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假设英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下日记。日记中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处错误。

One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.

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Some people are like homing pigeons: Drop them off anywhere, and they’ll find their way around. Other people, though, can’t tell when they’re holding a map upside down. Are the directionally challenged just bad learners?

Not all of your navigational (导航的)skills are learned. Research shows that your sense of direction is innate. An innate ability is something you are born with. Your brain has special navigational neurons—head-direction cells, place cells, and grid cells (网格细胞)—and they help program your inside compass when you’re just a baby.

In 2010, scientists carried out an experiment to study baby rats’ neural activity in their brains. Although the rats were newborns, the researchers discovered that their head-direction cells (which help them recognize the direction they’re facing) were fully grown and developed. The rats, it seemed, were born with a sense of direction. And they hadn’t even opened their eyes yet!

Humans, of course, are not rats. But the hippocampus—the brain area we use for navigation—is similar in most mammals. If the rat’s compass develops this way, then it’s likely that a human’s compass does, too.

If we’re born with a sense of direction, then why are some people so good at getting lost? The scientists found that the two other cells—place and grid cells—developed within the first month. Place cells are thought to help us form a map in our mind, while grid cells help us navigate new and unfamiliar places. The two cells work together, and that’s where the trouble might be.

People who took part in a 2013 study played a video game that required them to travel quickly between different places. Monitoring their brains, the scientists found that grid cells helped the gamers recognize where they were—even without landmarks. According to researcher Michael Kahana, differences in how grid cells work may help explain why some people have a better sense of direction than others.

1.What did the 2010 research find?

A. Rats have a natural ability to recognize directions.

B. Rats’ hippocampus is different from that of humans.

C. Rats usually find their way without opening their eyes.

D. Baby rats have as many head-direction cells as grown-ups.

2.What do we know about our navigational neurons?

A. Place cells let us know how to read a map.

B. Grid cells help us reach the place we are going to.

C. They help us use a compass when we lose our way.

D. Place and grid cells grow later than head-direction cells.

3.Why are some people so good at getting lost?

A. They can’t remember landmarks.

B. Their grid cells can’t work very well.

C. They are unfamiliar with new places.

D. Their ability to follow directions is poor.

4.What is the text mainly about?

A. Human navigational skills.

B. The compass in rats’ body.

C. Why grid cells are useful.

D. How homing pigeons work.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项.

Tea vs Coffee

Tea and coffee are two of the most widely consumed drinks in the United States. With popularity and interest in tea continuing to grow in recent years, many consumers have recently considered

making the switch from coffee to tea, if they have not done so already. All the buzz surrounding tea

and coffee may have you wondering, what are the differences? As it turns out, the differences are

many and varied.

In the US, interest in tea ranges from coast to coast with the highest in Hawaii and California

but stretching to the eastern states of Vermont and New York. On the other hand, the highest interest

in coffee tends to be concentrated more in the north and western regions(地区), with the highest

search volumes appearing in the states of Hawaii, Washington and Minnesota.

Differences between tea and coffee also vary in origin and production. All tea comes from the

harvested leaves of the Camellia sinensis plant, while there are about 60 different species of coffee

plants. Production of tea is quicker and more efficient: Camellia sinensis plants only need to grow

for three years before they are ready to process; coffee plants take up to five years.

Perhaps the most concerning issue consumers have when considering making the switch to tea

is the question of caffeine. The good news is, when it comes to tea and caffeine, there is something

for everyone. Unlike coffee, which typically only comes in decaffeinated and regular, there are

several varieties of tea available, based on caffeine preference.

From herbal teas that are naturally free of caffeine, to high quality green and black teas that

offer less than half the caffeine of coffee, to high caffeine teas such as our specially formulated

HiCAF? blends that contain slightly more caffeine than a cup of coffee, there is a variety sure to

suit your needs. As an added bonus, the lower acidity levels in tea tend to be gentler on the stomach

for a more comforting pick-me-up.

So what is the answer, coffee or tea? If you are looking for the most healthful benefit possible,

tea is probably the winner. They say a picture is worth a thousand words. If, like many Americans,

the rising popularity in tea has your interest piqued, the images below will help to clearly spell out

the differences between tea and coffee.

1.It can be learned from the passage that ______.

A. coffee is of much higher production than tea

B. tea and coffee are from harvested leaves of plants

C. the popularity of tea is growing constantly in the US

D. there is no regional difference in drinking tea and coffee

2. According to the passage, which of the following contains the least caffeine?

A. Green tea. B. Black tea.

C. Herbal tea. D. HiCAF? blends.

3.What is the author’s attitude towards tea?

