题目内容

Elephants don’t forget-at least, female(雌性的) elephants don’t. Elephant families are matriarchal. And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival (生存), according to a study published in April by Karen McComb, a biologist at Sussex University in England.

Elephants announce their presence by making a deep, long sound, a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫). An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby. A stranger can cause trouble. Interrupting feeding or disturbing the young. So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller. False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding, so survival may depend in part on getting it right.

Working with Cynthia Moss, who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago, McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old. She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls. In fact, a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call. However, families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call. And they gathered together a lot. Moreover, the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favorable results: Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female-reproductive year.

This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families. As elephants age, they continue to grow larger, as do their much wanted tusks(象牙). So the older-and wiser-a matriarch is, the greater the chance she will be killed. About 800,000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years.

1.What does the underlined word in Para 2 "matriarch" mean?

A. An old member of an elephant family

B. A female head of an elephant family

C. A wise elephant

D. A large elephant

2.The research with recordings of contact calls shows .

A. How fast elephants form into groups

B. How important the age of a leading elephant is

C. How frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call

D. How frequently old elephants call other members of the family

3.When do elephants form into a group?

A. When they are feeding the young.

B. When they see a familiar elephant.

C. When they are giving birth to baby elephants.

D. When the leading elephant gives out a warning.

4.The older a female elephant is, _____.

A. the stronger she will be

B. the poorer memory she will have

C. the more useless her tusks will be

D. the more likely she will be killed

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After my brother died in an accident, my mother was very sad. I was only 4 years old at the time, but I still understood the ______ in my mom’s attitude toward safety. ______, everything around us was potentially ______.

I grew up with a lot of ______ and rules that were meant to ______ me. For example, I was not ______ to walk home from school by myself, even though everyone I knew already did. I couldn’t ______ evening parties or go to summer camp, ______ what if something happened to me?

As I got older, the list of things to ______ got longer. I became a natural ______. I was concerned about things like getting cancer, losing my wallet, being caught in car accidents and earthquakes —______ big and small, real and ______.The funny part is that you’d never know it by looking at my life, because I’m constantly ______ myself to do the things that frighten or worry me. In fact, I’ve developed a ______ for myself: If it scares me, then I have to do it ______ once. I’ve done lots of things that would have ______ my mom: I’ve ridden a motorcycle, I’ve traveled alone, and I’ve performed stand-up comedy.

Courage isn’t a natural attribute (品质) of human beings. I believe that we have to practice being courageous. The more ______ I do things that scare me or that make me ______, the more I realize that I can do a lot more than I originally thought I could do.

Even though I inherited (经遗传获得) my mother’s cautious ______, I’ve also come to believe that fear can be a good thing, if we ______ it. Believing that has made my world a less scary place.

1.A. hint B. change C. scene D. lesson

2.A. Slowly B. Logically C. Fortunately D. Suddenly

3.A. important B. inspiring C. convenient D. dangerous

4.A. restrictions B. considerations C. judgments D. comparisons

5.A. limit B. help C. protect D. train

6.A. allowed B. encouraged C. reminded D. advised

7.A. arrange B. attend C. decorate D. support

8.A. but B. though C. or D. because

9.A. hope B. fear C. count D. bear

10.A. worrier B. dreamer C. adult D. thinker

11.A. ideas B. affairs C. actions D. disasters

12.A. special B. common C. imaginary D. practical

13.A. expecting B. warning C. forcing D. promising

14.A. rule B. form C. case D. hobby

15.A. in all B. at most C. after all D. at least

16.A. threatened B. shocked C. confused D. entertained

17.A. rarely B. quickly C. often D. fairly

18.A. confident B. uncomfortable C. happy D. generous

19.A. nature B. duly C. work D. task

20.A. know B. get C. avoid D. face

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

He reported the case to the police and then sat there,lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.

That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.

1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

A. Go shopping B. Find a house

C. Join his family D. Take his family

2.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.

A. a friend of his family B. a Sydney policeman

C. a letter in his papers D. a stranger in Sydney

3.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?[

A. Showed B. Sent out

C. Delivered D. Gave back

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. From India to Australia. B. Living in a New Country.

C. Turning Trash to Treasure. D. In Search of New Friends.

Maybe no one forgets their first bike and there is no exception to a woman like me. Mine was a Schwinn coaster bike, second-hand, painted red and yellow by its previous owner. I remember riding too fast down the big hill on Springfield Avenue. I knew at once that the world was mine to explore.

A couple of years later, when I was 11, my grandmother visited from England, bringing me a bike. It was a dark green one, with three gears (齿轮) and hand brakes. As the owner of the first English bike my friends had ever seen, I was almost famous.

