two years old?(no more than 8 words)
She was adopted by American parents.
77.Fill in the blank in Paragraph I with proper words.(no more than 5 words)
use the name Na-ri.
78.How did Heather feel when she received a letter from South Korea?(no more than 5 words)She felt very surprised.
79.Why could Heather read the letter in Korean?(no more than 6 words)
Because she had learned Korean secretly.
80.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?(no more than 8 words)
Heather decided to help her birth mother.

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