A. Positive. B. Cautious.

C. Sceptical. D. Negative.

4.The underlined word “piqued” in the last paragraph probably means .

A. reduced B. lost

C. expressed D. excited

In the early days, Beijing Opera ______ on open-air stages or in teahouses.

A. performed B. was performed

C. performs D. is performed

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

When you’re a parent to a young child, you spend a lot of time talking about feelings: about having to share, about being disappointed because you may not have a cookie instead of broccoli(绿花椰菜), about the great injustice of a parent pressing the elevator button before the child has a chance to.

And in a parenting culture that’s increasingly concerned with centering children’s needs above all else, mothers and fathers have become skillful at talking about their kids’ feelings while masking their own. But new research suggests that parents who hide their negative emotions are doing their children, and themselves harm.

A study published this month says that when parents put on a faux-happy (假开心)face for their kids, they do damage to their own sense of wellbeing and authenticity.

“For the average parent the findings suggest when they attempt to hide their negative emotion expression and over express their positive emotions with their children, it actually comes at a cost: doing so may lead parents to feel worse themselves,” researcher Dr Emily Impett, says.

It makes sense that parents often fall back on amping up (扩大) the positivity for the sake of their children—there are a lot of things in the world we want to protect our kids from. But children are often smarter than we expect and are quite in tune with what the people closest to them—their parents—are feeling.

There was a time about a year or so ago, for example, when I received some bad news over the phone; I was home with my four-year-old and so I did my best to put on a brave face. She knew immediately something was wrong though, and was confused.

When I finally let a few tears out and explained that Mom heard something sad about a friend, she was, of course, just fine. My daughter patted my shoulder, gave me a hug, and went back to playing. She felt better that she was able to help me, and the moment made a lot more sense to her emotionally than a smiling mom holding back sobs. I was glad that I could feel sad momentarily and not have to work hard to hide that.

Relaying positive feelings to your children when you don’t feel them is a move the researchers called high cost—that it may seem like the most beneficial to your child at the time but that parents should find other ways of communicating emotions that “allow them to feel true to themselves”.

But this is also about children seeing the world in a more honest way. While we will want to protect our children from things that aren’t age-appropriate or harmful, it’s better to raise a generation of kids who understand that moms and dads are people too.

1. What is the typical behavior of parents when they bring up their children?

A. Allowing their children chances to do things themselves.

B. Expressing their dissatisfaction with their children.

C. Hiding their true emotions from their children.

D. Sharing their favorite food with their children.

2.If parents put on a faux-happy face, _______.

A. their children will be protected

B. their children will be taken in

C. they will feel happy as a result

D. they will undergo worse feelings

3. The author mentioned the example of her daughter to illustrate ______.

A. children are not so clever as parents think

B. children can often understand parents’ true feelings

C. it’s meaningful for parents to always look positive

D. it’s necessary to expose children to harmful things

4.We can conclude from the passage that _______.

A. protecting children from age-inappropriate things is important

B. it makes sense for children to know their parents’ negative feelings

C. children will admire their parents more because of being protected

D. separation from negative feelings helps children see the world honestly

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A recent report published online explains an uncommon phenomenon why people from East Asia tend to have more trouble than those from Europe in identifying facial expressions.

Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀地) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes.

“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.”

According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey emotion in cross-cultural situations.

The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.

It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”

In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.

1.The discovery shows that Westerners_________.

A. consider facial expressions universally reliable

B. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth

C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways

D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions

2. What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?

A. The participants in the study.

B. The researchers of the study.

C. The errors made during the study.

D. The data collected from the study.

3. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to_________.

A. do translation more successfully

B. study the mouth more frequently

C. examine the eyes more attentively

D. read facial expressions more correctly

4. What can be the best title for the passage?

A. The Eye as the Window to the Soul.

B. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding.

C. Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills.

D. Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions.

完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Four?year?old Cris lived with his cruel father，who beat him when he would not earn money to_________ his alcohol and drugs. Cris could no longer _________ this kind of life and decided to run away from their home. He lived in an empty tomb and searched in the dump site for anything he could _________ to the junk store. There were also old shoes，clothes，and leftover food. He did this for days _________．With the money he earned，the clothes，shoes and the food，he would_________ all the small children to give them their _________ ．

He used to say that he may be poor with _________ things but he is rich with love. He taught the kids how to clean their bodies and brush their teeth，and cleaned their _________ ．He had some 1，000 kids in this group. Some of these kids decided to _________ with him to help in his work.