Unlike my coaster bike, it was light—riding it felt like flying. I rode past big stone houses with their huge yards and trees. I rode past brick row houses. I rode alone and with groups of friends.

That beloved bike went with me to college, carrying me to the library and to classes. Beyond transport, it was often a prop (道具): Pushing it along as I walked the college paths made me feel less self-conscious. Somehow, conversation flowed more easily on either side of a bike.

After college, I lived abroad for a while. Returning from London, I discovered to my horror that my parents had sold my bike.

For years after that, I didn't have a bike that was really mine. Teaching in a New England prep school (学校), I simply rode whatever bikes its graduates had left behind. I rode around the little town on bikes with gears and brakes that often failed. I did not take any of those bikes with me when I moved south to the coastal town where I now live. But after a while I missed riding.

Finally, on a fall day, I bought a bike. Called a comfort bike, it has wider tires than my old bike and seven gears. But it is green—a brighter green bike.

Still, I was a bit worried; I was a lot older. I brought the bike home and put on my helmet—I'd never worn a helmet before. Then I got on the bike. After a difficult start, I felt exactly as I was on that long-ago day on Springfield Avenue: free. Soon I was riding along, watching the waves break. It seemed that everyone I passed smiled. And I knew they all remembered their first bike and how it had set them free. I wanted to call back to them, "It still can!"

1.According to the article, the author's beloved bike ________.

A. was a red and yellow coaster bike

B. made her the envy of all her friends

C. was her birthday gift from her grandmother

D. made her shy and awkward at times at college

2.When she was teaching at a prep school, the author ________.

A. didn't like her once-beloved bike

B. got out of the habit of riding bikes

C. loved exploring the little town by riding around

D. rode bikes that had been recommended to her by graduates

3.What happened to the author after she moved to the coastal town?

A. She bought another coaster like her old one.

B. She found that she was too old to ride a bike.

C. She challenged herself to ride a more demanding bike.

D. She regained the feeling that her first bike had given her.

4.What was the author's main purpose in writing this article?

A. To describe the different bikes she has been riding alone.

B. To recall the joy and freedom she has enjoyed thanks to riding.

C. To inform us of the fun and benefits of riding bikes with others.

D. To tell us about how she grew up through her riding experiences.

To me, kindness is a chosen lifestyle. In my classroom, I tell my _____that every day they are offered a choice. They can’t choose what happens to them, but they can choose how they ______to it. Kindness is a ______. And it is a lifestyle. It isn’t something that we just choose once in a while---- it is a(n)______to live our lives.____, he chose how to react to it. To this day, seventeen years later , the nurses ______ write my mother letters. The ______? It was because of my father’s kindness to others even when he was _____ against the disease. He made kindness a lifestyle.

And I want to be ______ him.

Every day as a teacher, I try and teach my students the kindness lifestyle. Just recently, I turned 40 and a friend gave me 40 individual dollar bills. She challenged me to do something _____ with the money. I gladly accepted the challenge.

I gave 40 of my students one dollar each and challenged them to make a(n) _____. What happened? My Twitter and Instagram were ______with pictures of kids making the world a better place. One girl bought a dollar store stuffed animal(填充玩具). It was______that kids should have made a difference when they were given the___.

Living the kindness lifestyle _____ every day, every opportunity. As a high school teacher, I see _____ everywhere. In the hallways, in the lunchroom, in the locker room, ______words and gossip(随笔) fill the air. So I started a hashtag (标签) to _____ positive gossip called “third party compliments(称赞)”. The idea is that you talk about people behind their backs, but do it in a _____ way. In that way, the gossip that gets back to students makes their day instead of getting them down.

Our kindness lifestyle leaves a footprint on others, and let us be the movers and kindness-makers who________a better, more beautiful world.

1.A. teachers B. classmates C. students D. friends

2.A. respond B. refer C. return D. contribute

3.A. mood B. goal C. benefit D. choice

4.A. spirit B. way C. chance D. idea

5.A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Furthermore

6.A. still B. never C. once D. just

7.A. meaning B. solution C. purpose D. reason

8.A. working B. struggling C. seeking D. exercise

9.A. against B. with C. before D. like

10.A. reasonable B. private C. necessary D. creative

11.A. promise B. difference C. profit D. achievement

12.A. concerned B. equipped C. flooded D. decorated

13.A. confusing B. natural C. common D. amazing

14.A. opportunity B. advertisement C. payment D. introduction

15.A. means B. increases C. makes D. explains

16.A. progress B. negativity C. trust D. harmony

17.A. hurtful B. inspiring C. touching D. humorous

18.A. call off B. call for C. turn down D. set aside

19.A. honest B. flexible C. positive D. cautious

20.A. requires B. allows C. promotes D. works

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