About 10，000 kids had _________ from the group. It became known as the “Championing Community Children”．With the help of volunteers，they _________ in colorful boxes all the necessities of street children and gave these out at _________ times.

Cris had _________ to be a handsome，well?mannered 13?year?old boy. His _________ to all the kids he met are _________ here. Your wealth is your health. Be healthy and you are able to think _________ and go to school.Love the people around you in many ways. No street children will be left _________ help.

Cris got his _________ for all his good work. He was entered in the search for _________ children in an international search held in Netherlands. Cris got the award for this distinct _________ ．He was named as the winner of the International Children's Peace Prize，winning the title and a prize of 130，000 dollars.

1.A.bringB．buyC．produceD．pay

2.A.affordB．coverC．bearD．hold

3.A. sellB．sortC．undertakeD．deal

4.A.on endB．on averageC．at lengthD．at best

5.A.encourageB．teachC．gatherD．introduce

6.A.salariesB．needsC．chancesD．tricks

7.A. worldlyB．hopefulC．spiritualD．occasional

8.A. homesB．essentialsC．emotionsD．wounds

9.A.leaveB．stayC．settleD．part

10.A.recoveredB．resultedC．benefitedD．progressed

11.A. choseB．appliedC．packedD．bought

12.A.secretB．familiarC．regularD．immediate

13.A. grownB．raisedC．extendedD．changed

14.A.messagesB．challengesC．surprisesD．greetings

15.A.caught upB．built upC．summed upD．broken up

16.A. clearlyB．quicklyC．originallyD．fluently

17.A.beyondB．forC．exceptD．without

18.A. rewardB．promiseC．pleasureD．achievement

19.A.outstandingB．traditionalC．extraD．homeless

20.A.approvalB．honorC．changeD．agreement

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Last December my mother and I 1._______ (fly) to London. The first thing we did was to go on a bus sightseeing tour.

This is the best way to see all the sights and learn all about the history of a city. By the time the tour was over it was dark. The Christmas lights were very colorful. And 2._________ really impressed me was how so many people made 3._________ (they) way home through the heavy traffic on bicycles. I was looking forward to spending the next day in Oxford Street with all its 4.___________(amaze) shops. And what 5.__________ experience that was! We bought a ticket for the underground and could go everywhere very quickly.

We spent all morning shopping and admiring the Christmas displays inside the shops and out in the streets. Then we went to a wax museum 6.___________ (call) Madame Tussauds ( 杜莎夫人蜡像馆）, which had a lot of wax 7.__________(figure) of famous people. My mother took a picture of me 8._____________ (stand) between Prince Charles and Prince Harry. From there we took the tube to Buckingham Palace, the home of the two princes, to watch The Changing of the Guard but 9.____________ (fortunate) we couldn’t really see well as there were thousands of tourists waiting 10.________ take photos of the ceremony.

Most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in each hand a bright-blue plastic jug. On good days, they will wait less than an hour before a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New Delhi. On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don’t come at all. “That water kills people,” a young mother named Shoba said one recent Saturday morning, pointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel (焦糖)-colored liquid. “Whoever drinks it will die.” The water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neighborhood. Women often use it to wash clothes and bathe their children, but no­body is desperate enough to drink it.

There is no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but ex­perts usually put the minimum at fifty li­ters. The government of India promises (but rarely provides) forty. Most people drink two or three liters—less than it takes to wash a toilet. The rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. Americans consume between four hundred and six hundred liters of water each day, more than any other people on earth. Most Europeans use less than half that. The women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundred liters that day—two or three buckets’ worth. Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn’t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon. She often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than water delivered any other way. Sometimes she just buys milk; it’s cheaper. Like the poorest people every­where, the people of New Delhi’s slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.

1.The underlined word “slum” most likely means ______.

A. a village

B. a small town

C. a poor area of a town with badly-built, over-crowded buildings

D. the part of a town that lacks water

2.Sometimes the water tanker doesn’t come because ______.

A. the weather is bad

B. there is no electricity

C. there is no water

D. people don’t want the dirty water

3.Which of the following statements is wrong?

A. water is the biggest expense for people in New Delhi’s slums

B. Shoba has a family of seven people

C. in Kesum Purbahari milk is cheaper than bottled water

D. Americans uses the largest amount of water each day

4.The passage mainly tells us ______.

A. how women in Kesum Purbahari gets their water

B. how much water a day a person deeds

C. that India lacks water badly

D. how India government manages to solve the problem of water

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